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Reflection of Caribbean Civilization- Cadijah Mars (414001558)

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Reflection of Caribbean Civilization- Cadijah Mars (414001558)

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The Caribbean Civilazion course helped me tremendously with understanding what the Caribbean was like in the past, compared to what it is now. I have never taken a History course at any point, so I barely had any knowledge about our past Caribbean, outside of the general things I was thought. This scared me because I thought the FOUN1001 course was going to me a tough one due to the fact that I hardly had any knowledge. However, fortunately this course has broadened my knowledge about the Caribbean History, and with the addition of the novel, I am now able to look at the historic Caribbean cultures and lives from a whole different perspective. At the start of the course, they were plenty of things that I was unsure about. But now, I am pleased to say that there was a tremendous improvement with regards to my general knowledge about the Caribbean and its history. With the addition of a few obstacles in the way, like meeting assignment dates and times as well as completing the novel, I have learnt a lot.

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Caribbean Civilization Reflection Pius Emilien (416001053)

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Caribbean Civilization Reflection Pius Emilien (416001053)

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The course Caribbean Civilization was not as difficult as i had thought it was in that what was taught i could easily picture it in my head which made it easier to fit what was taught into the reality of the Caribbean. Having done this course i have learnt many things but one thing in particular will stay with me is the untrue myths being spread about the Caribbean. For me i did not know that untrue statements were being made about the Caribbean which in turn helped me open my eyes to the reality of what others outside the Caribbean really think of us. All in all the positives of this course really taught me more in detail about the Caribbean and as a person living here i should appreciate it a lot more

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Reflection on the Caribbean Civilisation - Nsizwe Stewart ID# 416000426

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Reflection on the Caribbean Civilisation - Nsizwe Stewart ID# 416000426

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The Caribbean Civilization Course has allowed me to garner additional information as it relates to the Caribbean, its experiences, identity, and the vast array of cultures it has to offer. It has also allowed me to hone my analytical and thinking  skills in assessing questions and situations and relating it to the Caribbean specifically. However, the course was not without its challenges both within and outside of my control. Meeting deadlines proved difficult as there were many other assignments to prepare and submitted. Furthermore, there were technical and administrative challenges that, in my estimation had they been corrected would have made the course more user friendly and easier to navigate. Additionally, there was a major issue as it relates to clear explanation and transfer of information from administration to student. Summarily, the course proved a positive one and with work it can prove to be one of the most interesting courses one can undergo at university.

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Some patrons at Trinidad Carnival - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Some patrons at Trinidad Carnival - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Carnival is Here - Trinidad and Tobago Carnival 2016

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So for this Carnival I returned to town. With my camera in my hand and drone in tow. This year, I quietly observed my surroundings and captured the happiness and excitement in and around our annual Carnival celebrations. http://kensambury.com/carnival-is-here/ Carnival for me is freedom.

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Cadijah Mars 41401558                                  Playing of steel pans in Trinidad and Tobago

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Cadijah Mars 41401558                                  Playing of steel pans in Trinidad and Tobago

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Patrons at Trinidad Carnival - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Patrons at Trinidad Carnival - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Trinidad and Tobago National cricket team, T20winners - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Trinidad and Tobago National cricket team, T20winners - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Trinidad and Tobago Under 20 women in the World cup qualifiers -Cadijah Mars 414001558 

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Trinidad and Tobago Under 20 women in the World cup qualifiers -Cadijah Mars 414001558 

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Cadijah Mars 414001558                             Trinidadian popular rap artist "Nicki Minaj"

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Cadijah Mars 414001558                             Trinidadian popular rap artist "Nicki Minaj"

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Trinidad and Tobago                                              Queens Park Oval in Port of Spain - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Trinidad and Tobago                                              Queens Park Oval in Port of Spain - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Junkanoo

Junkanoo Carnival

Junior Junkanoo

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National Instrument of Trinidad and Tobago -Cadijah Mars 414001558 

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National Instrument of Trinidad and Tobago -Cadijah Mars 414001558 

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The national instrument of Trinidad and Tobago is the steel pan. It is a musical instrument indigenous to Trinidad and Tobago whose early evolution dates back to the 1930's and 40's. The steel pan was traditionally made from a steel drum or container, it is a definite percussion instrument in the idiophone class.

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Music of Trinidad and Tobago - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Music of Trinidad and Tobago - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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The music of Trinidad and Tobago is best known for its calypso music, soca music and steel pan including its internationally noted performances in the 1950's from native artists such as Lord Kitchener and Mighty Sparrow. The art form was most populated at the time by Harry Belafonte.
Soca music is also known as the soul of calypso. It is a genre of Caribbean music that originated within a marginalized subculture in Trinidad and Tobago in the late 1970's and developed into a range of styles in the 1980's and later.
Trinidad and Tobago has also produced popular rap star "Nicki Minaj" who continues to win big awards like the grammy.

