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the community was broken up into different houses

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Ann Lee

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they got the name 'shakers' from the way they danced to celebrate Christ

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some of its community members

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John Humphey

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part of their income was based on silver utensils

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things costed you time, so however much time you had worked would essentially be your money

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Robert Owens

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New Harmony

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they tried to self-sustain by farming

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Brook Farm

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George Ripley

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- its founder was John Humphey
- John was not very religious but one day he humbled himself to god and became a believer
- he thought that perfection could be attained by inner salvation
- the community must be communist economically.
- All the members were equal, and each had a job that help to support the community as a whole
- the community failed because the original founders were getting old and dying
- the younger people didn't agree with the rules for example some of them wanted to get married which was not allowed
- also many questions arose about the practices and when they should be initiated on children

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- Ann Lee is the founder
- they came looking for a more personal and emotional religion
- they believed in Christ's Second Appearing
- and believed that Ann was the second appearance of god on earth
- each member had specific jobs and were trained to do them
- there are still shakers awaiting the reappearance
- Shakers formed celibate communities with a lifestyle that was strictly controlled through a system of regulations
- although the community did thrive at first many of its members began to feel that the rules were too much
- this led to its decline
- the shakers community is one of the most successful utopias

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- Robert Owens the founder of New Harmony, Indiana in 1825
- he purchased the Harmony land and buildings from the Rappites
- his goal was establish a place based on the principle of ethics and not religion
- the purpose was to allow everyone an education and abolish social classes
- along with himself Owens brought some of the most progressive European educators and scientists
- it was meant to provide social equality among everyone
- what attracted people here was the focus on education and the advancements wanting to be made
- the utopia fell apart because there were clashes between the views of how the community should be ran
- also since the community was not based on religion or anything tying them all together it was hard for them to stay united because they didn't have that link between them

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-Founded and created by George Ripley in Massachusetts
-Began april of 1841
-Ripley left his church in search of his own where he could be honest and faithful
-became a point of contact between transcendentalist and radical social critics
-people went for individual freedom, humane relationships, harmony, merging of values ideas and spiritual matters
- this utopia failed because it was in debt and started applying more rigid rules against the wishes of its members, which went against the original purpose of individual freedom