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An Irish-American schoolteacher who became a prominent labor and community organizer. Co-founded the Industrial Workers of the World.

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A labor organization for unskilled workers, formed by a group of radical unionists and socialists in 1905.

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An American Union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World.

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An alliance of trade and craft unions, formed in 1886.

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An English-born American cigar maker who became a Georgist labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history.

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A law, enacted in 1890, that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade.

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American businessman and philanthropist who was the co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry.

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An economic and social philosophy - supposedly based on the biologist Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection - holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest.

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The merging of companies that make similar products.

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A company's taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over the quality and cost of its product.

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Scottish American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century.

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A law enacted in 1887, that established the federal government's right to supervise railroad activities and created a five-member Interstate Commerce Commission to do so.

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An 1877 case in which the Supreme Court upheld states' regulation of railroads for the benefit of farmers and consumers, thus establishing the right of government to regulate private industry to serve the public interest.

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A construction company formed in 1864 by owners of the Union Pacific Railroad, who used it to fraudulently skim off railroad profits for themselves.

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American engineer and industrialist who manufactured the Pullman sleeping car.

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A railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States, completed in 1869.

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Scottish born scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone.

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American inventor who invented the first practical typewriter and the QWERTY keyboard still in use today.

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American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the electric light bulb.

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A cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850.

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The first man to successfully drill for oil.