# data[].attributes.body
- Bark is scaly and flakes off during fire and takes the fire with it.

- Mature at 40yrs old and live to 300 or 500 years.

- Common death from lightning and subsequent insect attack.

# data[].attributes.body
- There are two different types of fires
Crown fire- More intense, can lead to wild fire, Most often occurs in different forest (sand pine scrub)
Ground Fire - a fire that burns through litter and undergrowth.
What do Fires do?
- Stimulate plants to reproduce.
- expose bare patches of soil.

- Turns litter into ash which contains

phosphorus and nitrogen and other

nutrient needed for plant growth.
- Frequent Fires keep litter at a minimum.

# data[].attributes.body
-  Chapter Two High Pine Grasslands
-   High Pine Grasslands Notes
- High Pine Grasslands Presentation

# data[].attributes.body
Overstory (Canopy) –the tallest trees

Understory (mid) –trees and palms below canopy
Ground cover –grasses, herbs, and shrubs that are closest to the ground

Snag- Is a standing dead tree, they are important to the forest because the bark in the tree becomes softer and it makes it easier for the birds to build their home.
Snag - dead standing tree
The high pine as multiple stages called the "Grass Stages"

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Ranges of Longleaf Pine Systems | America's Longleaf Restoration Initiative

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A series of maps shows the range of longleaf pine systems and locations of significant landscapes.

# data[].attributes.headline
7. What is the importance of wiregrass in the high pine system?

# data[].attributes.subject
7. What is the importance of wiregrass in the high pine system?

# data[].attributes.body
-  they are one of the several native, flammable grasses that spread fire in Florida's Pine grasslands.
-

# data[].attributes.headline
6. What animals can be found in the High Pine system?  Provide specific examples of what we’ve gone over in class.  Describe how each is adapted to the High Pine system? 

# data[].attributes.subject
6. What animals can be found in the High Pine system?  Provide specific examples of what we’ve gone over in class.  Describe how each is adapted to the High Pine system? 

# data[].attributes.body
- common garter snake - they are a native to florida.
- pine bark borer -the beetle breeds in the bark of dead and dying pines and deposits its eggs in them.
- the fox squirrel - the fox squirrel are related to fungi and pine cones and helps to propagate both by spreading theirs spores and seeds.
- red-cockaded woodpecker - it makes cavities in the dead trees of the pine.
- the gopher tortoise - it burrows underground and provides homes for other small animals.

# data[].attributes.headline
5. What environmental services does the High Pine system provide?

# data[].attributes.subject
5. What environmental services does the High Pine system provide?

# data[].attributes.body
- capture carbon dioxide
- store carbon in there tissues, helping to prevent global warming.
- take up water from underground and release it into the air to contribute regional rain fall.
-  absorb heat, moderating the climate
- they keep soil porous and are able to absorb water and prevent runoff
-they immobilize or detoxify pollutants that would otherwise contaminate surface waters
- they serve as a conduit for massive flows of minerals.

# data[].attributes.headline
4. What are the benefits of prescribed fires? What are the costs of wildfires?

# data[].attributes.subject
4. What are the benefits of prescribed fires? What are the costs of wildfires?

# data[].attributes.body
Benefits:
- suppress hardwoods
- help the communities plants to reproduce
- stimulates grasses.
- exposes patches of bare soil which permit new seeds to take root.
Costs:
-  Economic cost: Since 2002 it has costed 3 billion dollars per year.
- Environmental Cost: it destroys homes, habitats of animals, and it pollutes the air that is harmful to human health.

# data[].attributes.headline
3. What is the role of fire in the system? Be very specific. Be sure to describe the difference between ground and crown fires in your response?

# data[].attributes.subject
3. What is the role of fire in the system? Be very specific. Be sure to describe the difference between ground and crown fires in your response?

# data[].attributes.body
- suppress hardwoods
- help the communities plants to reproduce
- stimulates grasses.
- exposes patches of bare soil which permit new seeds to take root.
Ground Fire - a fire that burns through litter and undergrowth.
Crown Fire - is a fire that burns through the top of trees.

# data[].attributes.headline
2. What is the ecological role of the Long Leaf Pine in the High Pine system?

# data[].attributes.subject
2. What is the ecological role of the Long Leaf Pine in the High Pine system?

# data[].attributes.body
- it is good at withstanding hurricanes with its giant roots.
-the longleaf pine is superbly adapted to a fire frequent environment
- can withstand fire as a seedling.
- tolerates soil and infertility so it can grow in the sandy soil of the coastal plains.

# data[].attributes.body
1. How was the High Pine systems like in Pre-Colombian times?  How is it different from today?

- The High Pine systems in Pre-Colombian times were so different that people today don't know what they look like.
- The canopy was open.
- The biggest pines were more than 100 feet tall, straight, and spaced well apart.
- If they were grown to their natural age of 500 years they would 4 feet wide.