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1. Name of treatment

Insight therapies

2. What is the philosophy that drives your assigned treatment method?

This is driven through the idea that we can control our thoughts and feelings through understanding the causes of the issues.

3. What kinds of mental health issues are treated by your assigned treatment method?

Trauma related disorders, such as anxiety, ptsd and OCD.

4. Who are the important people associated with your treatment method?

Sigmund Freud was the main psychologist who developed insight therapy.

5. What are the techniques utilized in your treatment methods?

It is a conversation based therapy that focuses on free thinking and unfiltered thought.

6. What are the critiques of your assigned treatment method? What are its strengths?

Strengths: discovery of the root of the problem, learn more about oneself. Critiques: Time consuming and can be ineffective.

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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation  (Harvey Barnett)

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1. Family Therapy
2. Family Therapy is where you go and see a psychiatrist for your family problem.
3. This treatment is used for helping families come together and see each others stand points and know how each others feels.
4. this therapy was developed in 1940's and 1960's with a founding marriage consoling in 1942.
5. the steps for family therapy are; choose a provider, make an appointment, prepare to learn, develop coping skills, be honest, repeat.
6. Some critiques of family therapy could be someone speaking their mind and another person in the family holding resentment towards that person and some strengths are  that this may help families who struggle speaking to each other in safe enviorments.

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1. Psychosurgery
2. (Biomedical therapy) The philosophy behind this therapy is to destroy or remove brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.
3. This treatment was used to treat multiple disorders once no other treatment was deemed as '' working". This includes anxiety, (OCD), (PTSD), depression, and bipolar personality disorder.
4. This therapy was first developed by a Portuguese neurologist, Antonio Egaz Moniz, and was performed by his colleague , Almeida Lima. Walter Freeman, and James W. Watts developed this technique the way it is used today.
5. The current techniques used to perform this surgery is  called Lobotomy. Others include Anterior capsulotomy, Subcaudate tractotomy, limbic leucotomy, and Amygdalotomy.
6. The major critiques of this method would be the ethics and success rate behind it. It is an extremely risky procedure that typically doesn't improve its patients conditions, and was even found to worsen, or even kill those it was performed on. It's strengths would be that some patients found that this procedure calmed them down, and studies found it lowered suicide among its patients.

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1. Exposure Therapy
2. The philosophy behind the therapy is to 'teach the client to relax' , to relieve the client of their fears; behavioral.
3. A phobia that presents itself, like the fear of dogs.
4. The therapy was developed by Joseph Wolpe.
5. The steps to exposure therapy are to have the client relax, to not fear the object of their phobia. Then, the client would create a pyramid determining the order of what the client fears. Last, when the fear is present they need to be able to replace it with a relaxation coping technique.
6. This strategy to therapy could present with critiques as the patient must endure the most stressful thing first: their phobia, their fear. This can be a hard thing to confront for the client and therapist.  However, it often proves to be very productive and see good results.

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-Drug Therapy
-aims to treat psychological disorders with medications
-usually combined with other kinds of psychotherapy, believed to help self esteem, better coping mechanisms for mental health issues, better understanding of behaviors and motivations
-issues that are treated:
anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, paranoia, delirium, PTSD, etc...
-all can be treated through medications such as: anti-psychotics and anti-depressants
- critiques for this method can be: dependence over the use of these medications, and its strengths are that it can effectively treat certain disorders with the help of other therapies

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s used sparingly as to not harm the patient in any way.
6) It can have side affects such as an itchy face,  facial twitching, and headaches, not to mention it's super expensive.

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Transference (samantha k)
2 is when someone is sharing their past experiences and feelings and conflicts with a therapist 
3. this is most commonly used to treat borderline personality (BPD)
4. Important person was sigmund freud who was responsible for the concept of transference
5. making a safe enviroment  and non-judgmental setting and talking about feelings
6. strengths- you get stress out, you feel cared about, you feel understood and accepted. 
weaknesses- can open unhealed wounds

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1. Exposure Therapy

2. The philosophy behind this therapy is the embodiment of "facing your fears". This causes the patient to view their fear/phobia directly, and with such exposure comes them realizing their fear is not as bad as before thought. It also allows them to have an idea about what their fear is actually like. This exposure also helps the patient become used to their fear/phobia.

