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The grouping of all Muslims being radical has been a hot topic after 9/11. In the recent years this issue has been brought back up due to the Syrian refugee crisis. America has this notion that most if not all Muslims are radical, which is not true. The classification of Muslims based on the fact they are radical is simply illogical. The Muslim population in the United States is 1 percent or roughly 3.5 million(  US census    ) making them already so small that their population would have trouble making any sort of threat against the massive 330 million in the United States. Also about half (49 percent) of Americans classify Muslims as “anti-American” (Pew Research Center) while only 50 deaths have resulted in terrorism since 2002 (CNN). So then thought that Muslims are radical and are terrorists is based not on facts but on the stereotypes that are ingrained in American minds that Muslims are terrorists making it unfair to limit the immigration based on them being radical.

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Having equal educational opportunity means that people of all backgrounds must be receiving the same education as others. Equal education has been a problem for the U.S. for a long time, and is now presenting itself by creating segregated schools with underprivileged minorities. In the United States, schools are “rapidly resegregating – a function of widening disparities of wealth, entrenched housing patterns and policies, and disparate allocations of funding by government at all level” (The Washington Post 1). This exemplifies how many students throughout the United States are being segregated based on their upbringings and schools are not receiving money from the government. Furthermore, students with unfortunate backgrounds, concerning wealth and race, are not receiving the same classes as others due to government funding issues. A report from the GAO found that “… less than half of the mostly poor, mostly minority schools offered AP math courses” because of “inequitable resource distributions” by the government (FARS News Agency 2). This just shows how these schools are not able to give as many rigorous classes as other schools due their funding from the government. Lastly, many students from disadvantaged backgrounds are going to school together. In another report by the GAO, it states that “more than 20 million students of color [are] now attending racially and socioeconomically isolated public schools” which leads to improper education because of “resource disparities” that hurts students of low-income and of color (FARS News Agency 1). The report explains how many underprivileged minorities in the public K-12 school system today in the U.S. are attending schools together in segregated arrangement. In conclusion, students from poor and minority backgrounds are not being given the same education opportunities as others in the United States because of disparity in funding from the U.S. government and the segregation of their schools.

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Homophobia is a prominent issue in society, but it is now accompanied by a lesser known term describing the dislike and discrimination of sexualities other than heterosexuality. Heterosexism is the view that “heterosexual relationships, social arrangements,” and other aspects of heterosexuality are “ideal, and are thus superior” to other sexualities (Hopkins 1). This state of mind is somewhat different from homophobia, which is defined as the irrational fear and hatred of homosexuals (Hopkins 4). Heterosexism comes with the belief that gender, gender roles, anatomy, and other components of gender should stay within the two categories of male and female, and anyone who doesn’t pertain to this ideology is seen as “immoral”, or their sexuality is seen as a “disadvantage” (Hopkins 3).

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How do people attack people of color; mentally, emotionally, physically?

Race itself is not an issue, it's how people respond to it that is.  Everyday racism somehow shows up even when we don't want it to and it can be anything from “stares from passersby” to “spoken or unspoken judgments from others” but they still all show that still today people are racist(Courtney Martin).  Some people choose to embrace that race is part of the cause of all the violence whereas some people choose to believe race has nothing to do with it.  In 2014 Obama said “police brutality is an issue that impacts everyone and should not be about race" Obama believes police brutality is it's own problem that needs too be dealt with(Paul Watson).

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    Everyone belongs to a socioeconomic status, and belonging to these certain groups can change how your life goes later in life. For instance, schools that belong to lower socioeconomic status neighborhoods have been producing students that have a lower learning curve in the same amount of academic progress, when in comparison to high socioeconomic status schools. Between schools of high and low socioeconomic status the gap in academic growth “had grown so that the students from poor  families are approximately two grade levels behind in verbal and one and a half years behind in math” (Davis 2). Students that leave school with a higher academic growth, than that of other schools, are better prepared for their future and leave the poor academic growth students in the dust. Also, a lot of people who have been born into a poor socioeconomic status have been known to stay in that same socioeconomic status. According to Steven J. Markovich, author of  “Inequality is Higher in the U.S. than Elsewhere”, states that 40%  of people who have been born into low-income families will stay there as they continue their adulthood (Markovich 4). This reinforces the fact that those who are born into a low socioeconomic status can be affected later in life for the worse just because of their inability to get higher up in status.

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    Everyone belongs to a socioeconomic status, and belonging to these certain groups can change how your life goes later in life. For instance, schools that belong to lower socioeconomic status neighborhoods have been producing students that have a lower learning curve in the same amount of academic progress, when in comparison to high socioeconomic status schools. Between schools of high and low socioeconomic status the gap in academic growth “had grown so that the students from poor  families are approximately two grade levels behind in verbal and one and a half years behind in math” (Davis 2). Students that leave school with a higher academic growth, than that of other schools, are better prepared for their future and leave the poor academic growth students in the dust. Also, a lot of people who have been born into a poor socioeconomic status have been known to stay in that same socioeconomic status. According to Steven J. Markovich, author of  “Inequality is Higher in the U.S. than Elsewhere”, states that 40%  of people who have been born into low-income families will stay there as they continue their adulthood (Markovich 4). This reinforces the fact that those who are born into a low socioeconomic status can be affected later in life for the worse just because of their inability to get higher up in status.

