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Thesis
During the 19th century, Russia was impacted more socially then it was economically by the industrial and political revolutions, specifically regarding capitalism and class structure.

Topic Sentence 1
The effects of capitalism on Russian society greatly influenced the revolution and Russia itself, as demonstrated in documents 2 and 4

Evidence
Document 2 shows the pressures capitalism put on the working class in Russia. Document 4 show the long lasting effects capitalism had on Russia. Russia after would continue to swing between Capitalism and communism causing unrest. However Communism did not solve the problems of Capitalism

H-The working class of Russia were suffering under Capitalism while the rest of Europe had their lives improving
I- Working class in Russia
P- Make people against Capitalism/Government
P- An Anti-Capitalist revolutionist

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Thesis statement:
In 19th century Russia, both political and industrial revolutions sparked change within the country; however, the political revolution had greater impacts on Russia as a whole.

Topic 1:
The industrial revolution in Russia caused changes to the social and economic ideologies, as seen in documents 3, 4, and 5.

Document 3:
evidence- The development of trade unions and socialist ideas were a result of a growing industrial working class. This large workforce sparked legislative change for better working environments, the right to unionize, and more governmental freedom. As a result, socialism grew in popularity amongst these workers and was thus implemented within the laws and legislature of Russia. This revolutionary mindset impacts the country to this day.
sourcing-
H-written during czar rule and the foundations of revolution in Russia when expressing beliefs and anti-government ideas was illegal and penalized (1902)
I-educated working and middle classes of Russia, and also those interested in revolution
P-reasoning why trade unions and socialism developed and to convince people to work and fight for a socialist economy and government (socialism in a positive tone)
P-Lenin was a radical Russian revolutionary who spoke out against the government and inspired parts of the revolution

Outside evidence (for concept)
-Russia interacted with industrialized Western European countries and that prompted the government to make efforts to catch up on industrialization.
-Absolute control (authoritarian) style leadership with limited individual freedoms of expression (speech, ideas, gathering)
-Serfs were freed under Alexander II, leaving the peasants out on their own (land expensive) and poorer than ever (rise of communism).

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Thesis statement- The extent to which Russia was impacted by the industrial and political revolutions in the 19th century was greater politically than industrially.

Topic sentence- It's shown in documents #3,5 and 6 that inequality in classes as well as the failure of the government led to the political revolution having the greatest effect on Russia.
Historical Evidence- It shows "free" serfs pulling an aristocrat's carriage. They're technically free but they're still in poverty
Document 5
H- Post freedom of serfs, Russia trying to catch up in industrialization, political turmoil regarding Czar's power, reforms trying to be created
I- Lower class/ revolutionaries
P- To show how they're "free" but the government is still oppressing them and they need to change that
P- Someone who's documenting what's going on in Russia during the Tsar's reign
Doc 6
Historical evidence- Doc 6 shows the different uprisings and military mutinies happening in Russia.
H- Peasants and workers are uprising around Russia as well as military mutinies. Russia is trying to catch up on industrialization.
I- People trying to understand what led to the Russian political revolution
P- Help people understand some of the causes of the political revolutions in Russia
P- a mapmaker in charge of putting documents in the AP world history textbook
Historical situation- People in Russia revolting

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Thesis: Russia was greater impacted politically and socially by the political revolution compared to the industrial revolution in the 19th century.
Topic Sentence: In documents 1,2,3,5,6 it represents how changing social classes had an impact on Russia's  government structure.
Historical Evidence: In document 2, the picture represents how Russia's class structure was built off of/relied on the peasant class to work and feed them.
H- Russia has an absolute monarchy, peasants are starting to riot.
I- Someone who wants to learn about Russiaś 19th century social classes
P- To inform and show us each class in Russia so we can put it into perspective during Russia's revolutions.
P- Someone reflecting on how Russia's 19th century class structure was organized.
In source 3, Lenin discusses how socialism came from the combining of labor unions in order to prevent too many uprisings and to satisfy the Russian working class.

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Russia was impacted to a greater extent by political revolutions, and less by the industrial revolutions of the 19th century.