3. Exposure therapy is most commonly used in cases of phobias and anxiety disorders. Other disorders that exposure therapy is used for are OCD, panic disorders, PTSD, and social anxiety disorder.

4. Some notable figures in the field of exposure therapy are people such as Ivan Pavlov and John Watson. Exposure therapy's roots are tied into Pavlov's classical conditioning. The technique was created by Joseph Wolpe

5. Some techniques include gradually increasing the anxiety-triggering stimuli, which gradually introduces the patient to their phobia before fully exposing. Another technique used in this type of therapy is creating an anxiety hierarchy, which sorts the patient's fears showing the worst versus the least.

6. This form of therapy, exposure therapy, has many different pros and cons. Of the pros, this type of treatment has been known to decrease sensitivity to the stimuli, decrease anxiety regarding the phobia, recognizing one's ability to overcome challenges, and an increase in how the patient handles the situation. The cons, however, have to do with the morals regarding this. Many practitioners, for example, find it uncomfortable inducing displeasure to the patient when their sole purpose in the mental health field is to make them feel better.

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1. The treatment is called group therapy.
2. A philosophy that drives this treatment method is self awareness and mutual help.
3. This treatment method can help substance abuse, panic disorders, social anxiety, chronic pain, and depression.
4. The founders of group therapy in the U.S. are Joseph H. Pratt, Trigant Burrow, and Paul Schlider. They actively worked in psychotherapy in the first half of the 20th century.
5. Some techniques used for group therapy are: instilling hope, universality, imparting information, and interpersonal learning.
6. Some critiques of group therapy are: speaking in-front of people (if you have a social disorder), possible personality clash with other members, and lack of confidentiality. However, some strengths are: learning new strategies, having a network of support, getting a sense of belonging, and knowing you are not alone.

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1)Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

2) By focusing on goal setting and overcoming hardship during therapy sessions, the REPT approach seeks to strengthen an individual's self esteem. The idea is that self-degradation can be eliminated by instilling a forward-thinking and persevering attitude.

3) Cognitive Psychologist Albert Ellis initiated this approach to treating internal struggles. His goal was to include this treatment as a branch of psychotherapy that examined therapy as a method of radical change and life turn around.
4. It was developed by psychologist Albert Ellis who found himself longing for companionship and tackled his fear of talking to women by forcing himself to talk to 100 women. He realized that over time his fear of speaking to women diminished considerably and this insight was the basis of his approach to therapy. Karen Horney and Alfred Adler also influenced this form of therapy as their ideas inspired Ellis.

5. The ‘ABC’ technique is utilized in this treatment. It is a form of thinking heuristic wherein we learn to understand our emotional reactions are not caused by external events but rather by our beliefs that influence our emotions. Something happens → we have a belief  → we have an emotional reaction about the belief. The key to this therapy is understanding this progression.

6. The strength is that it allows people to understand where their emotions are coming from. It allows them to manage their own emotions rationally. A weakness is that it may not alone allow someone to increase their happiness or change their life in a significant way.

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The treatment is called Group Therapy

The philosophy behind going to group therapy is that there's self awareness and mutual help.

It can help treat depression, panic disorders and social anxiety.

The first person to pioneer and practice group therapy for medical purposes would be Joseph .H Pratt. He offered Inspirational lectures to patients with tuberculosis in the Massachusetts general hospital in Boston in 1907.

Techniques used in group therapy consists of expressing thoughts and feelings to others within a span of an hour under the supervision of a medical professional.

Group therapy can be discouraging to patients, so avoiding prescribed treatment is probable and not ideal. As it helps with social skills and personal perceptions that allow for communication between patients and medical professionals.

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Cognitive behavioral therapy (Alex Miranda)

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Cognitive behavioral therapy (Alex Miranda)

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1. Cognitive behavioral therapy

2. philosophies of Heraclitus, Stoicism, Epicureanism, Hedonism, Buddhism, Taoism, Existentialism, yogic philosophy, Baruch Spinoza, and Immanuel Kant

3. CBT improves mental health

4. Dr. Aaron T. Beck was important because CBT was pioneered by him.

5. Cognitive restructuring or reframing, guided discovery, exposure therapy, and journaling and thought records.

6. CBT may not be as effective to people with more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties. CBT helps with overwhelming problems in a positive way by breaking them down into smaller parts

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Unconditional Positive Regard
Humanistic: The philosophy driving this treatment is helping clients to develop a self-awaren