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Sports in Trinidad and Tobago - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Sports in Trinidad and Tobago - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Cricket stands out as one of the most popular sports in Trinidad and Tobago. There are a number of Trinidadian cricketers on the West Indies team. The major ground is The Queens Park Oval in Port of Spain where club, first class and test matches are played. Guaracara Park in Pointe - a - Pierre is also another popular cricket venue in Trinidad.
Football and athletics have also grown tremendously throughout the years. Several Trinidad football players have gained professional contracts in England and Europe. This is a result of the professional league for men and women played in Trinidad.

The history of the TT Pro League which is formerly known as the Professional Football League) has its roots spanning back to the 1970's and 1980's when Trinidad and Tobago experienced an upswing in support for its domestic football. Several of the national team players featured for Defense Force during its dominance of the National League, which included the Teteron Boys becoming the first Trinidadian and only second club from CONCACAF to accomplish the continental table in 1985. In addition, the national team also rose to prominence in the late 1980's after falling short by one match of qualification for the nation's first FIFA World Cup in 1989. Optimism for the growth and community interest of football in Trinidad and Tobago was at an all-time high. However, the early 1990's would mark a low point in Trinidad and Tobago football. In 1993, after a streak of poor performances, the Soca Warriors gave its worst ever showing in the 1993 Caribbean Cup after finishing a disappointing third, which was preceded by an early exit from its '94 for Sure campaign to qualify for the 1994 FIFA World Cup hosted in the United States. Trinidad under 20 women played against USA in the 2014 Women u20 World Cup

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History of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival- Cadijah Mars 414001558

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History of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival- Cadijah Mars 414001558

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The ”Cedula Population” of 1783 laid the foundation and growth of the population of Trinidad. The Spanish who were in possession of the island, contributed little towards advancements, with El Dorado the focus, Trinidad was perfect due to its geographical location. French planters with their slaves, free color reds and mulattoes from near islands like Martinique, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Guadeloupe and Dominica migrated to the Trinidad during the French Revolution. The Spanish also gave many incentives to lure settlers to the island, including exemption from taxes for ten years and land grants according to the terms set out in the Cedula. These new immigrants establishing local communities. Trinidad's population jumped to over 15,000 by the end of 1789, from just under 1,400 in 1777. In 1797, Trinidad became a British crown colony, with a French-speaking population. This exodus was encouraged due to the French Revolution.

Beginning in 1845, major influxes of indentured immigrants from India and other parts of the world dramatically changed the ethnic composition of the islands. These indentured “slaves” brought their own folk music, primarily from Bihar to the creole mix, resulting in "chutney music". In addition to Indians, Syrians, Portuguese, Chinese and Africans came to the islands in waves between 1845 and 1917, and even after

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Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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The Trinidad and Tobago Carnival is an annual event held on the Monday and Tuesday before Ash Wednesday in Trinidad and Tobago. The event is well known for participants'

colorful costumes and exuberant celebrations. Carnival is the most significant event on the islands' cultural and tourism calendar, with numerous cultural events such as "band launch fetes" running in the lead up to the street parade on Carnival Monday and Tuesday. It is said that if the islanders are not celebrating it, then they are preparing for it, while reminiscing about the past year's festival. Traditionally, the festival is associated with calypso music; however, recently "soca" music has replaced calypso as the most celebrated type of music. Costumes, stick-fighting and limbo competitions are also important components of the festival.

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Trinidad and Tobago - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Trinidad and Tobago - Cadijah Mars 414001558

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Trinidad and Tobago was “discovered” in 1498. In reality, they were already “found” and occupied by the indigenous American tribes of the Arawak and Caribs.

Trinidad is a dual-island Caribbean nation located near to Venezuela, it contains distinctive Creole traditions and cuisines. Trinidad’s capital is Port of Spain, hosts a boisterous carnival featuring calypso and “soca” music.

The smaller island is known Tobago and is recognized for its beaches and the Tobago Main Ridge Forest Reserve, which shelters hummingbirds.

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St. Lucia's Olympic Team - Jade` Agard 416000904

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St. Lucia's Olympic Team - Jade` Agard 416000904

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Cricket with Prince Harry - Jade` Agard 416000904

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Cricket with Prince Harry - Jade` Agard 416000904

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National Cricket Team - Jade` Agard 416000904

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National Cricket Team - Jade` Agard 416000904

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National Football Team

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The first and only St. Lucian cricketer to picked for the West indies male team.

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The first woman to score a century in Test Cricket annd now captains the West Indies female team.

