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As more markets turned into major corporations, laissez faire was seen as an appropriate way of letting businesses run their own companies. This caused the government to have seemingly less power than the big corporations, letting their power get out of hand.

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The Gilded Age sparked cultural change in this unit. Social Darwinism (the idea that the strongest of the fittest will survive) became a popular mindset. The Gospel of Wealth the idea to help the less fortunate and improve societies) were what the business leaders sought the wealthy to owe to America. Also, many artists and critics had different ideas on how the American economy and society should be ran, including their ideas of Gospel.

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This was the nation's first immigrational ban by race and nationality. This act prohibited the Chinese from becoming an American citizen and banned any Chinese immigration for ten years. Even with this act, which resulted from the increase in immigration and the Americans creating a racial hatred towards immigrants, riots remained continuous against the Chinese.

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This Panic was caused by international economic problems and led to a national depression. Consequently, the Resumption Act of 1875 was passed by Congress to create a compensatory deflationary pressure that would cause a general decline in prices.

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Over 2 million immigrants, mostly from Europe, arrived in the US. Many were German, Irish, Scandinavian, and British. This caused many Americans to be threatened as they were taking more jobs and many conflicts arose from the Americans being upset with the immigrants.

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Transcontinental Railroad Completed (1869) 

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Transcontinental Railroad Completed (1869) 

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The first transcontinental railroad was complete connecting the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific. This project was very expensive, but caused the US to recruit Chinese and European workers to help construct allowing foreigners into the US.

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Alaska was negotiated from Russia by William Seward, the Secretary of State to the US for 7.2 million. It was full of natural resources.

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A republican president who was president when the Sherman Anti-trust Act (1890) was enacted and the Populist Party (1891) was established. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890) occurred under Harrison and the NAWASA was formed. Held the Pan-American Conference (1889)

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A democratic president who opposed high tariffs, imperialism, inflation, and Free Silver. Under his presidency, federal government issued the Interstate Commerce Act (1887). The federal government, under Cleveland, enacted the Dawes General Allotment Act (1887). In his second term, the Panic of 1893, Pullman Strike (1894), Coxey's Army (1894), and the Atlanta Compromise (1895) were developments made under his presidency.

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A member of the Republican party. He vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Rivers and Harbor Act in 1882.

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A member of the Republican party who was president during the Compromise of 1877. The Standard Oil Trust, the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, and the Farmers' Alliance were developments under his reign.

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Grant was a member of the Republican party and ratified the 15th Amendment in 1870. He helped develop the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 along with the Panic of 1873, Carnegie Steel, and the Knights of Labor in 1969.

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He established the 14th Amendment in 1868. Under his presidency, the Ku Klux Klan was developed. He made aided the Alaska Purchase in 1867.

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As technological advancements were made, as well as creating new large-scale production methods and establishing new markets, a rise in industrial capitalism in the US resulted from these new improvements in American life. After the Civil War, new markets were established in North America as more ways of transportations were created, such as the transcontinental railroad. With more access to natural resources being collected, more businesses grew from their markets and expanded. Despite wages increasing, the gap between the poor and rich grew, as well as big corporations and their power. All of this resulted in laissez faire or the "invisible hand". This was where the government would let the businesses run how they would like, resulting in an excess amount of power in politics and the economy.

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Immigration increased from 1871-1880. As European immigrants traveled into the US, a growing conflict arose amongst the citizens. The Americans developed a resentment towards the immigrants as more jobs were being "taken" from the Americans and given to foreigners. Many riots and protests against the immigrants rose and sparked a lot of violence, changing the American identity, by behaving in a very racist manner against the immigrants and discriminating against them. One example of a major result from these violent discriminatory acts would be the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. This act was a way of regulating migration and settling the violent disruptions caused by the Americans. This did not help because the violent still continued, marking a significant change in the way Americans though about immigrants.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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This era begins with the end of the Civil War in 1865 and ended with the Spanish American War. During this time, the US had begun to transform into an agricultural and industrial society