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2 is when someone is sharing their past experiences and feelings and conflicts with a therapist
3. this is most commonly used to treat borderline personality (BPD)
4. Important person was sigmund freud who was responsible for the concept of transference
5. making a safe enviroment  and non-judgmental setting and talking about feelings
6. strengths- you get stress out, you feel cared about, you feel understood and accepted.
weaknesses- can open unhealed wounds

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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation  (Harvey Barnett)

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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation  (Harvey Barnett)

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2)  It is derived from a biomedical therapy philosophy.
3) It can treat depression, anxiety, and other disorders.
4) Some important people associated with this are William Gilbert since he discovered magnetism George Engel since he's largely responsible for psychologically based drugs.
5) It's a process done with a machine so there's not really a technique to it, it's used sparingly as to not harm the patient in any way.
6) It can have side affects such as an itchy face, facial twitching, and headaches, not to mention it's super expensive.

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1) and 2)The philosophy behind free association is that the sharing and expression of emotions/thoughts/feelings is a form of therapy that results in a better sense of self-awareness. Bringing these “repressed” feelings to the surface is relieving and is said to free people of stress. Additionally, patients using Free Association are encouraged to voice any of the thoughts that come to mind- regardless of their coherence- as these raw feelings can be helpful for therapists in uncovering connections between a patient’s various thoughts and experiences.

3)The majority of health issues treated  by free association (a division of psychoanalysis) include trauma or struggles with fears. This is because free association looks to reveal those “hidden” or “repressed” memories, thoughts, or fears that the person is struggling with.

4) Sigmund Freud created the psychoanalysis treatment method, which aimed to reveal a person’s internal expressions. Free association is a sub-method of 3 used to help in this process, as patients are encouraged to verbally express their raw emotions.

5) Some of the techniques utilized in Free association include asking patients to get in a comfortable position(sitting or lying down) before they proceed to express their inner guts.Therapists ask questions telling their patients to recall everything they can think of and felt about particular memories. Additionally, therapists might ask patients to recall what they think when they see an image, or write down all their thoughts at a particular moment during the session.

6) Critics of Freud’s Free Association treatment method argue that people might overproduce associations with their memories,thoughts, and feelings. False connections between emotions can also lead the therapist and patient off, and create confusion and incorrect diagnosis and treatment. Patients can also become stressed from feeling pressured by therapists, or that they aren’t sharing a large enough quantity of the words and thoughts that come to mind while in therapy sessions. On the bright side though, this “share it all” method can sometimes be the only way to find correlation/causation, as patients sharing their direct thoughts and feelings allows for the therapist to “see inside” the patient’s mind.

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Greissy Rodriguez (Operant C. Token Economy)

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Greissy Rodriguez (Operant C. Token Economy)

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1.Operant Conditioning (Token Economy)
2. The philosophy driving this treatment is behavioral as in involves treating the behaviors of someone
3.This treatment would be very effective towards OCD, Phobias, eating disorders, and to young developing children
4. A popular psychologist that was deeply associated was B.F skinner.  B.F skinner was heavily involved with Operant Conditioning.
5. A system for trading, there are different types of ways of using this treatment would be using buttons, tokens, or even using money
6. Some strengths of using this treatment is it encourages appropriate behavior for the illness. A weakness is if it is not reinforced enough the new behaviors may fade away.

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Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (Sebastian Russo)

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Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (Sebastian Russo)

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1. The name of this treatment is called therapeutic lifestyle change.

2. It is a biomedical approach as this type of therapy can also be applied to physical ailments. It has to do with the fundamental belief that choices about physical health impact mental health.

3. The main types of mental health issues that are treated by this are depressions, but it can also be used as a preventative measure against disorders like Alzheimer’s and other neurological degeneration diseases.

4. N/A

5. The techniques of the treatment are rather simple. It is the compounding of positive lifestyle changes like exercise, proper diet, being out in nature, and other adjustments that contribute to the clinical result. These lifestyle changes are the main tenets of the treatment.

6. Critiques are that this treatment requires a person to change their entire lifestyle -- which is a big change and requires them to be OK with being uncomfortable. Another critique is that this kind of treatment does not selectively target the brain or a part of the brain. It is a whole-body treatment that also affects the mind.

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michael hanson (Client centered therapy)

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michael hanson (Client centered therapy)

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1.)The name of the treatment is client centered therapy.