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2016 Bacchanal Jamaica Carnival Highlights (Short Version)

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2016 Bacchanal Jamaica Carnival Highlights featuring appearances from Kes, Machel Montano, Usain Bolt, Tessanne Chin, Voice, Lyrikal, Kaci Fennell (2014 Miss Jamaica Universe) & More. Music By: Kevin Crown, Nuphoric, Barrie Hype + Private Ryan, Back To Basics + Tony X, Duchess & More. Video shot and edited by Julian @Julianspromos (http://www.Julianspromos.com).

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Track and Field - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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Track and Field - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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track ad field is a major sport that is celebrated in Jamaica. Athletes such as Usain Bolt and Shelly Ann Fraser-Pryce have made there mark in the world as two of the fastest running athletes. competing in events such as the Olympics to represent the country, tough it comes only once e every four years, the island raves non stop of the ongoing success of the countries athletes. Running, having originated as far back as colonial times, when slaves made several escape attempts from plantations via running, it has only evolved into what it has become today. Their running having expressed their feelings towards slavery at the time, and their need for freedom runs parallel to what the sport represents today, that being a level of freedom that comes with track.

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The Jamaican national football team, popularly known as the 'Reggae Boyz' is run by the Jamaica football federation, which is the governing body for football in Jamaica. in the early 20th century before Jamaica received Independence the reggae boys surfaced when invited to play

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The Sunshine Girls, is the national female netball team that represents the country in various netball competitions world wide. Having won several of those competitions and placing 3rd three times in the World Championship, Jamaica has become known for a prominent female netball squad

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JAMAICA - SPORTS - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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JAMAICA - SPORTS - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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Sports is a significant part of the Jamaican culture. originating from British colonialism some of the major sports celebrated in Jamaica are Track and field, football and women's netball. Popular

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In cricket Darren Sammy was the first and only St. Lucian cricketer to picked for the West indies male team; hence, Nadine George, who was the first woman to score a century in Test Cricket, now captains the West Indies female team. The island usually hosts games for the West Indies four-day competition.

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Cricket and football are the most popular sports played on the island; however, tennis, volleyball, netball, swimming and basketball are gaining popularity on the island.

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Zouk which is indigenous to Martinique made its way over to St. Lucia; this style of music blends a variety of Caribbean, African and North American music styles. Many describe the rhythm like soca although it is not as straight forward but has more of a sophisticated rhythmic pattern. The dance is not choreographed or just a spin waist movement but rather a sophisticated sway, as though you can feel the music when you dance. Zouk has emerged as cultural pride for the French Antilles; with this being said, majority of all the songs are in French.

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Comment,Rate,Like Please!!!!] NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT INTENDED!! Please Subscribe !!

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St. Lucian Festivals - Jade` Agard 416000904

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St. Lucian Festivals - Jade` Agard 416000904

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·         Saint Lucian Jazz festival- May to June (two weeks)

·         Fishermen’s Feast (The Feast of St. Peter)- June 29

·         Carnival- July

·         La Rose Festival- August 30

·         Les Marguerite Festival- October 17

·         Saint Lucia Bill Fishing Tournament- October or November (4 days)

·         Jounen Kweyol- last Sunday in October

·         Atlantic Rally for Crusiers- December

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Video Highlights of The Saint lucia Jazz And Arts Festival 2015 | Dreamvision

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www.stluciajazz.org - Highlights of the Saint Lucia Jazz & Arts Festival 2015 main stage events at the Pigeon Island National Park.

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St. Lucian Government has become fond of the arts and it production and stimulation of economic growth. Saint Lucia boasts Derek Walcott, a Nobel prize-winner, who has written many playwrights which is inspired by the creolization movement. Graphic arts receive a less attention than a literature or performance; however, the art is economical as Saint Omer family’s art can be seen in public murals, some found in the churches of the island.

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Jump Toxik Nation updated his cover photo.

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The music is that of a high-energy tempo which originated in Trinidad and Tobago. The beat is creative and straight forward and it lyrics relate to local patois, slang, expressions or are sexually charged. Soca is designed to make you dance as the song usually has choreographed dance associated with it. Soca has such an influence that a Soca Monarch is held during Carnival.

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Saveion - O.M.D (One More Day) :::Wahalla Riddim::: (Lyric Video) (Minor Prodz)

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DOWNLOAD: http://www.mediafire.com/download/3mn... When the season is all over we all feel that tabanca. Don't you just wish Carnival was more than just two days? Minor Productions presents "One More Day" by Saveion on the Wahalla riddim.

