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Learners in this stage may know up to 500 words in the language they are learning; however, they are not really speaking yet. They may repeat what they hear, or "parrot". In this stage, learners need a lot of repetition. They will benefit from listening comprehension practice.

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In this phase, students can speak in 1 to 2 word phrases and they may know up to 1,000 words. During this stage, try to ask the learner yes or no questions. Use pictures to help support language acquisition. You should also focus on key vocabulary with the learner.

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Students know up to 3,000 words in this phase, and they can communicate with simple phrases and sentences. Their grammar may not be perfect yet in this stage. In this stage, students can do content work with support.

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Students know about 6.000 words in this stage. They can use more complex sentences while speaking and writing. They are able to ask questions when they don't understand something. They should be able to work on grade-level math and science work with some support. The comprehension of reading and social studies is also increasing, but they will still need support. Students writing in this stage will have many spelling and grammatically mistakes as they continue to learn.

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It takes 4 to 10 years for students to reach this phase. In this stage, students can complete grade-level content without language support. Usually students will be exited from the ESL program when they reach stage 5. Students may still need some support at the beginning of this stage in social studies and writing.

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Word walls and labels are helpful for ELL students.

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Give ELL students the opportunity to participate in partner or group work, so they can hear English from their peers.

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Stay encouraging, but give feedback if a student is making errors.

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Making Classrooms More Inclusive for Multilingual Learners

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Scaffolding Literacy Instruction for ELL Students

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Scaffolding Literacy Instruction for ELL Students

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Scaffolding Literacy Instruction for English Language Learners

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Differentiating Instruction: A Guide for Teaching English-Language Learners

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Engaging Parents of English-Language Learners