The greater impacts of the political revolutions can be seen in documents 3 and 6. Describing peasant uprisings and the inevitability of working class unrest. In document 3 Lenin talks about how in the past the working class has followed a pattern of revolution. They often ban together, forming trade unions, and then revolting against their employers. Document 6 revels areas where major strikes, and armed worker uprisings have happened. As well as where peasant unrest and land seizures occur. This most often was the product of poor working conditions, bad wages, and long hours. These peasants were mainly serfs who were bound to the land. In 1861 serfs were freed, but where still left very poor. With serfs being freed Russia falls into the social class structure that has formed in many other European countries with industrialization. This also leads to the economic downfall of Russia, as many businessmen had lost their free labor.

H -These events took place as Russia was trying to catch up as much of Europe has industrialized, and held more power.
I - The aristocrats and businessmen of Russia
P - To warn and provide perspective of the current conditions
P - An internal view of Russia's conflicts

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Thesis Statement: During the 19th C. Russia was impacted by the industrial and political revolution more so Politically than Economically.

Topic Sentence: Russia experienced a lesser impact Economically as shown through sources 1,3 and 4.

Source 1 describes a division into 2 hostile classes which reflects the divide Russia undergoes with everyone turning against the Tsar

H- Industrial revolution
I- Working class citizens
P- to incite change
P- Karl Marx/communist

The freedom of the serfs by Alexander the 2nd in an attempt to modernize Russia resulted in their economic decline.

In source 3 Lenin describes the need for the establishment of trade unions and labor laws for safer working environments.

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Thesis Statement: Russia was slightly impacted by the Industrial and Political Revolutions of the 19th C. in social and economic ways, but was even less reformed politically.

Topic Sentence #1: Russia was slightly impacted in social and economic ways as shown in documents 2,3,5, and 6.

Historical Evidence #1: In document 6, it shows the strikes and peasant unrest due to the Industrial Revolution. The social unrest relates to the suppression of the lower class of Russia, former serfs and their descendants.

H-  Russia had freed their serfs, and started to industrialize.
I- People who want to understand the social unrest in Russia.
P- To show the social and economic unrest in Russia.
P- A historian of the 21st century.

Outside Evidence:
- the freeing of the serfs in Russia
- bad working conditions
- the hierarchy of the different classes
- the Tzar
- Russia being an autocracy
- illegal to form unions and political parties in Russia

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Thesis Statement: In the Russian Revolution during the 19th-century, Russian industry was impacted by trying to westernize and modernize themselves and yet, having a greater political change in their view of social classes.

TS #1: As shown in documents 4, and 7, Russia's industry was impacted because they were trying to westernize, hoping to improve their economy.

HE #1: Allan Todd's rebuttal to the opening words of Mark's and Engles' The Communist Manifesto disagreeing with the fact that communism and Marxism were laid to rest.

#4
H - The ideas of Marxism and Communism still continue in Russia in the 1900s
I - Researchers of Marxism.
P - Marxist theory and communist practice arose from conditions of poverty, the destruction of war, and strong desires for liberty, fairness, and equality.
P - A historian from the 21st century looking back at Russian Marxism and Communism and evaluating it.

Outside HE - A tsar was assassinated because he freed the surfs, trying to get a better economy. His son then came to power and had very conservative actions reversing the liberal reforms of his father.

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Thesis: Russia was impacted greater politically and socially, however, was impacted lesser economically by the Industrial and Political Revolutions in the 19th century.

Topic sentence 1: The industrial and political revolution impacted Russia politically, through the change from an absolute monarchy to communism, and socially, through the freedom of serfs as evidence from documents 2, 3, 4, and 5 shows.

Document 5: Even though the serfs were just freed, they were so poor that some still had to serve their masters to survive. The historical situation was when feudalism and absolute monarchy took away the voices of the people. The intended audience was the citizens in a capitalist society. The purpose was to show differences in social classes within Russia. Finally, one of the points of view was from the serfs, viewing their exploitation. Another point of view was from the nobility or wealthy class seeing their higher status.