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Fried Lambi Fritters

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Without calypso or kaiso there would be no carnival. The origin of the word calypso is still being debated scholars as it can be said the word may have derived from many different origins; such as those who believe the word is derived from the Ibo people and means ‘bravo’ or ‘sing it again’, Hispanic scholars believe the word is derived from ‘carousseaux’ which means to carrouse and Amerindian scholars believe it is derived from the word ‘carieto’ meaning joyous song. Calypsonians compose songs based on world events, social conditions as well as emotions. Songs are composed every year to suit the current affairs. For the first Monarch contestants had to submit three songs dealing with sexual, political, and social life. Some calypsonians went by the name of the Mighty Bass and King Cobra. Steel Bands which were the newest instrument of the 20th century, made their first appearance in 1948 on the first public holiday.

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Maguiler - D Rum That Do You That (lucian soca)

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Creole is one of the oldest styles of music; it is played by Chak-Chak bands which feature a violin, banjo and African style drums. Quadrille, a traditional local dance, is done whilst the music is playing in creole apparel. Chak-Chak is a fading genre but some resorts still feature bands for the entertainment of the guests. is a more informal form of Lucian folk music, and is performed at dances, wakes and other social events; performers improvise comedic and often biting or lyrics. Creole is also known as Jwe which is a more informal form of Lucian folk music, and is performed at dances, wakes and other social events; performers improvise comedic and often biting or lyrics.

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Folk music icon Ives Simeon dies at 77 November 3, 2011 CASTRIES, CMC - The arts and cultural community here mourned the acclaimed folk violinst Joseph Ives Simeon, who died on Wednesday at the age of 77. Simeon was a "violinist extraordinaire", and a three-time winner of national violin competitions nationally, the Folk Research Centre (FRC) said in a statement.

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Saint Lucia provides a wide selection of music from creole to steel pan. Visitors come to the island expecting to be entertained with vibrant and beautiful music which Saint Lucia never fails to disappoint.

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Their food habits reflect that of the plantation era consisting of starches and animal proteins; starches such as eddoes, yams, dasheen, and breadfruit as well as animal protein such as pigtail, chicken back and saltfish. The national dish of St. Lucia is green fig and saltfish; the green fig is boiled and the saltfish is made into a stew. Typical dishes which you may find in St. Lucia are accra which is a fishcake with salted cod and spices, lambi which is conk, callaloo soup which is made from dasheen leaves as well as buyon which made with cooked meat, plantains, dasheen and yam. The Lucians serve food after or before events such as christenings, weddings, and funerals as well prestigious beverages such as gin or brandy.

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Lucian carnival is one of St. Lucia’s biggest secular and extravagant activities. Every year in the capital of Castries, thousands of people fill the streets to parade to the newest calypso and soca hits. Carnival represents the islands African and Catholic Heritage. The official launch of carnival starts and concludes in July. Saint Lucian Carnival is one of the most exciting carnivals of today. Children even get to join on the fun as a Carnival is held just for them with bands such as Just 4 Fun Kids and Carnival Babeez. On Carnival day, thousands can be seen parading in colourful bands, such as Toxik Nation or Red Rebellion, which depict aspects of the island like their beautiful landscapes. These costumes are hand-crafted and made from material such as feathers, wire, pipe and fabric.

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Saint Lucia Carnival 2016 || DreamVision (HD)

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Shot & edited by- Kermany "Loggo" Lionel (DreamVision) https://www.facebook.com/dreamvisionslu Instagram: @_loggo Drone Footage- Wavemaker Production https://www.facebook.com/wavemakerevents/ IG- @wavemakerproductions Songs- Savieon- one more day (Minor Production) Teddyson John- No Code Sedale- MVP (1st Klase Remix) Mac 11- Padners(roadmix)

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History of Carnival - Jade` Agard 416000904

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History of Carnival - Jade` Agard 416000904

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Saint Lucia Carnival was started after World War II. The first documented carnival was in 1947 when a few young people dressed in ragged clothes; beating and creating rhythms from plastic bottles and pieces of steel as they paraded through the streets of Castries. On ‘Shrove Tuesday’ which is also known as Mardi Gras, people started to create costumes which lead to parades being held during the day. In 1948 the British Administrator made Shrove Tuesday a public holiday. It is said that costumes in 1948 were so hot that it leads to the great fire which destroyed the city of Castries.

The Physical and Culture Club hosted the first King and Queen competition in 1950. Persons would register and voting bulletins were printed in a local newspaper. The major judgement for the voters was charm and personality. When the winning couple was unveiled, they would parade through the streets of Castries so that the people could see the winners. The Carnival was recently moved from its original date before the Pre-Lenten season to July where the tourism sector of Carnival would no longer have to compete with Trinidad and Tobago Carnival.

