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-women were influenced by religious movement and fought for temperance and abolitionist movements
-they were expected to be religious and homemakers

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-families were having fewer children
-children were viewed as the future

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-the National Road or Cumberland Road was the first highway built by federal gov.
-canals competed with railroads
-Manifest Destiny, land developers, railroad magnates, and other investors

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-railroads- flying sparks could set fire to haystacks and houses, brakes didn't function that well

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-Erie Canal-1825 NY State canal that links Lake Erie to Hudson River, lowers shipping costs, increasing profitability of farming in Old Northwest

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-turnpike- privately funded, toil-based public road constructed in early 19th century to facilitate commerce

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-1831, mechanized harvest of grains (wheat), allowing farmers to caltivate larger plots, promote large-scale commercial agriculture in Midwest

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-spinning yarn, weaving cloth, and making candles, soap, butter, and cheese
-factory jobs promised greater economic independence
-Factory girls-young women employed in growing factories of the early 19th century, labored long hours in difficult conditions
-cult of domesticity- married women got greater authority to shape home life but limited opportunities outside the domestic sphere

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-South relied on  cotton
-after factories flourished in New England, they branched out into NY, NJ, and Pennsylvania
-sewing machine- invented by Elias Howe in 1846 and perfected by Isaac Singer, became the foundation for the clothing industry

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-invented by Robert Fulton
-first commercially successfully steamboat, the Clermont (nickname Fulton's Folly)
-steamboats played a vital role in opening the west and south
-provided access to markets at a lower cost in the west for agriculture
-The General Pike

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Canals and Railroads important to Industrialization

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Canals and Railroads important to Industrialization

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-canals connected to main river to make a network of waterways for transporting coal and heavy goods, also moved slow
-places where canals couldn't be dug, mine owners made railroads and provided another way to transport coal and other goods

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-poorly fed, ill-clad, housed in shanties, victims of disease, depression, and premature death
-women- cut off from human contact
-Americans- ill-informed, superstitious, provincial, and individualistic

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-army of muscular axmen triumphantly carving civilization out of the western woods