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The effect of the word stone/back of its mouth is pretty forceful imagery. Also 'put back' suggests it was previously there.

The word 'Fjord' is naturalistic and therein makes us see death as somewhat natural and inexplicable.

'Cuds' are an item that is twice chewed and so it is like Heaney is mulling over the past and reliving an ancient History. Honour is used in irony but could be seen as personal betrayal even though it will cause conflict.

'joyful' is a bit odd as its about death so is paradoxical as even in death their is a sense of hope (possibly for the future).

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'Shouldered' - Makes you think he might have been forced into it

'Tainted' - Makes you think of something that's been ruined. The country has been ruined by the sectarian violence.

'Shackled' - Makes you think of something being chained down to something unwillingly - they can't escape whatever has a hold on them.

'Veined' - Imagery of veins in body which links to blood which in turn links to violence as well as life.

'Always' - It's constantly happening - never ending. Also sounds like a promise that it will continue?

'Soapstone' - Pale like death, stone like a gravestone, because it's a soft stone it easily changes much like the way the dead people have changed since they've died.

'Glacier' - Glaciers are slow and potentially dangerous. You also only see the small top of a glacier which becomes bigger under the surface -  when you watch the funeral described you only get to see a small part of something bigger.

The speaker says that he's 'admiring it all' because he believes that the funeral is something grand that should be admired - that everyone should watch.

The images we get in stanza 3 is that the dead people have had their imperfections smoothed over so that they have become 'unwrinkled' and they have become more obedient to their religion.

The effect of Heaney suggesting these rituals have on his community is that there will always be a continuous flow of funerals that will never end. It can also be referenced to the fact that Heaney lived in Northern Ireland which was mainly Protestant and this was a Catholic funeral and the Protestants want the funeral out of the way and so want it to be 'pushed away'

He compares people's brow to 'igloo' which references the fact that the dead people will be cold as they are dead. He also mentions 'black glaciers' which suggests that each funeral is only one tiny part in a bigger event.

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"Neighbourly murder"- an ironic phrase which can also be classed as a paradox which refers to the effects of sectarian violence within Northern Ireland in the 60s.
"Temperate"- men holding back emotion at funerals whilst most women stay at home in order to contain their emotions.
"Blinded"- demonstrating the ignorance towards the idea of reconciliation. Can also link to the idea of respect for the dead.
"Purring/noise"- subdued noises demonstrate respect for funerals and the dead. The calming noises could also represent the wishes of the people for a peaceful and calm life with no conflict.
"Somnambulant"- connotations of sleepwalking women demonstrates male domination within a patriarchal society and religion.

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"shouldered" - this suggests he has a lot of responsibility and has had to fill expectations to succeed in his job.

"tainted"- this suggests that because their deaths where not natural the catholic church is tainted with murder

"shackled" - this suggests that these people where repressed religiously and that death is a natural process however their death was not natural

"veined"- personification suggests that these people have been murdered as veins have connotations of blood

"always"- this suggests all the funerals are the same, because death is a common occurrence

"soapstone"- the carvings are everlasting and a symbol for the people that have died like how the barley re[resents the fighters in "requiem for the croppies"

"glacier" - this is used to show how slow the cortege is moving however it can be a symbol for inevitable death moving slowly closer.

why does the speaker say he "is admiring it all" in stanza four?
the speaker is being passive and not becoming attached to these people as he doesn't know what to feel when his life is centered around others deaths.

what picture do we get of the effects of death in the laid out relatives in stanza 3?
you get the picture that death changes your body physically and spiritually as you decay but arguably you go to heaven or hell.

what effect is Heaney suggesting these rituals have on his community when he says that "the funeral pushed away"
death and tragedy is not wanted in their community as Heaney believes that sectarian violence wont end if both sides keep fighting.

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"The stone/back in its mouth" this refers to the idea of Jesus being buried and resurrected.
"Fjords" this links to the idea of ancient burial in a cave. also created  by glacial erosion linking to the previous idea of glaciers
"Cuds" this makes the reader think of the past and memories being brought back up.
"Feud" Personal feelings towards Ireland, that they are targeted a lot and therefore makes them bitter
"Honour" Personal pride for their country without violence
"Joyful" died for a purpose, death not avenged however his memory lives on becomes part of a larger picture
Heaney uses the image of Gunnar within his poem, "disposed like Gunnar" because it makes references to religion. As his death wasn't avenged he is making a statement however it doesn't have to be avenged because they are all part of a larger picture therefore it puts Ireland view into perspectives.
Heaney suggests a return to paganism within his poem through the idea of being buried within a cave ," inside his burial mound"

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1.
"Shouldered"; symbolises the loss of innocence.
"Tainted"; something that's been ruined - violence.
"Shackled"; highlights the power of the church.
"Veined"; personification of the candle.
"Always"; repetitive.
"Soapstone"; don't know
"Glacier"; dangerous

2.

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'Neighbourly murder'
The phrase presented by Heany is an ironic paradox, spanning from the two ideas being opposites and presents connotations of normalisation of murder but also it's significance. The whole premise of murder within communities around Heany is common and typical of his work to mention; but by adding 'neighbourly' adds a more sinister context as it is unexpected of any 'neighbour' to murder one an other.
'Blinded'
The term blinded may have various different meanings. One of these meanings may simply be that the families have closed their curtains out of respect and mourning for the recently diseased which could potentially be due to religion. Lack of light or colour resembles death and mourning.
However, this term also may be a reference to the term 'turn a blind eye'. Inferring the people