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What was the primary aim of the Bandung Conference?

A.     To secure a military alliance between newly formed left-wing nationalist states

B.     To openly condemn western colonialism, emphasised by the invitation of Algeria

C.     To gather Asian heads of states and persuade African NEFOs to adopt communist sentiments

D.    To begin plans for embargos on agricultural exports to the Unites States

How were US-Indonesian relations in the 1960s?

A.     Neutral

B.     In alliance, emphasised Sukarno’s visit to the States and partnerships with the Kennedy presidents

C.     Negative, due to Indonesia withdrawal from the UN and Sukarno’s denouncement of western entertainment

D.    None of the above

When did Indonesia withdraw from the United Nations?

A.    July 1964

B.   January 1965

C.   September 1965
D.   December 1964

Why was Sukarno opposed to the creation of a Federation of Malaysia?

A.    He was sympathetic to the PKI, who were against it

B.    It was part of his anti-western stance to foreign affairs

C.    It would lead to decentralization of power from Jakarta to provinces

D.   The army was opposed to it

What was the significance of the Bandung Conference in 1955 and the 1963 GANEFO?

a)    It would highlight the non-aligned movement, and intensify anti-cold war sentiment.

b)   It would intensify Sukarno’s cult of personality

c)    It would help improve the economy

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The first Asian-African conference, accumulated NEFO (New Emerging Forces). Organised to dismantle international tensions in the midsts of the Cold War, also served as an action taken in opposition to colonialism by inviting French Algeria.

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Gesture made in attempt to establish peaceful international/regional relations. Successful, although 1963 proved less so upon leaving Indonesia leaving the UN.

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Close allies with Kennedy presidents. Controversial due to his PKI affiliations. Began due to his growing shift towards a communist bloc. American businesses were denounced and western culture, including film and music, was banned/censored. US aid to Indonesia halted as a result. Sukarno withdrew Indonesia from the UN in January 1965 when Malaysia took a seat in the UN Security Council. Sukarno became more dependent on Peking and talked of a possible Peking-Jakarta axis.

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Begins visiting emerging western and left wing nationalist states (United States, Soviet Russia, Mao's China) in outreach of alliance.

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Mocked by Western propaganda for his attempts to take Malaysian territory from Britain.

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Campaign in the early 1960's against the attempted creation of a Malaysian Federation. Sukarno believed that the federation would lead to increased decentralisation and loss of central power that Jakarta held over the regional provinces of Indonesia (aligned with the Javanese concept of 'Mandala', i.e power emanating from the center). Was focused on anti-chinese sentiment and dealt a blow to the economy.

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Attempted to relieve tensions between North and South Korea during their civil war.