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What are the different types of comets?

The classification of comets is an ongoing process. Comets can be distinguished by their orbits, which vary qwildly. A comet can be either a long-period comet or a short-period comet, depending on whether its orbit is shorter than 200 years. Long-period comets are on paths that take them out past the solar system's planets before they return.

Scientists suspect that long-period comets originated in the Oort Cloud — located on the edge of our solar system — whereas short-period comets broke free from the Kuiper Belt, Pluto's home. Objects can break free from these areas when gravitational changes occur.

For example, Comet Hyakutake, seen in 1996, is a long-period comet. According to SPACE.com, "It will be a long, long time before Hyakutake makes the journey near Earth again; one NASA prediction from 1996 said it would be 14,000 years before the comet arrives again, but accounts vary due to the uncertainty of predicting the comet's trajectory."

Halley's Comet is a famous example of a short-period comet with an orbit of just 75 or 76 years. Speaking of Halley's Comet, there are thought to be two subgroups of short-period comets, Halley-type comets and Jupiter-type comets. According to Swinburne University in Australia, the difference between these two types of comets is that Halley-type comets have orbits that are "highly inclined to the ecliptic" and likely come from the Oort Cloud, whereas Jupiter-type comets are more affected by the gravity of Jupiter and originate from the Kuiper Belt. This suggests that long-period comets could become short-period comets depending on how planetary gravity shapes their orbits.

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Comets begin as a mixture of ice and dust and end up losing their ice and gases each time they orbit around the sun. They come from the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud. After around 500 passes, they lose most of their ice and gas content and eventually turn into something close to an asteroid.

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a celestial body moving about the sun, usually in a highly eccentric orbit, consisting of a central mass surrounded by an envelope of dust and gas that may form a tail that streams away from the sun.

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Defention