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Lucian History and Culture - Jade` Agard 416000904

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Lucian History and Culture - Jade` Agard 416000904

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On the 22nd February, 1979 St. Lucia became an independent state of the Commonwealth. The island was first inhabited by the Amerindians and then colonialised by the Europeans. The original name of St. Lucia was ‘Sainte Alousie’ which was given the island by the French. St. Lucian's are mostly bilingual but speak mainly English as well as Patwa. Patwa was derived from a mixture of French and the African language. The issue of language depicts the struggle of a state trying to emerge from its colonial past to define its identity. Through defining its identity, after becoming independent, symbols of national status appeared such as a crest, a flag, and an anthem.  Saint Lucia has a long colonial as the trials of the eighteenth-century lead to the changing hand from the British to the Spaniards fourteen times. The island was finally ceded to the British in 1814 and colonialism ended in 1979. The island consists of persons mainly of an African or mixed African decent but also has a small minority of those who have East Indian ancestry. After colonialism, the island had its fair share of economic booms and busts; when sugar cane began to factor a change was made to the export of bananas. This opened the market for small rural producers and prospered throughout the era of the 1960s to 1990s.

Gender roles, race as well as the distinction of rich and poor still exist due to colonialism. Within the scope of gender roles, agricultural labour is performed by both sexes but fishing is the job of a male and domesticated work is that of the job of the female. Persons of races which have fair complexion or those who clearer than others are preferred and have high end jobs. Even though a middle class has developed the strong distinction of rich and poor still exist leading to substandard living conditions.

Children are socialized through the homes of relatives especially grandparents. From an early age children have a vast freedom which becomes restricted to females as they reach the age of puberty to avoid early pregnancies.

Most St. Lucians, due the colonial control of the French, are Roman Catholic; however, many have been converted through protestant sects. Even though many have been converted some religious practices stay on such as religious funerals and burials. Lucians’ host wakes which occur in the evening of the death and at least one person of a household in the village is expected to attend. The deceased is dressed in their best clothing and placed inside the house for viewing; those attending, view the body, and are served strong coffee and white rum at intervals throughout the event. The mood set inside of the house is very solemn but outside is festive and boisterous as games are played and jokes are told.

Saint Lucia is an island full of diversity and filled with life and arts even though it has been damaged by its colonial past. Lucian culture is vibrant with hues of colonialism which still impacts their way of life; one might Saint Lucia is well on its way to developing its identity.

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Introduction Saint Lucia - Jade` Agard 416000904 

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Introduction Saint Lucia - Jade` Agard 416000904 

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Saint Lucia is found in the Eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary of the Atlantic Ocean. St. Lucia is also a part of the Lesser Antilles, with its positioning being northeast of St. Vincent, Northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique; the haven is 237.84 sq. miles or 616 km sq. The island consists of tapered mountains, volcanic beaches, luxury resorts and fishing villages as well as trails which go through the rain forest which lead to waterfalls.

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Jade` Agard 416000904 - Reflection of Caribbean Civilisation Course

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Jade` Agard 416000904 - Reflection of Caribbean Civilisation Course

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When I first registered for the course, I thought that it consisted of things which we learnt in history and social studies in primary and secondary school. Even though I deemed the course, after the first lecture ,a difficult one as I am a hands on learner. The course exceeded my expectations; showing us that some of things we were taught in school are some of things we brought as people from colonialism. The course embraces and teaches us Caribbean identity; hence, how we are full of rich culture and history. Even though we may have adopted ways from colonialism, each Caribbean island displays a uniqueness to it that no Caribbean island has.

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At the beginning of the semester I was skeptical about taking the course Caribbean Civilization thinking that it was similar to history courses taught in The Bahamas, my assumption was actually right. The course reiterated that of which I already knew, although the information was slightly different. The assignments were tedious, but necessary. The book "Caribbean Ghost Stories," was actually a smart and innovative way to get the students engaged in the course and to understand issues faced in the Caribbean, past and present. The course explained that the Caribbean is a civilized region, even if not up to the standards of others. The course itself was not a pleasant experience because their were a lot of confusion with the instructions and in my opinion could have been executed better. More explanation for students would have been greatly appreciated. Overall the course was decent. The tutorials were extremely helpful in understanding the course material and assignments.

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JAMAICAN DANCE - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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JAMAICAN DANCE - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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Dance in Jamaica has evolved over the years starting from colonial and folk dances such as quadrille and maypole to current more secular dances such as 'One Drop' and 'Bruk Back' dances from the past and the present each contain some similarity as current dances are often variations of dances that use to be. some other folk dances include brukins, ring games among others. From the pairing of a man and a woman in quadrille moving together with the music to tell a story, to the exact pairing in current day of a more secular more seductive genre. similarly dancing that would occur between a man and a woman in brukins setting provoking a level of seductiveness but not a blatant display of sexual activities. this is mirrored in typical dancehall like dance settings in current years where the male and female dynamic provoke that same seductiveness but never blatantly show sexual acts.

