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The centriole is a small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way. There are nine groups of microtubules. Sort of like how the city council is responsible for keeping the city in order, the position of the the nucleus determines the position of the nucleus and plays a crucial role in the spatial arrangement of the cell.

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(animal cells only)

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Cilia and flagella are motile and designed either to move the cell itself or to move substances over or around the cell. Just like cars and taxis, cilia and flagella are responsible for the movement of the cell and their wheels are like the cilia because they control the path of the car.

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(cilia rare in plant cells)

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The cytoskeleton is made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments. Although this gives cell its shape and help organize the cell's parts, the cytoskeleton also serves as a multi cellular transportation of vesicles and organelles. This transport system is like the brooklyn bridge in which they help transport people from place to place like the cytoskeleton does

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15. Cytoskeleton is like the Brooklyn bridge

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15. Cytoskeleton is like the Brooklyn bridge

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(both plant/animal

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Chloroplasts are organelles that use solar energy to produce organic molecules. The function of chloroplasts in a plant cell are to perform photosynthesis by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide and create energy for the cell. This is similar to how solar panels convert the sun's solar energy into chemical energy.

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(only plant cells)

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Known as the "Powerhouse of the cell", mitochondria are like power plants. The mitochondria are responsible for combining sugars and oxygen particles to form energy through a process called ATP. One of the main functions of the mitochondria is cellular respiration and energy generation, just like how power plants do to generate electricity that are extremely useful in our everyday lives.

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13. Mitochondrion are like the Power Plants

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13. Mitochondrion are like the Power Plants

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(both plant/animal cell)

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Peroxisomes, similar to lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that hat contain enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic reactions. They are basically responsible for protein synthesis. Like waste collectors clean up the streets of waste, peroxisomes are alike in the way they clean up the cell by oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids.

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12. Peroxisomes are like the city's waste collectors

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12. Peroxisomes are like the city's waste collectors

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(both plant/animal cell)

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The vacuole is a membranous sac (larger than a vesicle) that is filled with watery fluid that provides support to the cell. Like a food bank would supply food and water to people, the vacuole stores not only waters, but sugars, salts, pigments, and toxic molecules. Vesicles, just like vacuoles, store energy and liquids for the cell. All these food and nutrients from the vacuole/vasicle help the cell survive, just like a food bank would to those who need it.

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11. Vacuoles/vesicles are like the local food bank

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11. Vacuoles/vesicles are like the local food bank

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(both plant/animal cells)

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Lysosomes are like the garbage disposal trucks. Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus in the cytoplasm. They contain degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane that digest all sorts of molecules. Just like how a garbage truck dismantles and gets rid of trash, lysosomes act as the disposal system for the cell. They break down complex proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and other macromolecules into simpler compounds.

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10. Lysosomes are the Garbage disposal trucks

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10. Lysosomes are the Garbage disposal trucks

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(only plant cell)

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The Golgi apparatus can be referred to as the airport. The Golgi apparatus is composed of small membranous sacs responsible for the processing and distribution of materials such as proteins and lipids, sort of like how the airport organizes and processes people and their luggages for their flights.

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9. Golgi Apparatus is like the JFK International Airport

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9. Golgi Apparatus is like the JFK International Airport

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(both plant/animal cells)

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The smooth ER could be characterized as the organizer of internal activities. The membranes of the smooth ER contain many embedded enzymes and is it's function is for the various lipid synthesis' in some cells. Enzymes anchored inside the ER catalyze the synthesis of a variety of carbohydrates and lipids(ex.testosterone production). Processing plants are similar to the smooth ER because they can be where protein, fat, and oily foods are made, packaged, and sent off to different places for use.

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8. Smooth ER is like the Processing plants 

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8. Smooth ER is like the Processing plants 

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(both plant/animals cells)

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The rough ER can be referred to as the Grand Central station. The rough ER is responsible for the folding, modification, and transport of proteins, just like how people use the subway trains as a transport system. The people that meet or wait at the station are like the ribosomes that are studded on the side of the cell membrane, where the processing and modification begin.

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7. Rough ER is like the Grand Central Station 

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7. Rough ER is like the Grand Central Station 

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(both plant/animal cell)

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The endoplasmic reticulum is like the subway station. The subway trains station are rapid transit railroads that helps people get from place to place, just like the endoplasmic reticulum does as it is like the cell's transport system and is also responsible for the production of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's organelles.

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6. Endoplasmic Reticulum is like NYC subways 

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6. Endoplasmic Reticulum is like NYC subways 

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(both plant/animals cells)

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Ribosomes are like the cell's very own protein factory. Ribosomes are made up of protein and RNA in two subunits (small and large). Ribosomes are reponsible for the synthesis of preoteins using messenger RNA as a template. They are oganelles that help manufacture proteins that perform all sorts of functions for the cell's operation much like how factory workers help make useful consumer products for our society.

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(both plant/animals cells)

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The nucleolus is the very much like the mayors office in our city, inside of city hall. Its main function is to form ribosomal subunits (rRNA) in eukaryotic cells. The nucleolus controls the executive activity within the nucleus of the cell and is a concentrated area of chromatin, RNA and protein. This can be compared to the mayor of the city who controls and has the power to veto the rest of the politicians and executives in the City Hall.

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(both plant/animals cells)

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The City Hall is the destination that holds all of the city's information. Like the city hall, the nucleus not only stores all genetic information (synthesis of DNA/RNA), but it also manages the characteristics and is essentially the control center of the entire cell. Similarly, the City hall monitors and controls the activities in a city and is able control certain aspects of the city/society.

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(both plant/animals cells)

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2. Cell membrane is like the Border security officers

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2. Cell membrane is like the Border security officers

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(both plant/animals cells)

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Border security officers protects the citizens of New York from danger by keeping illegal/harmful weapons and dangerous people out. The cell membrane, just like the border security officers, selectively choose who and what enters the city/cell. The Cell membrane prevents harmful substances and only lets in certain materials (ex.oxygen) that are vital for the cell's survival.

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The cell wall is like the border secuirty/customs. The border crossing controls who and what enters and exits the city. It protects the city from any potential harm, very much like how the cell wall protects the internal structures of the cell from harmful substances as well as keeping the inside structures safe, preventing them from venturing out into potential danger.

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(plant cells only)