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Monroe Doctrine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KYRepV9IQU
Andrew Jackson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sd-ENcK-N0

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Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States. During Jackson's presidency, he kicked out many Republicans and replaced them with people from his party. This was called the spoils system from the saying "to the victor belong the spoils of war." The next thing that happened during his presidency was the nullification crisis. Congress passed a law that raised tariffs on imported goods like cloth and glass. Southerns felt that this law favored the North and refused to follow it. Jackson signed a law in 1832 that would lower tariffs. Andrew Jackson felt that the national bank benefitted rich eastern businessmen rather than farmers, workers, and smaller state banks. Jackson vetoed the renewal of the national bank and gave all of the money to state banks. The Indian Removal Act was the removal on Indians in Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina, Florida and Tennessee. The law gave the federal government the power to make treaties with the Natives where they would voluntarily give up their land in exchange for land in the west, but that didn't happen. Many were forced off of their land. The Indians walked along the Trail of Tears where many got sick and died.

Caption: This is Andrew Jackson. Born in 1767 and died in 1845

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James Monroe was the fifth president of the United States. The Monroe Doctrine established the foreign policy of the US regarding the Western Hemisphere. The Monroe Doctrine stated that European countries could not start new colonies or interfere with independent countries and the US would not interfere with existing European colonies nor get involved with conflicts. Many European denounced Monroe's message as arrogant. This gave America national pride and took away European rule in North and South America. In the beginning Florida was owned by Spain and had a diverse population consisting of Indians, ex-slaves, Spanish Colonists, and English traders. Slaves would run away from Georgia slave owners. The Spanish wouldn't return the slaves so the slave owners would get really mad. Also, the Indians would raid plantations which would make the slave owners even more mad. Another thing that happened while James Monroe was in office was that Henry Clay proposed the second national bank. He also created roads and canals for transportation. With the new land gained form the Louisiana Territory, new states were made. Missouri applied to become a slave state, the only problem is that there would be an uneven amount of free and slave states. Luckily Maine applied to be a free state which solved the problem of there being an uneven amount.

Caption: This is James Monroe. Born in 1758 and died in 1831.

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James Madison was the fourth president of the United States. While James Madison was president, the War of 1812 broke out. The cause was that Britain had given Indians weapons to use during the battles against American and the British kept impressing our ships. At the end of the War of 1812, both sides had claimed victory but neither really won. Indian resistance in the Northwest weakened, national pride in the US surged, and the Federalist party died.

Caption: This is James Madison. Born in 1751 and died in 1836.

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Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States. Before Jefferson was president, John Adams appointed 58 people for positions in the federal government. John Marshall was told to deliver the paperwork to these people so they could start their jobs. Marshall delivered most of them and left the rest for James Madison to deliver. Jefferson told Madison not to deliver the rest of the papers. One of the people who didn't receive their paper work was William Maybury. Maybury sued Madison and tried to get the Supreme Court to issue a court order of mandamus. The court ruled that they could not the court order because that power was outside of the Constitution. This Supreme Court case is very important because this was the first time the Supreme Court had ever used the power of Judicial Rule. While Jefferson was president, the Louisiana Territory was in France's control. France gave the territory to Spain who gave it back to France. In 1803, Robert Livingston and James Monroe arrived in France to buy the Louisiana Territory. They bought the whole thing for $15 million dollars. As time goes on Americans start moving west onto this territory and we create more states. In 1803, Great Britain and France went to war. Britain and France tried to cut off trade to the other country and began to seize American ships. Britain impressed soldiers also. Jefferson tried ending this problem with the Embargo Act of 1807. The Embargo Act forbade Americans to import and export goods. This would hurt Britain and France but it hurt America more, sailors lost their jobs, farmers couldn't ship goods and ordinary citizens were unable to receive goods.

Caption: This is Thomas Jefferson. Born in 1743 and died in 1826.

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John Adams was the second president of the United States. During his presidency, he sent representatives to France to ask them to quit attacking our ships. When they got there 3 unknown agents who we called X, Y, and Z. They wanted a large sum of money in exchange for protection. Another thing that happened while Adams was president was the Alien and Sedition Acts. People argued that these laws were needed as a protection against foreigners who might threaten the United States. The first law lengthened the time it took for a noncitizen to become a citizen with the right to vote, from 5 to 14 years. The second and third laws allowed the president to either jail or deport noncitizens who were suspected of activities that threatened the government. The fourth law made sedition a crime. The election of 1800 was between Thomas Jefferson with Aaron Burr as his vice president and John Adams with Charles Pinckney as the vice president. The result was a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, this tie went to the House of Representatives. When the House voted it was another tie. Finally, Alexander Hamilton told his supporters to vote for Jefferson. The 12th amendment was created to prevent ties during elections.

Caption: This is John Adams. Born in 1735 and died in 1826

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George Washington was the first president of the United States. He was also the Commander-in-Chief for the Continental Army. When George Washington was president he created a cabinet, a foreign policy of Neutrality and Isolationism. The cabinet consisted of Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State, Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of Treasury, and Henry Knox as Secretary of War. The foreign policy of Neutrality was that the United States would not help either France or Britain in there war against each other. Isolationism is Washington's policy on avoiding alliances with other countries. George Washington only served 2 terms which every president besides Franklin D. Roosevelt who served 4 consecutive terms.

Caption: This George Washington. Born in 1732 and died in 1799.