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Jamaican Early Religious and Folk dances such as ring games, maroon songs, quadrille,

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Dancehall is essentially places into words what one feels with musical accompaniment, including a basic drum beat (most often played on electric drums). The lyrics moved away from the political and spiritual lyrics popular in the 1970s and concentrate more on less serious issues.

Dancehall was sometimes violent in lyrical content, and several rival performers made headlines with their feuds across Jamaica (most notably Beenie Man versus Bounty Killer). Dancehall emerged from pioneering recordings in the late 1970s by Barrington Levy, with Roots Radics backing and Junjo Lawes as producer. The Roots Radics were the pre-eminent backing band for the dancehall style. Yellowman, Ini Kamoze, Charlie Chaplin and General Echo helped popularize the style along with producers like Sugar Minott. in recent times other popular Dancehall artists have surfaced such as Vybz Kartel, Alkaline among others.

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In the late 1960s reggae emerged as a reinterpretation of American rhythm and blues. Reggae became popular around the world, due in large part to the international success of artists like Bob Marley, Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer. Marley was viewed as a Rastafarian messianic figure by some fans, particularly throughout the Caribbean, Africa, and among Native Americans and Australian Aborigines. His lyrics about love, redemption and natural beauty captivated audiences, and he gained headlines for negotiating truces between the two opposing Jamaican political parties (at the One Love Concert), led by Michael Manley (PNP) and Edward Seaga.

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Rocksteady was the music of Jamaica's rude boys by the mid-1960s, when The Wailers and The Clarendonians dominated the charts. Desmond Dekker's "007" brought international attention to the new genre. The mix put heavy emphasis on the bass line, as opposed to ska's strong horn section, and the rhythm guitar began playing on the upbeat. Session musicians like Supersonics, Soul Vendors, Jets and Jackie Mittoo (of the Skatalites) became popular during this period.

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Ska is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s, and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae. Ska combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues. The first ever ska recording was made by Count Ossie, a Nyabhingi drummer from the pasta community. It is characterized by a walking bass line accented with rhythms on the upbeat. In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica and was popular with British mods.

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Bahamian Sports- Victoria Morris 415001086

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Bahamian Sports- Victoria Morris 415001086

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The national sport of the Bahamas is cricket, but little attention is given to the sport. Cricket has been played in The Bahamas since 1846. The Bahamas Cricket Association (BCA) was formed in 1936. In those days, playing cricket was a normal sighting throughout all of the Bahama Islands. The Bahamas has never been a part of The West Indies Cricket Board. It is said assumed that, had The Bahamas been a part of the West Indies Cricket Board, then a number of Bahamians would have been selected for the team. As time progressed, cricket in The Bahamas began to decline. Cricket was eventually discontinued from being taught in schools during Physical Education (P.E) and instead students were taught more American sports, track and field, basketball, football, American football (known to Bahamians as soccer), softball and swimming. Due to this, many of today’s youth in The Bahamas does not know how to play cricket, much less that cricket is the national sport of the country. Cricket is still played in The Bahamas, but by older generations and they do not receive attention that other sports receive.

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My reflection on the Caribbean Civilisation course - Natalie Harewood ID No: 416001063 

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My reflection on the Caribbean Civilisation course - Natalie Harewood ID No: 416001063 

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At the beginning of this course I thought this would be like doing social studies. In my opinion this Caribbean Civilization Course should be taught in the Primary and Secondary Schools throughout the Caribbean Islands.  I have learnt that it is not where you come from but it is where you going or want to be.  It helps you identify who you are as a person. The Islands of the Caribbean is fill with rich history of our ancestors which many of us don’t embrace or afraid to embrace. And although we are unique in our cultures we are still very much the same due to our share history.

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Caribbean Music in Belize - Natalie Harewood 416001063

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Caribbean Music in Belize - Natalie Harewood 416001063

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The music of Belize has a mix of Creole, Mestizo, Garifuna, and Mayan influences. Belizean music is strongly influenced by African and Caribbean sounds, although modern music from Latin America and North America also exert influences here. You’re likely to encounter punta at some point during your trip. This musical style is very popular and incorporates Garifuna rhythms with modern electronic styles. Andy Palacio, who died in 2008, was one of the best-known punta musicians.

A modern type of punta is related to a musical style called paranda, which incorporates traditional Garifuna instruments - like wood blocks and turtle shells - alongside acoustic guitars. Paul Nabor, from Punta Gorda, is a fabulous original paranda musician.

