# data[].attributes.body
Caribbean Civilisation: Foun 1101 – Course Information. Academic Year 2016/2017, Semester 1

Rubric for Assessing Portfolio Peer Review Form for Portfolio Assignment.

RHODREKA STRACHAN
Team Involvement - 10
Time Management - 10
Establishing and Following Guidelines - 10
Professional Communication  - 10

Team Contributions
- Created Padlet Account, Research and Organized Information on Fashion, active in group chats, participated in discussions

Collaboration Comments
- Worked in a timely and proficient manner.

Total Score: 40/40

RENIKA NORVILLE
Team Involvement - 10
Time Management - 10
Establishing and Following Guidelines - 10
Professional Communication  - 10

Team Contributions

-  Research and Organized Information on Caribbean Culture and Expressions

Collaboration Comments
- Worked in a timely and proficient manner, participated in group chats, was able to take positive criticism.

Total Score: 40/40

KIMBERLY SOOKDEO
Team Involvement - 10
Time Management - 10
Establishing and Following Guidelines - 10
Professional Communication - 10

Team Contributions -  Research and Organized Information on Caribbean Dialect

Collaboration Comments
- Worked in a timely and proficient manner, participated in group discussions

Total Score: 40/40

ANDREW WOODS
Team Involvement - 10
Time Management - 10
Establishing and Following Guidelines - 10
Professional Communication - 10

Team Contributions - Research and Organized Information on Caribbean Language

Collaboration Comments-  worked in a timely and proficient manner, participated in group discussions

Total Score: 40/40

# data[].attributes.body
Team            Time                     Establishing and Following   Professional Average
Involvement       Management                 Guidelines                       Communication
Rhodreka Strachan 9 9 8 9 9
Renika Norville 9 9 9 8 9
Kimberly Sookdeo 8 9 9 8 9
RaSean Longley 9 9 8 9 9

# data[].attributes.body
The Caribbean is also known for its wide variety of food and national dishes which complement our culture. Many of these dishes signify our heritage and have been passed down the generations from our grandparents in the times of enslavement. It can also be stated that these dishes carry a lot of power in them regardless of the influence of outside cultures these are things that have stayed with us throughout it all and are still here to this day. Many of these dishes came about as the enslaved found creative ways to prepare the slave masters’ rejected parts of meat which was given to them as food. Their strength prevailed as they were thankful for the food and made the best of what they had. Moreover, these dishes are an important part of our culture as they are endemic to the Caribbean.

Pictured below is the national dish of Barbados, Cou-Cou and Flying Fish.

# data[].attributes.body
Mento is a style of Jamaican folk music that has greatly influenced ska and reggae music. Mento typically features acoustic instruments, such as acoustic guitar, banjo, hand drums, and the rhumba box. The rhumba box carries the bass part of the music. Mento is often confused with calypso from Trinidad and Tobago, while there are some similarities they are two different music forms.

Mento calls upon the musical traditions brought by West African slaves.They also absorbed European musical traditions, creating a new form. Slaves who could play musical instruments were often required to play music for their masters and often rewarded for such skills. The Africans created a creole music, incorporating such elements of these traditions. Some of the major mento artist are Lousie Bennett, Count Lasher, Harold Richardson, Lord Flea, Lord Fly, Alerth Bedasse with Chin's Calypso Sextet, Denzil Laing, Lord Composer, Lord Lebby, Lord Power, Hubert Porter, and Harry Belafonte.

Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago during the early to mid-20th century and spread to the rest of Caribbean Antilles and Venezuela. Its rhythms can be traced back to West African Kaiso and the arrival of French planters and their slaves from the French Antilles in the 18th century.

Calypso called upon African and French influences, and became the voice of the people. It was characterized by highly rhythmic and harmonic vocals, which was most often sung in a French Creole.