2.) The main goal of this treatment is to assert the opportunity that there’s  growth  in relationships.

3.)  Some of the mental issues that are treated by this therapy include: Depression, Anxiety, Substance abuse, Personality disorder, etc.

4.) The person that matters most is who created the whole operation, which was Carl Rogers, also known as the Godfather of Humanistic theories

5.) The technique focuses on the individual's aspirations, concerns and challenges.

6.) The benefits of this therapy include being more expressing with their emotions and having an overall better outlook on things, feeling better about their image, empowered.

The weaknesses of this therapy include only being supportive of the client, not challenging them enough, it limits the understanding of the clients.

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Its founder Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist  and founder of psychoanalysis who sought to learn about  unconscious contends and how childhoods affected adulthood. It helps the patient explore memories and personal narratives in detail, and analyzing them. While doing so therapist Look for common themes in these stories and comes up with a hypothesis. Sometime the patient verbally communicates something important that helps the therapist have insight of their unconscious conflict which is known as “Freudian slip.”  But through it all it seems to be time consuming and expensive but it have proven to work and help with anxiety and depression.

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1. Psychosurgery
2. Biomedical
3.Psychosurgery is usually used to treat Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and OCD
4. This was developed by Antonia Egas Moniz and was first performed by his colleague Almieda Lima
5.Lesions are made in the anterior capsulotomy, cingulotomy, subcaudate tractotomy, limbic leucotomy.
6. Disadvantages include irreversible damage to the brain, may have disabling effects, highly invasive. Advantages include most cases are very successful.

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Kiana Soto
1- Systematic Desensitization
2-He believed that facing your fears did not always result in overcoming them but rather lead to frustration.
3-This is a behavior therapy technique that is used to treat anxiety and fear-based disorders.
4-Joseph Wolpe is the one who developed this treatment.
5-This is a behavior therapy technique.
6-Evidence shows that it was very effective in treating phobias. Some weaknesses are it relies on the client's ability to be able to imagine the fearful situation.

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1. Aversive Conditioning

2. Behavioral: The philosophy that drives this method is the association of an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior

3. The mental health issues that are treated by this method could be people with addictive behaviors. Or people who want to stop a bad habit.

4. This conditioning was developed by psychologist Joseph Cautela.

5. Some techniques that are utilized by this treatment method could be pairing an undesirable behavior (alcohol) with a  discomfort and a unpleasant symptom (neause).

6. Critiques: Some critiques would be that this method lacks scientific evidence that proves this treatment is effective.

Strengths: It sometimes proves to be successful if directed by a therapist. Also has found short-term effectiveness.

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1. Counter conditioning

2. Behavioral

3. A common treatment for aggression, fears, and phobias

4. Developed by Mary Cover Jones

5. Counterconditioning pairs a trigger stimulus with a new response. It uses the same techniques as classical conditioning

6. Critiques: It is hard to use when trying to condition people to learn more complex behaviors. Other treatments could be more effective

Strengths: It is the easiest and most natural way to learn a new behavior

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Insight therapy is based on the philosophy of existentialism from the humanistic approach. This type of treatment has proven to work well for illnesses such as eating disorders, substance abuse, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders. This therapy was developed by Sigmund Freud in the early 1900s. With this therapy, some of the techniques psychiatrists use are dream analysis, free association, and interpretation. Some strengths of this treatment are the ability to make the patient more aware of where their problems derive from, and also how their past has affected them. Some weaknesses are it’s a very lengthy process and it may not find the underlying problem.

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1) Biomedical Therapy
2)  The philosophy that drives the treatment is that the treatments will beneficially alter neurotransmitter activity, it modifies the stress hormones activity and stimulates growth of new ones in key brain regions.
3) Major depressive disorder, Mania, Schizophrenia and Catatonia
4) Started being used in the ancient and medieval times (back when the skull would be drilled to expose the brain)
5)
The techniques used are psychotropic drugs, magnetic impulses, electrical currents and surgery
6) Some critiques is how it can cause drug abuse, addiction and doesn't guarantee a long term effect. As for strengths the effectiveness is known to take place, helps with better mental life style and gives patient improved thoughts.

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1. Cognitive behavioral Therapy
2.

