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Earthquake Destruction | National Geographic

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- Sea Floor Magnetism: Stripes of magnetic material in the seafloor provide strong evidence for tectonic theory.

-Fossil Evidence: The continents have moved a great deal in the history of the planet, but they carry records of where they’ve been. Some of this evidence is the fossils of animals and plants. Tropical species found in the Antarctic and similar fossils found in western Africa and eastern South America tell a story of where those land masses used to be.

- Direct Measurement: Modern technology gives us a range of ways to directly measure the movement of tectonic plates. These methods are based around the idea of measuring distance between two points on Earth by using some intermediary transmitter in space.

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Continent-continent convergence creates some of the world’s largest mountains ranges. Magma cannot penetrate this thick crust, so there are no volcanoes, although the magma stays in the crust.

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Continental Oceanic Convergent Boundary Lab

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SciVis Plate Tectonic Project Continental Continental Convergence Test

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Uploaded by 8thGradeEarthScience on 2014-01-22.

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When oceanic crust converges with continental crust, the denser oceanic plate plunges beneath the continental plate. This process, called subduction, occurs at the oceanic trenches.

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Continental Oceanic Convergent Boundary Lab

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The features of a subduction zone where an oceanic plate subducts beneath another oceanic plate are the same as a continent-ocean subduction zone.

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Continental Oceanic Convergent Boundary Lab

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A convergent boundary is an actively deforming region where two or more tectonic plates or fragments of the lithosphere move toward one another and collide. The Washington-Oregon coastline of the United States is an example of this type of convergent plate boundary. Here the Juan de Fuca oceanic plate is subducting beneath the westward moving North American continental plate.

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Examples of transform boundaries include the Alpine Fault of New Zealand, the San Andreas Fault and the Alpine FaultTransform faults are locations of recurring earthquake activity and faulting.

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Uploaded by Elizabeth Howard on 2015-01-08.

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Examples of divergent boundaries are the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Great Rift Valley. Iceland is an example of a country undergoing a continental divergent boundary. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge divides Iceland and is the boundary between the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates.

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The movement of the tectonic plates over millions of years

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The movement of the tectonic plates over millions of years. Filmed from a simulation at the Natural History Museum in Maastricht, Netherlands. You can move the globe to see different parts of the Earth at different times over millions of years by moving the outer disc.

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Source: http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/outreach/animations/drift.html

The continents are moving, along with the sea floor, at about 2 inches/year. They don't travel very far over a human life span, but it adds up over millions of years.
This animation shows the movement of the continents over the past 250 million years. It starts when dinosaurs roamed the earth. At that time, the continents were all together, forming one land mass called Pangaea.

Over the next 250 million years, the land mass broke apart and the pieces travelled to their current positions. Note the speed India travels toward Asia about 60 million years ago. The resulting collision, which continues to this day, built the Himalayas.
Credit: Jean Besse, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris