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Contraception allows couples to have sex with a less possible chance of pregancy to occur. The methods used to prevent pregnancy are not always 100% and so cenception and pregnancy can still occur. There are 3 types on contraception methods, barrier, hormonal and sterilisation

Contraception can occur in a form of device, medication or even surgery. Although there are some natural methods such as knowing which time a women is nmost fertile and not having sex during this period. The most commonly used form of contraception is the pill and the male condom. Other methods include diaphragms, IUD, implants, injections, sterilisation, vaginal ring and also natural fertility methods.

IUD can cause mood changes acne, headaches, breast tenderness and other side affects. Condoms and diaphragms are made of latex and can cause an allergic reaction to some people. Spermicide used with diaphragms may irratate the vagina causing a possibility of infections or toxic-shock sydrome. Possible side affects of all hormal methods include, brakthrough bleeding, nausea, increase of weight, headaches, mood swings, fatigue and high blood pressure. It has also been linked with an increased risk of certain cancers such as breast cancer, cervical cancer. With natural fertility methods there are no side affects as these do not use any chemicals or devices.

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HIV/AIDS is a huge public health concern. Although Africa only contains a small proportion of the world’s population, 88% live with HIV and lots die from it. It is evident that 24 million people live with HIV in Africa. Money is a problem when it comes to finding a cure for AIDS since there is simply not enough money; although, there are strong and effective programs that prevent AIDS. In 1959, a scientist identified AIDS and later discovered a link between HIV and AIDS. HIV/AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease and have several factors thatcontribute such as, seminal and vaginal fluids, saliva, through blood and through skin to skin contact. In Africa, people are living below the poverty line at $2.21 AUD per day, which allows the only option of free treatment. Every day in Africa, HIV/AIDS kills 6,300 people and 8,500 are infected with the virus. 1,400 newborn babies are infected with HIV.AIDs during childbirth or their mother’s milk.

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An STI are more well known as gonorrhoea, chlamydia, pubic lice, hepatitis B, HIV, HPV, genital herpes, syphilis. They can be transmitted through seminal and vaginal fluids, saliva, through blood and through skin to skin contact. STI’s can either be viral, bacterial or parasitical. In SA 3837 people have Chlamydia, 369 people have Gonorrhoea, 38 people have syphilis, 52 have HIV and 9 have hepatitis B. Syphilis, Chlamydia and gonorrhoea are all curable, although genital herpes, HPV, HIV and hepatitis B can be treated but not cured.

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Pregancy has three trimesters, each containing specfic developments of the fetus. The first trimester lasts from 0 - 13 weeks, this is the most crucial period because the baby develops their body structure and their organ system. The female body goes uder major changes during this period, these can cause syptoms such as nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness and frequent urination.

The seccond trimester last from 27 to 40 weeks, often known as the golden period. This is because many of the unpleasant side affects of the early stages of pregnancy disappear. Symptoms that are likely to be experienced in the seccond trimester are nausea, better sleep patterns and an increase in energy levels. However there are other symtoms that occur such as back and abdominal pain, cramps and heart burn. During this period between 16 and 20 weeks you may also experience the baby's first movements.

Lastly the final stage lasts from 27 to 40 weeks where the baby will be born. physiscal symptoms that occur during this time include shortness of breath, varicose veins, sleeping problems and hemorrhoids. Although these are common symptoms every woman has different experiences and outcomes during pregnancy.

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1. The first step is to discuss having a child

2. Seccondly, the male's erect penis is put into the femals vagina

3. Ejaculation then happens where the sperm enters vagina

4. The sperm swims up vagina

5. Some sperm meet ovum in fallopian tubes (If ovulation occurred)

6. Fertillized egg (zygote) travels to uterus

7. Zygote implants on wall of uterus

8. Confirmation of pregnancy

9. Good parental care needs to be considered when having a child since there are lots of risks.

10. Nine months pass

11. Baby enters birth canal

12. Contractipons of uterus opens cervix

13. After the baby is born it is still attatched to the mother by the umbiblical cord so it is then cut.

14. The delivery of the placenta usually occurs 30 minutes after the baby is born

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The female reproductive organ is the ovum, otherwise known as the egg. Inside the vagina, consists of two fallopian tubes, a uterus and your overies. The vagina is a muscular organ shaped like an upside down pear. The entrance to the womb is called the cervix which contains a little hole called the os. The fallopian tubes extend from each side of the womb to the ovaries. The overies and two small glands that contain the eggs and also produce sex hormones. Lastly, the uterus, also known as the womb is a muscular canal around 57.5cm long where the baby is kept during pregnency.

The male reproductive organ is the sperm which is produced in the testicles also kown as the scrotum. Sex hormones are also made in the testicles. The penis has special erectile tissue that can fill up with blood and make the penis stiffen. Sperm and urine pass through the urethra which then exits the penis. The epididymis is a series of small tubes attactched to the back of each testicle and collects and stores sperm. The epididymis connects up to make a larger tube called the vas deferens.