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1:Drug Therapy
2:Drugs

3: Paranoia, depression, anxiety, aggression, hallucinations, and other problems

4:In 1940-1950 the introduction of thorazine, the first psychotropic drug, was a milestone in treatment therapy, it was used for psych patients

5:Prescribed drugs are combined with other kinds of psychotherapy

6:Some pharmacological treatments can also increase psychological symptoms such as anxiety, suicidal ideation, and even increase suicide attempts (especially in young adults). The strengths were that the drugs kept their disorders under control enough to keep them from having outburst or going back to old habits. It allowed them to have a “normal” life just like everyone else.

-Mercedes Reyna

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1. Family therapy

2. (Cognitive) The philosophy behind this treatment is that the family is a system and an individual’s unwanted behavior's are influenced by or directed at other family members.

3. Mental health issues such as anxiety disorders, depression, addiction, anger management, etc are treated using this method

4. Murry Bowen- one of the pioneers in family therapy and created the Bowen family systems theory.

Salvador Minuchin- developed structural family therapy
5. Techniques such as communication and structural therapy is used

6.The critiques is that family therapies may alter perceptions on family members and situations that may cause negative feelings to arise. Its strengths is that it may allow for better communication, and may allow for patients to learn how to resolve issues among each other. It may also allow the patients to develop a better understanding of boundaries, family patterns and dynamics.

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1. Aversion Therapy
2. Behavioral
3.Aversion therapy is used to treat addictive behaviors such as alcohol and drugs
4. Ivan Pavlov is associated with aversion therapy because of the conditioning aspect to it
5. The treatments used in this therapy is electric therapy, covert sensitization, and chemical therapy
6. Some critiques of aversion therapy is that it can increase anxiety which interferes with treatment. It was also found that anger and hostility can increase during treatment.

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1. Exposure Therapy
2. Behavioral
3. This treatment is used for phobias, panic disorders, social anxiety disorder, OCD, PTSD, and generalized anxiety disorder.
4. it originated from the work of two behaviorists Ivan Pavlov and John Watson. years later many other behaviorists like Mary Cover Jones, Joseph Wolpe and Stanley Rachman have worked on exposure therapy.
5. the techniques used in exposure therapy are systematic desensitization, graded exposure, flooding, prolonged exposure (PE), and exposure and response prevention (ERP).
6. the critiques are that it may make it worse and it can exacerbate symptoms of PTSD. also the availability of specialized training for exposure therapy is limited. the strengths are  that 7 out of 10 people with OCD experienced a 60-80% decrease in concerning symptoms.

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1. Unconditional Positive Regard

2. Humanistic: The philosophy driving this treatment is helping clients to develop a self-awareness and self-acceptance

3. Mental health issues that are treated by this method could be used when reassuring a patient who is in therapy. Or they feel like they have done something wrong.

4. This concept was developed by Carl Rogers. Who believed in achieving self-actualization in a state of congruence.

5. The techniques that are utilized would be reassuring a patient, and having a non-judgmental attitude

6. Psychologists such as Albert Ellis have criticized this treatment he called it “conditional. He also criticized that the patient in order to self-accept himself he depends on someone else, instead of himself. Some strengths are that the therapist offers no judgement, and the client is accepted. This treatment also helps remove the stigma of therapy.

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1.Cognitive Therapy
2. Stoicism
3.Depression, Anxiety, Alcohol and Drug use, Marital problems, and severe mental illnesses
4. In the 1960's, Dr. Aaron T. Beck pioneered Cognitive Therapy
5. Identifying specific problems or issues, being aware of unproductive thought patterns, leaning new behaviors, and identifying negative thinking
6. Strengths: Can be completed in a short amount of time, can be as effective as medication in treating some mental health disorder, The highly structured nature of CBT means it can be provided in different format
Negatives: To benefit from CBT, you need to commit yourself to the process, As CBT can involve confronting your emotions and anxieties, you may experience initial periods where you are more anxious or emotionally uncomfortable, CBT focuses on the individual’s capacity to change themselves

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1.ElectroConvulsive Therapy
2. Biomedical
3. Used to treat patients that are severely depressed
4.  Founded in 1938 by Italian psychiatrist Ugo Cerletti

5. A brief electric current is sent through the brain while the patient is under anesthesia. The therapy triggers a brief seizure and changes the symptom-causing chemistry in the brain
6. Weaknesses: the treatment can cause memory loss. Inadequate education on ECT has also led to misconceptions.
Strengths: ECT has a very high success rate and provides very rapid improvements