Brukdown is another unique Belizean sound. It came about during the 1800s, when workers in timber camps would use whatever was around them – coconuts, empty bottles, wooden blocks – to produce rhythm and pair it with guitars, banjos, and harmonica. Mr. Peters and his Boom and Chime are a group that’s representative of this sound.

Reggae is popular almost everywhere, and other musical influences can be heard throughout Belize as well. In the Cayo District, you’re likely to hear Latin instruments like xylophones and marimbas, while in southern Belize you may hear violins and Q’eqchi’ harps being played to Maya melodies. In the towns of Orange Walk and Corozal in Northern Belize,  you’ll come across Mexican musical influences.

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Caribbean Island Music Relaxing Happy Hour Instrumental Tropical Beach Songs Study Playlist Reading

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BAHAMAS Tropical Beach Songs Instrumental Tiki Bar Island Music Ocean Luau Party

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Small Documentary about the music of the Caribbean and the influence in the Garifuna Culture in Belize made it in AVID MEDIA COMPOSER

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The 2016 Belize City Carnival road march held on Saturday 17 September. This years September National Celebrations Theme... Sovereign and Strong. Together as one.

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Myth about Belize- Natalie Harewood 416001063

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Myth about Belize- Natalie Harewood 416001063

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Is Belize an island? And is a located in the Caribbean?

Belize is not an island but is a part of the isthmus connecting North and South America and therefore it's part of the Central America mainland. However, Belize has many beautiful islands off it's coast.

Yes, Belize is part of the Caribbean  Although many people think of the Caribbean in terms of Jamaica, Cuba, and the Virgin Islands, but the Caribbean consists of places in the same geographical region meaning they are all touch by the Caribbean Sea and all are connected in one way or the other and have a common historical background.

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JAMAICAN MUSIC - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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JAMAICAN MUSIC - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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The music of Jamaica tells the tale of the islands history and its culmination. The music of Jamaica includes Jamaican folk music and many popular genres, such as mento, ska, rocksteady, reggae, dancehall,  and related styles.

MENTO - is a style of Jamaican music that predates and has greatly influenced ska and reggae music. Mento typically features acoustic instruments, such as acoustic guitar, banjo, hand drums, and the rhumba box Lord Flea and Count Lasher are two of the more successful mento artist.

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Popular Jamaican Festivals - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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Popular Jamaican Festivals - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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Reggae Sumfest - A summer event

Accompong Maroon Festival

Bacchanal Jamaica

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Bacchanal Jamaica - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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Bacchanal Jamaica - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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This was introduced in 1989 to Jamaicans by a group of carnival loving revellers who had been accustomed to making the annual trek to the carnival capital of the Caribbean, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, to party and play mas. As a result of Hurricane Gilbert in 1988 coupled with an election in 1989, the trip to Trinidad carnival was cancelled and so the revellers decided to bring carnival to Jamaica. This was a great success among the small group who called themselves The Oakridge Boys.

By the following year (1990) Byron Lee, who was a stalwart in the Trinidad carnival, decided to establish Jamaica Carnival and it was an instant success. The Road March featured a grand parade of costumed sections creating a colorful and magnificent spectacle as the revelers wound their way through the streets of Kingston. In those days sections were judged based on various criteria and the top spots were awarded special prizes.

It must be noted that the timing of Jamaica carnival was designed not to compete with Trinidad which, like other traditional carnivals, was celebrated just before lent and so ended on the Tuesday before Ash-Wednesday. It couldn’t be held during Lent as organizers respected the religious significance of the period and so the carnival week was scheduled to begin on Easter Sunday and end on the following weekend. The week was jam packed with activities running from Easter Sunday and continuing every night until the Road March on the following weekend. A significant part of the activities was Kiddies carnival which took place on the Saturday before the adult parade.

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Accompong Maroon Festival - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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Accompong Maroon Festival - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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On January 6 each year, the Accompong Maroons celebrate the anniversary of the signing of the 1739 peace treaty with the British. Held in Accompong, St. Elizabeth, this festival marks the victory of the Maroons in the first war against the British in which they fought for their freedom, led by their late hero Cudjoe.

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Costa Maya Festival - Natalie Harewood 416001063 

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Costa Maya Festival - Natalie Harewood 416001063 

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Costa Maya Festival is the largest Mayan festival. Mayans from Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico gather in San Pedro, on Ambergris Caye, for a weekend in early August for the Costa Maya Festival. This is a time when the descendants of Mayan villagers were torn apart by the Caste Wars and Mexican-American War to gather together, and re-enact ceremonies that might otherwise be forgotten.

Traditional dances, foods, and songs take center stage – until it’s time for the beauty pageant. Competitors from each participating country vie for the title of La Reina de La Costa Maya.

