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The emergence of the Progressive Party in 1912 shows that women had a major role in the political process of the Fourth American Party System. Their main goal was to gain suffrage for women, or the right to vote. They tended to form auxiliaries with other political parties as well.

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The period of the fourth party system was dominated by the republicans. The first half of this period included presidents such as Taft, Roosevelt, and Mckinley. In 1912, progressive democratic president Woodrow Wilson was elected and served two terms. In the remaining twelve years of the fourth party systems the United States had republican presidents. The next democratic president was Franklin Roosevelt, whose presidency served as the transition to a new party system.

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Civil service legislation, led by Rutherford B. Hayes, was aimed at reforming corruption in government. one of the biggest goals of civil service legislation was reforming the spoils system. New leaders anted to appoint officials based on merit rather than handing people positions.

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The main issues of the third party system were slavery and reconstruction. Those issues were eventually settled, leaving an opening for new issues to be discussed.These issues included rapidly increasing American industrialization and cities as well as immigration.

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Led the Democratic party and attempted to build a coalition of rural and urban voters by proposing a larger, more active federal government and other policies that would help these groups. He was never elected president, but the issues he stood for divided the major parties and defined the debate in Washington for decades.

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In the late 1800s, political machines became more common, with the goal of gaining political power to enrich part leaders workers, and citizen supporters. An excellent example of this would be Tammany Hall in NYC. William "Boss" Tweed was the head of this political machine that engaged in campaign endorsements and political corruption.

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At the turn of the century, the nation was in a period of economic industrialization. Factories were growing larger and more dynamic while small farmers were losing their livelihoods.