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Vertical Integration:A company's taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over the quality and cost of its product.	

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Vertical Integration:A company's taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over the quality and cost of its product.	

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Transcontinental Railroad: A railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States, completed in 1869.

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Social Darwinism:An economic and social philosophy - supposedly based on the biologist Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection - holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest.	

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Social Darwinism:An economic and social philosophy - supposedly based on the biologist Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection - holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest.	

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Sherman Antitrust Act: A law, enacted in 1890, that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade.	

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Sherman Antitrust Act: A law, enacted in 1890, that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade.	

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Munn v. Illinois: An 1877 case in which the Supreme Court upheld states' regulation of railroads for the benefit of farmers and consumers, thus establishing the right of government to regulate private industry to serve the public interest.	

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Munn v. Illinois: An 1877 case in which the Supreme Court upheld states' regulation of railroads for the benefit of farmers and consumers, thus establishing the right of government to regulate private industry to serve the public interest.	

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Interstate Commerce Act: Is a United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates.

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Interstate Commerce Act: Is a United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates.

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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW): A labor organization for unskilled workers, formed by a group of radical unionists and socialists in 1905.	

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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW): A labor organization for unskilled workers, formed by a group of radical unionists and socialists in 1905.	

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Horizontal Integration:  Is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. A company may do this via internal expansion, acquisition or merger.

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Horizontal Integration:  Is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. A company may do this via internal expansion, acquisition or merger.

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Credit Mobilier: A construction company formed in 1864 by owners of the Union Pacific Railroad, who used it to fraudulently skim off railroad profits for themselves.	

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Credit Mobilier: A construction company formed in 1864 by owners of the Union Pacific Railroad, who used it to fraudulently skim off railroad profits for themselves.	

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Bessemer Process: A cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850.	

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Bessemer Process: A cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850.	

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American Federation of Labor (AFL)	: An alliance of trade and craft unions, formed in 1886.

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American Federation of Labor (AFL)	: An alliance of trade and craft unions, formed in 1886.