# data[].attributes.headline
Caribbean Music As The Voice of Identity.

# data[].attributes.subject
Caribbean Music As The Voice of Identity.

# data[].attributes.body
Over in Jamaica where reggae and Dancehall rule man Reggae artist speak out against the problem of domestic violence. The likes of Romain Virgo, Richie Spice, Sizzla, the band Morgan Heritage and many more. Romain Virgo released a song entitled “Mi Caan Sleep” highlighting violence especially among the youth of the country. In conclusion of this section music is a powerful tool if used correctly can have a major impact.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Artist: Romain Virgo Title: Mi Caan Sleep Lyrics: oohhh oowwwwooo well oh yes this is a serious time violence and crime and a bare gun thing di youths dem have pon dem mind ohhh dem buss it when rain a fall yuh nuh see seh dem nuh care dem ya

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
"Anthony "Mighty Gabby" Carter (born 30 March 1948) is a legendary Barbadian calypsonian and a Cultural Ambassador for the island of Barbados. He is the youngest calypsonian to win the calypso crown in Barbados at age 19 in 1968 and went on to win the Calypso king title again in 1969, 1976, 1985, 1999, 2000 and again in 2010.

# data[].attributes.headline
Caribbean Music As The Voice Of Identity.

# data[].attributes.subject
Caribbean Music As The Voice Of Identity.

# data[].attributes.body
“Can’t Find Me Bother” by Red Plastic Bag speaks about Winston Hall a man who we can argue was unfairly treated when he was an accessory to robbery and murder. He escaped from prison several times, evaded police and made it to neighboring islands until he was eventually shot by police. Plastic Bag’s sound tells us of all the places he was rumored to be occupying but was never found.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Arranged by Kenny Wallace From "Crop over at its best" BARBADOS 1987

# data[].attributes.headline
Caribbean Music As The Voice of Identity.

# data[].attributes.subject
Caribbean Music As The Voice of Identity.

# data[].attributes.body
Caribbean music is linked to culture and expression we can think of music as the voice of identity. Where many songs created illustrate the problems faced in the various countries and communities. The also speak about the beliefs and various groups/religions. In today’s society these songs are no longer called folk tales, instead they are given the name social commentary. Apart from speaking on issues facing many person in the Caribbean the music also creates an atmosphere for relaxation and enjoyment mainly in the parties and events for which they were written and produced. In Barbados The Mighty Gabby wrote many songs which followed this template. For example “jack” by Gabby relates to when Sir John Dear had a problem with Barbadians going about their normal duties around the beaches while tourist were occupying them. “Emmerton” by the same artist speaks of when residents of Emmerton were moved to Wildey so the construction of the sewage plant could begin.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Barbadian Calypsonian Anthony Carter a.k.a. "Mighty Gabby" sings the song he's best known for - Emmerton. The song, from his album "Til Now" is a dirge for the village of his birth. Emmerton, considered at the time to be one of Barbados's worst slums, was adjacent to the capital city, Bridgetown.

# data[].attributes.body
Secondly the dholak is a two handed barrel drum which is sometimes used in Trinidad, Jamaica and Guyana. It may have traditional cotton rope lacing, screw-turnbuckle. In the first case steel rings are used for tuning or pegs are twisted inside the laces. The drum is pitched, depending on size, with an interval of perhaps a perfect fourth or perfect fifth between the two heads.

# data[].attributes.headline
Caribbean Music Introduction and The Djembe

# data[].attributes.subject
Caribbean Music Introduction and The Djembe

# data[].attributes.body
The Caribbean is home to many forms of music which have been derived From African, Indian And European Communities. The African and Indian influence are the most prevalent. Where Afro-Caribbean music and Indo- Caribbean music forms were born.  However South America and Central America also influenced the Caribbean’s music. Various instruments played a major role in the development of Caribbean music. The drums were very important in the early days and still are very import in today’s music. The djembe or jembe which is rope tuned and covered in goat skin. It is a goblet drum originating from West Africa. It is carved from hardwood and is about 25 inches tall, it is played with bare hands.

# data[].attributes.body
JAMACIAN PATOIS

Patois can be defined as a regional dialect and form of language, derived mainly from the French language, it differs from the standard form, i.e., it is considered to be substandard.

Patois is relatively predominant in islands such as Dominica, Trinidad and Tobago as well as Haiti. Patois of the Lesser Antilles are dialects of French which contain some Caribe and African words. Patois is also described to be a vernacular form of English that is spoken in the Caribbean, for example, the existence of Jamaican patois. Jamaican patois exists entirely through spoken word, the standard form of English is used for writing however the use of Jamaican dialect in the literary arts have been significant in showcasing Jamaica’s cultural identity to the world. Jamaican patois consists of words that are of West African descent, particularly the Akan language of Twi, but the entire patois language takes origins from other languages such as Spanish, Hindi, Portuguese as well as Arawak. The link below is a video that allows one to learn the native Jamaican patois slang that is commonly used and how the use of this patois has grown in its popularity around the world.

# data[].attributes.body
FRENCH CREOLE

The term creole comes from a Portuguese word meaning "raised in the home.’

Since 1987, Haiti, French creole has been established to be the co official language of Haiti, along with standard French, patois is recognized to be a full language therefore this allows for the majority of Haitians whose only language is patois to participate in social, political and economic affairs of their country. The creole language in Haiti is spoken widely by over eight million citizens, the creole language is based heavily on French and entails the influences of Western African languages such as Ewe, Wolof and Fon. The Africans that were enslaved in Hispaniola, the previous name for Haiti, originally came from the west African region, hence the slaves adopted the French vocabulary used by the slave owners and modified it with their version of ewe, creating a French- African hybrid or creole language. The western part of Hispaniola was conquered by the French hence French was the primary influence of Haitian creole.
Below is a poem, entitled “ La Havanaise” wriiten in French creole by Thales Manigat which extracted from the book “Open Gate: An Anthology of Haitian Creole Poetry.”

# data[].attributes.body
PAPIAMENTO/ PAPIAMENTU

Papiamento is described to be a creole language that encapsulates elements of various languages such as Portuguese, Spanish, French and Dutch, English as well as Arawakan and African influences. Papiamento is widely spoken by the islands od Curacao, Bonaire as well as Aruba, it is considered to be an official language alongside other languages such as Dutch and English throughout these islands. This language is employed in the use of literature, and is used in published medium such as newspapers and magazines. Despite Papiamento being characterized as creole, it is widely recognized as in August 1987, the elementary level school that employed Papiamento as the medium of instruction was established. It is described to be a tonal language, i.e., there is great use of low-high tones as well as high-low tones, the word stress falls on the main syllable and departure from which are marked with an accent.

The following is a poem, “KAIDA” written by Dwight Paul Isebia who illustrates his Curacaoan identity with the use of the Papiamento dialect.

KAÍDA

“Ta mihor nunk

abo a bira para

pa haña hala

y bula bai

Pasobra duru

ta e kaída

p’esun ku ta kere

ku e no por kai

(DPI 1985)

THE FALL

(English translation of KAÍDA)

It would have been better

If you had not

become a bird

to get the wing

sand to be ableto fly away

As for the person thinking

that he cannot fall

,falling is very hard.”

(DPI 2011)

# data[].attributes.body
The languages spoken in the Caribbean are representative of the region’s rich and diverse culture and history. Dialect can be defined as the language spoken by a people that is a distinct variety of a language that differs from standard form. Dialect encompasses the phonology, spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar that is employed by particular groups of people which distinguishes their identity both socially and geographically. The linguistic territory of the Caribbean is defined the existence of a variety of languages, each has its own unique structure and origins.

ENGLISH CREOLE

There are diverse forms of English spoken throughout the Caribbean. The origin of English creole began with a pidgin language that was form during the beginning of the plantation era where millions of native Africans were transported to various Caribbean islands to be exploited as slaves. A pidgin language can be defined as contact vernaculars, the use of this language arises when two speakers of a different languages require communication, therefore the pidgin utilizes elements of the native languages as well as simplified grammar in order to allow some form of communication, pidgin however, is not a native language. However, the pidgin language used initially on the plantations remained the main form of communication between the settlers and the slaves, becoming the first language spoken by children, shows that its evolution and development of its structure, grammar and vocabulary into what is known as creole. English Creole language is predominant in islands that were conquered by the British such as Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, British Virgin Islands, Grenada, Guyana and so on.

For example, in Trinidad and Tobago, English is the official language of the islands, however, the use of both Trinidadian and Tobagonian Creole English are more predominantly spoken. The creole language in Trinidad and Tobago also has origins from other language such as Spanish, French, native west African languages as well as Dutch.Trinidadian English Creole is considered to be the language of national identity throughout the country as well as the diaspora that exists in other countries. It served to the main means of informal communication across all ethnic and racial groups that co-exist in the country. Trinidadian dialect is described as “sing-song”, which is a rising and falling inflection or intonation as well as its dropping of final consonants and lack of pluralization. The below picture illustrates phrases and meanings that are popularly used throughout Trinidad and Tobago.

# data[].attributes.body
Sporting in the Caribbean plays a huge role in helping to define our identity and express our culture. Sports such as cricket and track and field are the most known for developing our identity within the sport industry. Cricket has been a part of our culture from as long as the 1890s and it’s most influential game occurred when the Windies played against England and won for the first time. This was a big deal seeing that England was one of the main colonizers here in the Caribbean and therefore was accustomed to having authority over the islands. However, this victory was like a slap in the face to England as the territory which they had majority rule over could now step up to the plate and defeat them. This also placed great pride in the persons in the Caribbean as the region went on to have a very successful career in the sport. However, the successful of the career has begun to decline in recent years as the culture evolves and persons have gravitated towards other sports such as basketball, where there are more educational scholarships being offered. Moreover, as the influence of fast paced living is emphasized, a shorter form of the sport known as T20 has been developed. Below we see an image of the male West Indies Cricket team celebrate their win in the T20 series earlier this year (2016) which was also a victory over England.

# data[].attributes.body
Below is a video which highlights the prevalence of bleaching or skin lightening in Jamaica which is now a cultural norm. As previously stated, culture is dynamic especially in the Caribbean where racism is high. Since slavery we have been cultured to think that darker skin is bad and the Eurocentric standards of beauty don’t help us love ourselves more in anyway. Through bleaching, persons believe that they can attain a whiter complexion and this will benefit them. In this video we see the harmful things that we as a people are doing to ourselves just to fit in with the rest of the world instead of loving ourselves.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.entities[].name
Common Side Effects Of Skin Lightening Cream

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Talking to Jamaicans about the skin bleaching trend

# data[].attributes.headline
Culture and Expression Continued: Festivals

# data[].attributes.subject
Culture and Expression Continued: Festivals

# data[].attributes.body
Our identity as a Caribbean is also hindered by the way in which it is portrayed by the media in the United States of America and in Europe. These nations’ voices are the loudest in the media world. In America, Hollywood is known for its prevalence in the film industry. “Pirates of The Caribbean” is one of the most famous films related to the Caribbean and it is in this film and its sequels that persons from outside the region get the stereotypical notion that there are actually still pirates in the Caribbean. Therefore, what they see in these movies is sometimes what they expect when they pay the island a visit. How are we to retain our identity if we are being consistently labelled as something we are not by the most powerful and influential nations in the world?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kc-cnnubGWE
Above is a video link to an inside look of the crop over Festival in Barbados with background music from local artists.

Festivals in the Caribbean may be used as an example of our cultural expression. Through festivals, we are able to display the music, dance and other forms of art which are a prominent part of Caribbean culture. Moreover, many of the Caribbean festivals do have an underlying meaning to them. For example, in Barbados, Crop Over is celebrated with the climax being the day of the Kadooment Parade where thousands of persons whether local, regional and international take part. Crop Over is literally the festival which celebrates the ending of the sugar cane crop season in Barbados and was started on the sugar plantations during colonial times. As we have read throughout the course, sugar cane was one of the prominent crops being grown and harvested throughout the Caribbean in colonial times and it is on these plantations where many of the enslaved engaged in harsh labour. Other examples of festivals in the Caribbean include Junkanoo in The Bahamas and Carnival in Trinidad. Festivals also influence our identity where persons often relate them to the Caribbean. Moreover, in present times these festivals have become huge foreign exchange earners in the Caribbean as persons from around the globe hear of the festivities and travel to be a part of them. Festivals help also to display our music and dance forms along with the creativity of costume making from local designers. Below is a picture of our local singing sensation Rihanna at the Crop Over Festival sporting her costume.

# data[].attributes.headline
"The Melting Pot" of Religion in the Caribbean

# data[].attributes.subject
"The Melting Pot" of Religion in the Caribbean

# data[].attributes.body
There are many religions which exists in the Caribbean today, as the Caribbean can be defined as a 'melting pot' of various cultures and backgrounds. Some of these existent religions includes:

Hinduism widely found throughout Trinidad and Tobago

Islam

Baha'i

Mormonism (Latter Day Saints)

Judaism

Jainism (Ancient Indian Religion)

Afro- American Religion - Orisha, Yoruba

In all, the diversity of religion reflects the rich history of the Caribbean, where slave masters, colonialists, indentured workers and migrants brought their unique practices and faith to the various Caribbean Islands. As it was illustrated, depending on the ciivilization of the Islands we see a dominant religion which can allude to the fact of exactly which territorty they belong to (Britian, Spain, France).

Religion for the most part has given roups a sense of identity within a larger group (population) where individuals are able to freely practice their religion. Religion is important to the Caribbean because it tells a story that only could be told by examining the beliefs of

# data[].attributes.body
In the photograph below we see black persons coming from the Western World and the persons from Egypt and other parts of Africa (represented by the Pyraminds and Tree of the Savanna Plains) being brought together in unity in Africa. The image of Selassie on the Lion of Judah is representative of the reincarnation that Rastafarians believe in.  Also there is a depiction of the war tanks from the cities that have led to the forceful blood shed of Africans that is current and present in Africa.

# data[].attributes.body
Rastafarianism originates in Jamaica with founder, Marcus Garvey, and can be found widespread throughout the world. It is their belief that the soul would be reincarnated and return to Africa. The principles are mainly consistant with that of Christianity but on the other hand purports social and political issues. This Religion is known to be distinctly Caribbean although it is Pro-African.

"Nyabinghi was originally the name for a cultural movement calling for the death of black and white oppressors. This was important because it recognized the role of blacks in the oppression of other blacks."
Extracted from:http://caribya.com/caribbean/religion/rastafarian/

# data[].attributes.body
The Caribbean identity is a very diverse and complex topic. For one, an identity may be defined as the individual characteristics which are associated with a person. It may be as simple as a piece of jewellery which is often worn by a person and this becomes a part of the person’s identity. It may however be more complex as is seen in trying to define the identity of the Caribbean. Through Caribbean culture and expression the issue of identity will be explored. It is important to note however that culture is dynamic.

How can we have an independent identity when our existence as a region is greatly determined by the super powers of the world i.e. The United States of America and Europe. Caribbean territories all have a shared history where they were once ruled directly by a European power such as Spain or England and many of their culture was brought here for us to adapt to. Moreover, many of the native folks to the Caribbean such as the neo-Indians no longer traverse the islands as they were overran by the slave industry. Here is our first cultural expression issue. Our culture is so very diverse that it is difficult to fit everything under one definition.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTbGkop7mss

In the above video “Jack,” The Mighty Gabby, a Barbadian artist, speaks out about the Government trying to privatize beaches where he argues that the beaches belong to the people and they should be allowed to use them freely. This is synonymous to the enslavement of many civilizations. Where the native were accustomed having their land to themselves to do with as they please. This however changed when European nations forced entry and took over the islands. In another video entitled “Emmerton” he speaks about the ways in which persons are displaced to facilitate industrialization. An ongoing issue here in the Caribbean and was recently seen in Rio, Brazil for the 2016 Olympics. Moreover, this speaks directly to the slave trade, where persons from Africa were made to move from their homeland. Therefore, the identity of the Caribbean is hindered by the fact that many of the native and true persons from the ancestral civilizations are extinct and have been replaced by East-Indians, Africans and even Asians along with Europeans. Moreover, how can we currently have an independent identity when there are many immigrants in our nations who, bring with them their cultural norms and influence our culture.

# data[].attributes.body
The Dominican Republic and Martinique accounts for the majority of Roman Catholic followers in the Caribbean (95%) with Jamaica and Barbados being the minimal (4%). It is important to note that such islands were not claimed by the British, therefore it can be inferred that these indegenous people were endoctrinated into Catholicism and through the years, the religion had remained dominant.

Protestant
The Protestant denomination consists of Anglican, Baptist, Pentecostal, Methodist etc.
This denomination is more commonly found in the Anglophone Caribbean. The Protestant faith and Roman Catholic consist of shared beliefs however, there are a few distinctions which makes them different. The Protestant Churches are those that did not conform with the principles of the Roman Catholic Church.
The British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos most commonly identify with the Protestant faith as their population consists of (86%) of the same.

Both Catholicism and Protestant faith were epistemologically integrated into the Caribbean society by Colonialists and Slave Masters, and remained depending on the colonizers of the country.

# data[].attributes.body
The Creole religion was commonly practiced in the Francophone and Hispanophone (Spanish) Caribbean. In the French Islands, most popularly Haiti, Voodoo/Vodun is practiced, and in Spanish Islands (Cuba), Santeria is practiced. These religions were formed by slaves that added personality to Catholicism and practiced as a form of undetected unity by slave masters. On other islands, there is the practice of Obeah, Myal, Espiritismo and Quimbosis which deals with witchcraft and healing.