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Thesis statement: Russia was impacted by the industrial and political revolutions politically, socially, and economically. However, Russia was impacted most socially and politically in the industrial and political revolution.
Topic sentence: Russia was impacted by the industrial and political revolutions socially by the peasant unrest shown in document 2 that was created and economically the serf class downfall also shown in document 5 creating an economic crash.
Document 2: Looking at document 2 gives insight into the oppressive side of capitalism and the oppression of the Russian lower class. Also, it shows that Russia is trying to catch up to a rapidly growing western Europe due to the industrial revolution. The Russian government is using document 2 to sway Russia's lower-class away from wanting capitalism and more towards socialism.

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Thesis: The extent to which Russia was impacted by industrial and political revolutions had both technological and economic effects on the country. However, these revolutions had a greater political and social impact on Russia.

Topic Sentence #1: Industrial and political revolutions in Russia had major social impacts. This is shown in documents 2, 5 and 6, where it shows how different class structures are apparent in Russian society.

Evidence: In document #6, it shows the mass amount of unrest and uprising from the lower class workers in Russia. Some events that occured in Russia include Army and Naval mutinies, and major strikes that took place in the country.

H: Western Europe had started to industrialize in the late 1700s and the early 1800s. Russian leaders decided to start industrializing in the late 1800s. Russia, in turn, needed to overwork their factories to stay in line with the production of Western Europe countries.
I: AP World History textbook readers
P: The education of the readers of the AP world textbook
P: Writers and editors of the AP World History textbook

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Thesis statement: Russia was impacted by the Industrial and Political Revolutions of the 19th century greater socially and politically then technologically.

Topic sentence #1: As shown in documents 1, 3, 5 and 6, Russia was impacted socially, as the different class structures began to take shape.

Historical evidence: Document 5 shows that even though serfs were freed, they still ended up working for the wealthy since they ended up in debt while considered free.

H - Serfs have just been freed by Tsar Alexander II
I - Other people in Europe at the time
P - To show the difference in power between rich and poor classes
P - Someone who wanted more rights for the serfs after just being freed.

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Thesis Statement: Russia was impacted by the Industrial and Political Revolutions of the 19th century the most politically with political uprisings, upheavals and introduction to socialism despite continuous social restraints on Russia's citizens.

Topic Sentence #1:
As shown in documents 3, 4, and 6, Russia was more heavily impacted politically through the growing concept of socialism and development of political parties, leading to upheavals.

Historical Evidence from the Documents:
According to Lenin in Document 3, socialism in Russia was derived from the upper classes as an outcome of the ideas fostered by revolutions at that time.

H- Industrialization in Russia, rise of trade unions, and the monarchy all played a role in the political aspect of the working class and rise of socialism.
I- The intended audience of the document was the educated people of Russian society.
P- The purpose of this document is to inspire the intellectuals and people of Russia to follow the socialist agenda and ideas.
P- This document comes from the point of view of someone who encourages the ideas of socialism to recreate work conditions and improve the ways of society through politics.

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Thesis: Russia was impacted both politically and socially by the Industrial Revolutions of the 19th C. Though, the social impacts were greater than the political ones.

Topic Sentence #1: As seen in documents 2, 4 and 6, politically, Russia remained an absolute monarchy into the 19th C. and its growing middle class resented the Czar and turned to marxist and communist values to attempt to overthrow the government.

Evidence: "They have pointed out that Marxist theory and communist practice arose from conditions of poverty, the destruction of war, and strong desires for liberty, fairness, and equality." (4 Todd on Marx and Current History, 2016)
H- Written after economic crisis of 2011, and financial crash of 2008
I- History Students, Historians
P- Educating, Informing
P- 3rd person, written by historian

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In the 19th century, Russia was impacted the most politically and socially due to the political uprisings and the changes in social classes caused by the Industrial and Political Revolutions, and was limited because of the changes didn't fully kick in.

In the 19th century, Russia was impacted most socially due to the changes in social classes shown in documents 1, 2, and 5.

In document 5, which was produced in 1872 the landowner still used serf labor even after the change of abolishment of serfs.

H: Serfdom was already abolished 11 years earlier.
I: Russian public to advocate for serfs.
P: To show serfdom is still being used.
P: Outsider that wants to show serfs aren't being freed.

Alexander the II was in charge and had just freed the slaves. The higher class relied heavily on serfs that they found loopholes to continue to exploit labor.

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Although the social constraints on Russian society throughout the 19th century, the development of revolutionary ideas led to many more political changes in government role and radicalization.

Topic sentence #1:
The oppression of the Russian people continued through the upholding of the extremely unequal social hierarchy and the lack of economic opportunity for former serfs and the lower class. (Doc #2, #5)

Historical Evidence from Docs (#5)
11 years after their emancipation, the serfs despite being free are still treated marginally by the upper-class. They continue to serve their masters and perform labor for the benefit of the upper-class.

H: Eleven years after emancipation, former serfs are still subject to labor under their masters even after Alexander II came to power and started a process of reform.
I: Serfs, laborers, and revolutioners
P: Fuel the radical revolution
P: Photographer taking a photo of a wedding

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Thesis Statement: While both the political and industrial revolutions had major social impacts, the political revolutions of the 19th century had a greater social and political impact on Russia than the industrial revolution.

Topic Sentence #1: Political revolutions impacted Russia through freedom of the serfs, development of marxism, and uprisings throughout the country based on evidence from documents 4, 5, and 6.

Historical Evidence from the Documents: In document 6 it shows how throughout the Russian Empire there was peasant unrest, land seizure, naval mutinies, and armed workers uprisings.

H: Russia was beginning to industrialize and workers had little political freedom. This limited political voice led to a radical consciousness developing among the working class.
I: Readers of the AP world history book
P: To educate readers of the AP world history book
P: It is a historian who is analyzing Russia in the early 20th century.

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Thesis: Russia experienced significant economic change when industrialization was enforced by the state while political ideas of reform were at first welcomed but eventually trashed after the death of Alexander II.
Topic Sentence #1: The Industrial Revolution in Russia was fueled by the government and the working classes wanted socialist style governments to avoid the social structure. Presented in documents #2 and #4, socialism was welcomed more in regions of poverty and this pattern continues into the 21st century
Historical Evidence: In an excerpt from Marx and Engels Communist Manifesto published 1848 (doc #1), The men state that there is growing conflict growing between the laboring class and wealthy class creating instability in Russia that can be resolved with a socialist government. Marx also admits the success of America's Industrial Revolution and their involvement in global trade.
H- This is occuring around the time the serfs are free from the land but they are still poor and under the wealthy classes.
I- The Russian serfs begin to consider socialist ideas in an effort to relieve the financial struggles in their lives.
P- The division between social and economic classes in Russia are being presented
P- The perspective is Socialist or maybe even communist

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Thesis: Russia was greatly impacted economically by the Industrial Revolutions of the 19th century, but was more affected socially and economically by the Political Revolutions.

Topic Sentence - 1: The Political Revolutions in Russia during the 19th Century had a more significant impact than the Industrial Revolution through social and economical means based on evidence from documents #4 and #5.

Document 5 shows serfs serving their masters even after being freed from serfdom. This shows that social classes in Russia stayed similar to before even after undergoing legal changes.
H - After the serfs had been freed, but the upper class still remained while the serfs remained lower class.
I - This photo is intended for the upper class Russians in the photo.
P - The purpose of this photo is to capture memories at the estate owner's wedding.
P - The Point of View of this photo is the from the Upper Class members of Russia

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Thesis statement- The extent to which the industrial and political revolutions impacted Russia was greater socially, and politically while less evident economically and technologically in the 19th century.

Topic sentence #1- Because of the industrial and political revolutions there was a greater change socially and politically in Russia due to changes in class structures showed by documents 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Document #2 historical evidence- The image depicts the different class structures from the industrial revolution and how they each operate.

