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POLITICAL: The Ming Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China. The dynasty lasted 62 years under the reign of 4 emperors. The dynasty came about as the result of a peasant uprising against the Yuan Dynasty.
INNOVATION: Innovations which can be attributed to the Ming Dynasty included relatively advanced forms of gunpowder based weapons. One of these weapons, the huochong gun, was one of the most powerful artillery weapons of its time. The dynasty also had innovations outside of the military world. During the Ming Dynasty, the forbidden city was constructed and is considered one of the greatest achievements of the Ming Dynasty.
ECONOMIC: The Ming Dynasty’s economy was centered around agriculture and the handicraft industry. During this time, the production of porcelain goods reached unprecedented levels and the sale of porcelain goods became a major source of state finance.
CULTURAL: During the Ming Dynasty, Chinese writing and philosophy helped to develop Chinese culture during this time. Three of the four classic works of Chinese writing were written during this time, and other well regarded works of writing were produced during this time. In philosophy, the new “philosophy of the mind” helped shape new forms of thinking and new social trends.
ENVIRONMENTAL: During the Ming Dynasty, leaders believed that repairs to a deteriorating great wall would be one of the most critical elements of helping to protect China. As a result of this wish, natural resources and mass amounts of human labor were used to work on building the wall. The Chinese also began developing medicine during this time. Doctors used natural remedies to cure people of illnesses and would publish some of the worlds first medical journals, writing on the effects of different natural remedies.
SOCIAL: During the latter half of the Ming Dynasty, persons living within the empire faced extreme hardship. Exploitation from the ruling class, along with natural disasters led to many peasants being unhappy with the dynasty. This led to the creation of a rebel army supported by most peasants. This army fought in the northern provinces of China, and in 1644 captured Xi’an and founded a new regime.

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Communist China
Political — The communist party stifled (and continue to stifle) other parties. Resistance met with violence, labor camps, and/or execution. While the USSR was also communist, animosity was palpable between these two countries.
Intellectual— Because the party controlled the media and the contents of history books, much of what was learned at school was warped to cater to the party's propaganda movement. Thinking 'outside the box' could be met with resistance from the government if this thinking did not revere the regime.
Economic— Nationalized China's industries, made government in charge of means of production. Everyone is land shareholder.
Cultural —  The cultural revolution, designed to exterminate the "four olds", targeted people who still followed old traditions. The indoctrination of communist values in the school system served as a preamble to the establishment of the Red Guards, students who were in charge of making sure that all civilians were following Chairman Mao's legislature.
Environmental —  Peasants were divided in communes, similar to the USSR's kolkhoz, where they labored on their land. Presumably, the mass-industrialization that ensued from the communist regime wreaked havoc on the environment by releasing CO2 and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Social —  Unrest due to lack of political mobility, want for free speech (June 4 protest).

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Political
Intellectual/Innovation
Economic
Cultural
Environmental (Human interaction with..)
Social

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Yuan Dynasty: 1279-1368
P: Was ruled by Mongolians. Downfall came when Chinese traditions where disrupted like not using the civil service exam and the government did not have many Chinese people in it. aAlso the army failed to win wars like in Japan and Indochina. Poor buddhist monk called Zhu Yuanzhang and White Lotus Society overthrew the Yuan dynasty and made Ming Dynasty
I: Made Zhongdu the capital, had to build it. Improved roads because improved trade, flying cash
E: China's economy got better overall. Increased and improved trade with many countries especially Europe. Cultural exchanges
C: Religious tolerance, many religions were much less oppressed like Buddhism and Daoism.
E: Failed to expand China's land
S: Women had more freedom compared to other parts of the world at the time, this is due to the women in Mongol Society previous to the conquering of China had a lot of relative freedom so that practice was continued.

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Political:
- Repressions (Hu's fragmented repression and Xi's consolidated repression)
- developing "new socialism"
- Congress
- somewhat democratic
Intellectual:
- most public schools: subjects including Politics and History
- Different ideologies: Marxism, Mao Tzedong, Deng Xiaoping, etc. --> Xi Jinping New Era Socialism
Economic:
- many state-owned enterprises
- the "three-step strategy" (2020, 2035, 2050)--> a moderately prosperous society

- expansion of foreign trade, especially after entering the  World Trade Organization
Cultural:
- advocating excellent traditional culture
Environmental:
- seek benefits of citizens' wellbeing (primary goal of the Communist Party)
- environmental and ecological policies "Beautiful China" proposed by 18th National Congress
- harmonious relationship for sustainable development
Social:
- the "China Dream"
- focuses on younger generations' understanding of political correctness
- "Unity in Diversity" (various tribes within the country)
- Gaokao policies for these tribes
- Revolts in areas such as Xinjiang

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Qing
ruled by Manchu who ended Ming

Political:
Before European came: Mandate of heaven justified the rule of the Manchu people; civil service exam help the country to form a bureaucracy
After European came: the Chinese government declined since they have to sign unfair treaties which benefited the Europeans. The government grew weaker after wars (Two Opium War) and inner rebellions (Taiping and Boxer Rebellion)
Warlords developed as the centralized Qing government grew weaker, which eventually led to the end of the Qing Dynasty
Economic:
Tributes & Taxes
Before Britain sold opium to China, the government prospered by selling luxuries including porcelain and tea
Intellectual:
machine gun (which was banned by the emperor)
The civil service exam also prevented any breakthroughs
Cultural:
before European came: confucianism; buddhism; daoism; some Christians and Islam
After European: the impact of the Christianity rise in China
Environment:
Food discovered in America (maize and potatoes) contributed to the raise of the population of the China
However, peasant still own limited land and most did not get rich
Social: Discrimination against women

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Song Dynasty
Upward Song
- Became a dynasty after the Tang Dynasty collapsed.
- China continued to expand in golden age.
- Chinese meritocracy allowed for a more upward mobility then other hiring systems.
- China started to become the leading manufacturer.
- China introduced producing: iron, steel, silk, and porcelain.
-Neo-confucism, confucian, Buddhist, and Daoist philosophies started under the Tang. This lead to even more in the Song.
- During the Song Dynasty paper money or flying cash was introduced.
- Magnetic compass was exported from East Asia to all over the world.