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Many students remain uneducated in the topic of microaggressions. Citizens would think that since it is the twenty-first century, students have addressed this problem, but the truth is that many students do not even know what the word means. Microaggressions are small comments that  a student might hear in a school hallway or in the whispers exchanged by their peers in class when they aren’t supposed to be talking. They are racial stereotypes that a bypasser might shrug off or a listener might laugh at, but really, they are no laughing matter. They are indirect comments of racism that suggest discrimination and are used by students in everyday conversations, even when talking about that one math assignment due the next day. Dr. Chester M. Pierce first thought of the word in the 1970s, so it is a relatively new  word in the vocabulary of many English speakers (Vega 2). When Dr. Derald W. Sue wrote an entire book about this topic in  2007, the word blew up and  more people realized how much of a problem it was (2). This type of publicity is what the word needs in order to solve the the issue. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Many students remain uneducated in the topic of microaggressions. Citizens would think that since it is the twenty-first century, students have addressed this problem, but the truth is that many students do not even know what the word means. Microaggressions are small comments that  a student might hear in a school hallway or in the whispers exchanged by their peers in class when they aren’t supposed to be talking. They are racial stereotypes that a bypasser might shrug off or a listener might laugh at, but really, they are no laughing matter. They are indirect comments of racism that suggest discrimination and are used by students in everyday conversations, even when talking about that one math assignment due the next day. Dr. Chester M. Pierce first thought of the word in the 1970s, so it is a relatively new  word in the vocabulary of many English speakers (Vega 2). When Dr. Derald W. Sue wrote an entire book about this topic in  2007, the word blew up and  more people realized how much of a problem it was (2). This type of publicity is what the word needs in order to solve the the issue. 

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A hate crime can be motivated by racial, religious, gender, sexual orientation, and any other prejudice. Hate crimes were passed by legislatures in the late 1980s and early 1990s, after noticing the studies indicated an increase in crimes that were motivated by prejudice (Phelps and Lehman 1). In the article Phelps and Lehman write “Hate crimes are based, at least in part, on the defendant’s belief regarding a particular status of the victim”, saying that they are based on the belief the defendant has about the victim's belief (Phelps and Lehman 1). The definition of hate crime will vary from state to state, because each state will have their own opinions. At approximately 30 states and the federal government has some form of a hate crime statute (Phelps and Lehman 1). 

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A hate crime can be motivated by racial, religious, gender, sexual orientation, and any other prejudice. Hate crimes were passed by legislatures in the late 1980s and early 1990s, after noticing the studies indicated an increase in crimes that were motivated by prejudice (Phelps and Lehman 1). In the article Phelps and Lehman write “Hate crimes are based, at least in part, on the defendant’s belief regarding a particular status of the victim”, saying that they are based on the belief the defendant has about the victim's belief (Phelps and Lehman 1). The definition of hate crime will vary from state to state, because each state will have their own opinions. At approximately 30 states and the federal government has some form of a hate crime statute (Phelps and Lehman 1). 

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    Women have always been seen as inferior to men and since public schools have been around, girls have faced discrimination with dress codes. With dress code policies, schools have basically said that girls are simply just a distraction to boys and can hinder their learning experience. According to the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network’s 2013 National School Climate Survey, 19% of the 7,800 middle and high school students surveyed around the world said that they have been prevented from wearing clothing considered “inappropriate” based on their gender (Sorto 3). In Staten Island, over 200 students, most being female, got detentions over dress code violations (3). Maggie Sunseri, a middle-schooler from Kentucky, is one of the many young women to take a stand against these sexist dress code policies. She told The Atlantic “my principal constantly says that the main reason for [it] is to create a ‘distraction-free learning zone’ for our male counterparts” (Zhou 5). It’s one thing for the policies to be written in a handbook, but once a person of authority enforces it, the severity of the problem changes. Dress code policies constantly embarrass young girls and make them feel less significant than their male peers.   

# data[].attributes.subject
    Women have always been seen as inferior to men and since public schools have been around, girls have faced discrimination with dress codes. With dress code policies, schools have basically said that girls are simply just a distraction to boys and can hinder their learning experience. According to the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network’s 2013 National School Climate Survey, 19% of the 7,800 middle and high school students surveyed around the world said that they have been prevented from wearing clothing considered “inappropriate” based on their gender (Sorto 3). In Staten Island, over 200 students, most being female, got detentions over dress code violations (3). Maggie Sunseri, a middle-schooler from Kentucky, is one of the many young women to take a stand against these sexist dress code policies. She told The Atlantic “my principal constantly says that the main reason for [it] is to create a ‘distraction-free learning zone’ for our male counterparts” (Zhou 5). It’s one thing for the policies to be written in a handbook, but once a person of authority enforces it, the severity of the problem changes. Dress code policies constantly embarrass young girls and make them feel less significant than their male peers.   

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https://padlet.com/lbauman1/i2r7vxplin2z