H- The laboring classes at the bottom of the pyramid were fighting for better working conditions and to be heard by the people on the top.
I- for the upper class to see how the social structures were with the working class holding up everything.
P-to let the working class show how unhappy they were with their working conditions, but also to make the upper class aware of the conditions.
P- from the lower classes.

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Thesis statement
The extent to which Russia was impacted by the industrial and political revolution during the 19th century was greater socially and politically with little impact economically.

Topic sentence 1
Russia faced political changes as seen through documents 4,6, and 7; as well as social changes seen through documents 1,4, and 5 during the political and industrial revolution.

Sourcing
In document 1, written in 1848, Karl Marx discussed the changes of society following Modern Industry. Aimed at the government with the intent of reforming government systems, the author suggests "Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps...bourgeoisie and proletariat."

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While Russia was significantly impacted by the Industrial Revolutions politically through socialism, the impact of the political revolutions on Russia economically and socially may be even more important.

Topic Sentence #1:
The Industrial Revolution impacted Russia significantly  politically with a turn towards socialism as seen in documents 2 and 3.

Sourcing:
This turn was fostered by the Industrial Revolution as seen in document three. In this document, Lenin writes to the people of Russia (I) in an industrialist society (H). He talks about the problems of industry and how socialism should perfectly solve these problems (POV).

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Thesis Statement: The Industrial and Political Revolutions of the 19th century impacted Russia by driving economic and political reforms, of which the latter was more significant.

Topic Sentence #1: The Industrial Revolution's impact on Russia caused the creation of a state-driven industrial economy while not seeing the economic success of Western nations. As seen in Documents 1, 2, and 5, the oppression of the lower classes continued and grew in Russia through industrialization.

Historical Evidence and Sourcing, Document 5: In the image it can be observed that the former Russian serfs endured social oppression while being politically free. The photograph in Document 5, taken in 1872 following Tsar(Цар) and Emperor Alexander II's liberation of serfs in the midst of the Industrial Revolution in Russia, intends to boast of the exorbitant wealth of the depicted nobles to other Russian nobles and rich men by showing the use of human labour.

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Tomi, Aeryn slay, Vinnie, Julianne, Sophia

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Tomi, Aeryn slay, Vinnie, Julianne, Sophia

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The industrial and political revolutions in the 19th century impacted Russia through reforms in class and government structure, however it caused them to fall behind more technologically when compared to other European powers.

Topic Sentence 1: Due to the class struggles of the 19th century, Russia experienced a change in its social and economic environments. (documents 1, 3, 5)

Sourcing:
In document 3, written in 1902, the author outlines the struggles and achievements of the working class. We can infer from the text that the author has prior experience and knowledge of the working class and has written it for the intended readers (general public), to gain perspective on lives of other classes.

Topic Sentence 2: With the idea of capitalism growing more popular during the 19th & 20th centuries, its effects could be seen through political imagery and economic ideologies made during that time period.

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Thesis: The Industrial Revolution had a greater economic, political, and social impact on Russia with some lesser environmental and technological impacts.

Topic Sentence #1: Documents 1, 2, 5 support the idea of the Industrial Revolution's social impact on Russia's economic class structure.

Document #1:
Historical Situation: Written by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx in 1848, during the time of the Industrial Revolution in Russia

Intended Audience: The intended audience of the document was the lower class, Proletariat.

Purpose: To criticize the inequalities created between classes under capitalism in Russia as a result of the Industrial Revolution.

Point of View: The Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat are directly opposed to each other and the Bourgeoisie is politically corrupt and solely benefits from the existing class    inequalities.

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Thesis: The political revolutions of the 19th century created greater change in Russia than the industrial revolutions of that time.

Topic sentence: The political revolutions of the 19th century greatly changed Russia through class structures and socialist ideas as shown in documents 1, 2, 4, and 5.

In document 5, the image depicts freed serfs in Russia, who were still trapped in the lower class, as they continue to serve their master. It shows that although the serfs were legally freed, class structures still remained.
H- Post-abandonment of serfdom, after serfs were freed.
I- Russian public against that specific class structure
P- To present the lingering and oppressive Russian class structures
P- From a socialist point of view

Topic sentence 2: The industrial revolutions of the 19th century changed Russia through government involvement, as well as conflicts like worker strikes and unions, although there was a lesser impact than political revolutions as shown in documents 3 and 6.