*Interesting fact taken from :
http://www.africanholocaust.net/news_ah/africa%20before%20slavery.htm

Myth: West and Central Africans received their first exposure to Christianity in the New World.

Fact: Most Africans learned about Christianity as they learned about the European trade in enslaved Africans. A few Catholic missionary activities began in the central African kingdom of Kongo half a century before Columbus's voyages of discovery and Kongo converted to Catholicism in 1491

Santeria being taught and practiced

# data[].attributes.body
The Caribbean being dynamically diverse has receivedmost of its epistemological culture distinctly religion from Europe. The Spanish and French indoctrinated slaves from Africa to practice Catholicism. The British on the other hand brought the ideology of the Protestant whilst the Dutch evoked both Catholicism and Dutch Reform Beliefs. The broad religion that encompasses such denominations - Christianity is found to be most dominant and widespread throughout the Caribbean.

Embedded African Religious Practices

It takes more than a horrifying transatlantic voyage chained in the filthy hold of a slave ship to erase someone's culture

- Maya Angelou

Before Africans sold into slavery were "brain washed" by the Slave Trade, to forget a pass life that existed and conform to a new way of life, there were established rights and beliefs that were practiced. Thus, rooted, there is a unique mixture of the epistemological religion and aforementioned practices and rites that are present and infiltrates what was known as traditional religion.

Quote by Fredrick Douglass (1845)

# data[].attributes.body
The traditional costume in St. Kitts and Nevis is known as the masquerade.  This masquerade has very strong roots in the Yoruba tradition in Nigeria.  The mirrors, feathers, ribbons and handkerchiefs all are representation of African's past and their religious influence.

Another traditional costume within St. Kitts and Nevis is the the national costume.  The traditional costume was worn by enslaved Africans in the 17th and 18th century; the style was influenced by the style of the Europeans.

Lastly, the use of the feathers on the costume's in Caribbean festivals in today's society is a practice that was adopted from history.  The feathers have been used in the past by Africans to acknowledge their ability to rise above the pain, illness and hardship; it was a way for the Africans to get closer to heaven.

The Caribbean can receive a portion of its identity through the fashion of the islands. Most of the traditional costumes that are worn throughout the Caribbean are connected to the  history of the island nations. The costumes are worn to respect, acknowledge and adore the history of the islands. The revelation that there is much similarity between the national costumes of the islands of the Caribbean it can be argued that fashion plays an integral role in the identity of the Caribbean It is because of the Western influence and urban popularity that many people of the Caribbean are attempting to create individuality in their style of dressing. Hence, the people of the Caribbean can explore individuality once there is dualism with regards to the traditional style of dressing and the modern style of dressing.

# data[].attributes.body
Modern day fashion within the Caribbean has been influenced by countries outside of the Caribbean. If we are to reflect upon the fashion in Caribbean history we can see commonality between the islands and their various styles of dressing.  The Wob Dwiyet, also known as, "madras"is an ensemble that was inspired by French style of dressing in the 17th and 18th century; the colonial heritage of the islands. This style of dressing is still prominent throughout Caribbean Francophone, St. Lucia and Dominica.
In Jamaica and Trinidad, an outfit similar to the Wob Dwiyet is worn, it is called the quadrille.  This gown has been in existence throughout the Caribbean since the late 18th and early 19th century.  It was inspired by the Europeans and the colonies that came under their rule wore these outfits. In  Haiti, the outfits are known as "karabela."Much of Trinidad and Tobago has been inspired by the traditional Indian attire. This Indian culture has inspired many Trinidadians to wear articles such as sari, shalraw and lehenga. This represents the indentured Indian laborers that were taken to the island by British colonizers.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Yatra - The Journey of the Indian Presence in Trinidad and Tobago - Promo (Anita Chandradath Singh)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
'Yatra - The Journey of the Indian Presence in Trinidad and Tobago' is a documentary film co-produced by Casska Enterprises USA, Inc. and CCN TV6. Written and directed by Anita Chandradath Singh, it is a compilation of the documentary series that originally aired on TV6 in Trinidad and Tobago, to commemorate the 150th anniversary of 'Indian Arrival Day' in 1995.