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Battle of Britain

1. What two seasons were the battle of Britain held in?

2. What was their overall mission?

3. Name three things that led to the Germans failure?

Battle of Atlantic

1. What did it start?

2. Who was in the allied powers?

3. How many people were killed on each side?

The Evacuation of Dunkirk

1. What countries where involved?

2. What did the French Prime Minster ask of the people of France?

Blitzkrieg

1. What did Blitzkrieg mean in English?

2. Name one of the wars in which the Blitzkrieg tactic was used?

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Blitzkrieg in the Invasion of Poland and France

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Blitzkrieg in the Invasion of Poland and France

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Combatants

Allied powers
United Kingdom
United States of America
Vichy France
Russia (but fighting on Eastern front)

Axis powers
Nazi Germany

The Kingdom of Italy
Empire of Japan (but fighting in the Pacific)

When?

·      3 September 1939 – 7 May 1945

·      First phase was September 1939 to June 1940 (They block Germany Shipping & German navy attempted to inflict some measure)

·      Britain lost navy support when France fell to Germany

·      Battle of the Atlantic was the longest military campaign in World War II, running from 1939 to the defeat of Germany in 1945

Other

·      Britain imposed a naval blockade to prevent merchant ships delivering supplies for Germany’s war effort.

·      Germany retaliated by sending their navy to take the Britain supplies ships

·      Britain was under threat because Germany destroy 2600 ships

·      Britain stuck back by creating new machines that use radar to fine the U-boats and destroy them so they could feel safer with war supplies for Britain to travel

·      Canada played a key role in the Allied struggle for control of the North Atlantic

·      Canada declared war on Germany

·      first shots on the Atlantic were fired on 3 September 1939, just hours after Britain formally declared war on Germany

·      the aim of the battle was to control the Atlantic sea routes

·      Over 30,000 sailors were killed on each side

·      Germans sometimes used a "wolf pack" tactic where a number of submarines would surround and attack a supply convoy at once

Allies wanted to stop Germany from using the Atlantic, they wanted safe passage for their ships and they wanted to expand their military control of the Atlantic.

Bibliography

Hughes, Thomas A., and Marc Milner. "Battle of the Atlantic." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2017.

DuBreuil, Brian, and W.A.B. Douglas. "Battle of the Atlantic." The Canadian Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2017.

Anderson, M. Hoepper, B. Low, A. Keese, I. 2012. Retroactive 10. John Wiley & Sons Australia. Milton, Queensland.

"World War II." World War II for Kids: Battle of the Atlantic. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2017.

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An Overview

The Evacuation of Dunkirk lasted from May until June in 1940. Germany had started by pushing their ‘threats or enemies’ back to an area on the coastline around the border of the France port of Dunkirk this included Britain, France and Belgium. Germany then made sure that France had no other allies that could help them and blocked France off. The Prime Minster in that period of time Winston Churchill called anyone who had a boat to go across the English Channel and to rescue anybody they could from Germanys army including their allies. It was then that they French felt relief and bravery and on May the 16th to June the 4th they set out on fishing boats, lifeboats, merchant marines and yachts succeeding to rescue over 338 00 people which included 198 000 British troops and over 140 000 French and Belgium troops and allied parties. However, many didn’t get the happy ever after when they were blown to bits from Germanys attack in Dunkirk when the troops were being rescued many didn’t survive leaving them deep in the ocean forever, trying to get away from the machine guns, bombs and fighter planes.

How did it all start?

Germany trying to take over France, Britain and Belgium and had the upper hand at that with a lot more weapons and army. The French then got scared trying to fight desperately for nothing so they called in a guy called Gort who helped them and moved the troops south where they joined a troop. Britain then felt threatened and had to evacuate France. Gort decided that he would retreat the army on May the 23rd in 1940 to save Britain any more hassle and prepare themselves for another battle on another day.

The British Army then joined the French and Belgium army to help fight and save their way through the small town of port Dunkin to defend it from Germany's attack. They would then hope that England’s ships would come and collect them.

On May the 24th Hitler held his forces and a call was sent back to England to get any England ships to come and help save them. It was then they an army of boats and marines were sailing across the channel to rescue the troops. Whilst leading the chips over with a red firelight they reached Dunkirk where Germany was bombing hundreds of troops with machine guns and fighter planes. 40,000 British, French and Belgium troops were either shot, blown to bits or taken from the shore where they were trying to escape towards the rescue boats.

Bibliography

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. 2016. Dunkirk Evacuation. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/event/Dunkirk-evacuation

Unknown. 2008. The Evacuation at Dunkirk. Retrieved from http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/dunkirk.htm

Anderson.M. Keese.I. Low.A. Hoepper.B. 2012. “Retroactive 10”. Milton, Queensland.

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Britain now stood alone. 17th June 1940 France quit the war after defeat. German forces had conquered the majority of Western Europe. A threat on The United Kingdom would lead to the first all-air battle in history. Contrary to the popular opinion in Britain’s politics, Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Britain did not fancy the idea of reasoning with Germany’s Adolf Hitler and proposed a battle. When bringing forth his proposal, Churchill stated, "The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin." Which then gave the battle its name. Churchill won the argument and the country prepared their air force. So, throughout the Summer and Autumn of 1940, there were a series of air attacks on Britain from German forces. The attacks were aimed at military posts and bases as well as civilian areas, but the main objection of the attacks was to disable the RAF (Royal Air Force)- a part of Operation Sea Lion- Hitler’s plan to invade Britain. The destruction of the air force was supposed to eliminate one of the many hardships they assumed they may face in attacking the Royal Navy. Despite their immaculate plan, the Germans were undereducated on Britain’s strengths and vulnerabilities and spent a lot of time pricking and poking Britain in hope of a surrender- which never came. Britain was advantaged with a strong air force with hurricane and spit firefighter planes, good radar communication and very effective leadership and organisation. The Germans, on the other hand, were disadvantaged due to their great losses. Despite this, on the 7th of September, the Germans successfully attacked the city of London, leaving 43,000 innocent civilians dead and a further (approximately) 1,000,000 people homeless. Just a week later, on the 15th of September, they attempted another attack on the city, only to be met by large numbers of British fighter planes. They received heavy losses and a loss of enthusiasm and pride. It was a massive blow to German forces and as a result, Hitler withdrew his forces from Britain. They retreated having lost 16% of their planes and pilots every month from July to September. The victory in the air saved Britain from a battle on the ground and in the sea, as well as proving themselves to opposing countries. The battle, in all, was short but a frightening time for the British- especially those in London. The RAF itself lost a large 21% of their fighter planes and pilots, though it was a small percentage when considering the losses that could have occurred if the RAF ad no succeeded in driving the Germans back.

Bibliography
History.com, & Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company (1996). Battle of Britain - world war II. history.com. Retrieved from http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-britain

Unknown. World war II history: Battle of Britain for kids. Retrieved February 15, 2017, from A Bombed London Street, http://www.ducksters.com/history/world_war_ii/battle_of_britain.php

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During the early parts of the second world war, Germans became more and more renowned for their tactic of coordinating short, quick attacks in order to gain control of territory before the enemy had time to mobilise. This tactic was called Blitzkrieg or “lightning war” and was extremely effective, leaving the enemy confused and panicked. Using this tactic lead to the successful takeover of both Poland and France.

Wars in which the Blitzkrieg tactic was used:
- Invasion of Poland 1 September, 1939 - 6 October 1939
- Phoney War 3 September, 1939 - 10 May 1940
- Battle of France 10 May, 1940 - 25 June, 1940

Bibliography:

Anderson, M. Hoepper, B. Low, A. Keese, I. 2012. Retroactive 10. John Wiley & Sons Australia. Milton, Queensland.

History.com Staff. 2009. Blitzkrieg. Retrieved from: http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/blitzkrieg