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Thesis: Though Russia was impacted by the Industrial Revolution in technological and economic ways, the political and social effects of the political revolutions had greater consequences on Russia's Stability

Topic Sentence: DOC #1 and #2 are good at painting a scene of the situation Russia was in at the time such as the political unrest of the czars and how technologically behind they were compared to the west.

In document one the influence of the industrial revolution reaches to political views and how the advances made have upgraded our communication and transportation.

Russia was impacted in political and social ways by political revolutions.

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Thesis: The extent that Russia was impacted by the industrial and political revolutions of the 19th century was greater politically than socially or technologically.

Topic Sentence: Due to new Marxist thoughts a hatred of capitalism arose and the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, arose among the political revolutions of the 19th century shown by documents 2, 5, and 1.

Historical Evidence: (document 2) There was a growing hatred for capitalism at that time based on this propaganda and Lenin was starting gaining power.

Sourcing: Purpose was to spark a hatred for capitalism and the industrial revolution. Audience was the middle class who were suffering.

Topic sentence #2: New political and industrial revolutions caused the middle class to revolt because of the terrible conditions they were working in shown by documents 3, 4, and 6.

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Industrial revolutions of the 19th century impacted Russia socially but greater politically due to westernization and the ideas of socialism.
Topic sentence (Social- documents 1,2,3,5): During the 19th century, Russia experienced a series of social reforms such as the emancipation of serfs.

According to document 1 written by Karl Marx in 1848, Russia was divided into two distinct classes facing each other. The intended audience of the document was the general public as Marx intended to shine a light on the bourgeoisie and proletariat classes amid the industrial revolution in Great Britain. Russia was experiencing a growing middle class of serfs who were freed by Tzar Alexander II in 1861.

Topic sentence #2: The industrial revolutions of the 19th century impacted Russia politically through forced westernization and Napoleonic wars as shown by documents 6 and 7.

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Thesis -
The extent to which Russia was impacted by industrial and political revolutions of the 19th century experienced greater changes socially and politically in things such as class structure and continuities economically and technologically.
Topic Sentence -
1) As seen in documents 2 and 5, the more developed classes and political structures in Europe and the U.S. led to Russia falling behind socially and politically.
Historical Evidence -
In document 5, although the serfs were legally free, they still can be seen pulling the upper class and continuing to serve their masters, showing Russia's far behind ways and social class divide.
H - Post-abolition of slavery in Russia
I - General public in Russia in the 1870s
P - Showing day-to-day life in Russia as wealthy landowners travel to attend a wedding.
P - The point of view can be viewed in two ways. Showing that the serfs are oppressed or showing the desirable life of wealthy elites.

Topic Sentence #2 -
Since all industrial change was state-initiated, there was little freedom of citizen-driven development, causing delayed economic and technological development as seen in document ___.

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Thesis- The Industrial and political revolutions of the 19th century impacted Russia greater politically and socially rather than culturally and technologically.

Topic Sentence #1- Documents 1, 2, and 5 support the idea of social change and show evidence of the social classes that formed

Document 1 by Karl Marx demonstrates a splitting society between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat as he tries to explain the struggle to the Russian middle class and serfs of the 19th century.

Topic Sentence #2- Document 3 and 6 demonstrate political unrest and peasant revolts in Russia.

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Thesis:
Russia was impacted more by the Political Revolution than the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century because of changes in government structures, revolutions, and changes in the class structure.

Topic Sentence #1
In 19th century Russia, groups on the bottom of the class structure were given more freedom, despite this, they still remained on the bottom. (Documents 1, 2, 5)

Historical Evidence:
Document 5 shows wealthy Russians being pulled on a cart by freed but still poor serfs.

Sourcing:
(HS) - Serfs have been freed for 11 years but are still serving their masters.
(P) - This photograph shows the wealth disparity between the nobility and the freed serfs.