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St. George’s Caye Day - Natalie Harewood 416001063

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St. George’s Caye Day - Natalie Harewood 416001063

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On September 10, 1798, the battle at St. George’s Caye finally drove the Spanish away from Belize. Spain wanted to add Belize to its collection of Central American colonies. Settlers from Great Britain had settled on the coast to harvest the trees for lumber. The Spanish objected to the British presence on the coast, and attempted to drive them away repeatedly. At the Battle of St. George’s Caye, British settlers ensured that Belize would never be a Spanish colony. Thus, Belize City celebrates this anniversary with music, cooking, and drinking staticx.

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Belize City Carnival- Natalie Harewood 416001063 

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Belize City Carnival- Natalie Harewood 416001063 

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The Belize carnival is something that can only be rivaled by the festivities in the Caribbean. Every September people from Belize and all around descend on the city to participate in this annual event. The main streets shut down and people roam the streets in colorful costumes, while the carnival slowly moves through the city with Belizean beats waking up the entire city. Over 20,000 people join in the dancing in a display of Creole culture, one that is unique to Belize. This festival takes place mid-month as part of the September independence celebrations.

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Different Festivals celebrated in Belize

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Different Festivals celebrated in Belize

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•      Costa Maya Festival – August

•      St. George’s Caye Day – September 10

•      Belize City Carnival – Mid-September

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The Culture of Belize - Natalie Harewood 416001063

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The Culture of Belize - Natalie Harewood 416001063

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Belize is a melting pot of many ethnic groups. The Belizean culture is a mix of influences and people from Kriol, Maya, Garinagu(also known as Garifuna), Mestizo (a mixture of Spanish and  Native Americans), Mennonites who are of German descent, with a blend of many other cultures from Chinese to Lebanese. It is a unique blend that emerged through the country's long and occasionally violent history.The country’s vibrant culture has a bit of similarity as the culture and lifestyle of many Caribbean countries nearby. Even though Belize is bordered by Central American countries, the local culture is more Caribbean than Central American.

Religion, Language and Food

The majority Belizeans are Roman Catholic, however due to the heavy British influence, Belize has a larger Protestant population than any other country in Central America.  The Maya and Garifuna practice their own fascinating mixture of Shamanism and Christianity.

The official language of Belize is English, but many other languages are also used.  Along the coast, you would hear Creole, and in the towns, that border Guatemala and Mexico you would hear Spanish and other languages such as Mayan, German, Chinese, Lebanese and Arabic.

Belize has never really developed a national cuisine like many of its neighbors, rice and beans are a staple product. Much of the local dishes have a Caribbean flavor, coconut milk, plantains and hot peppers help spice things up a bit. Sitting down to a tradition Mayan meal can be a treat for the adventurous.  Suckling pig roasted underground is a delicious favorite in the countryside.

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Jamaican Festivals - Reggae Sumfest - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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Jamaican Festivals - Reggae Sumfest - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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A premier music festival which showcases the best of the islands talent as well as international guests artists, is one of the most anticipated staples on the Jamaican entertainment calendar.  attracting visitors from all over the world who seek to enjoy reggae music in the land of its birth, Jamaica.

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Reggae Sumfest 2014 International Night 1 - Highlights

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JULY 19, 2014: Local acts Beenie Man, Chronixx and Jah Cure delivers big while American R&B artiste Jason Derulo and rapper Wiz Khalifa ignites the Reggae Sumfest stage.

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Caribbean Cultural Expression - Jamaica - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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Caribbean Cultural Expression - Jamaica - Nsizwe Stewart 416000426

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Jamaica is filled with an array of cultures which makes the island dynamic. Its people are a mixture of the many ethnicities that have landed on the island's shores over the past several centuries. Weathering enslavement and oppression, the Jamaicans are survivors, and their past is full of fascinating stories just waiting to be told. Cultures have been mingling on Jamaica's shores for hundreds of years. And while this mixture inspires pride, it is also the source of Jamaica's characteristically brassy banter that, to an outsider, might seem inappropriate at times. This amalgamated culture i expressed through festivals, music, dance and art. additionally the culture is extended through sports.

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Introduction
Belize formerly, British Honduras is a country on the eastern coast of Central America. Belize is bordered on the north by Mexico, on the south and west by Guatemala, and on the east by the Caribbean Sea. Its mainland is about 290 km (180 mi) long and 110 km (68 mi) wide.

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Bahamian Music- Victoria Morris 415001086

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Bahamian Music- Victoria Morris 415001086

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Bahamian music comes in many styles, from rake n’ scrape, then later on Junkanoo music. Rake n’ scrape got its name from using the saw as a primary source of music. Over the years, rake n’ scrape has been said to have originated from Cat Island.  Rake n’ scrape is usually accompanied with a traditional dance, ‘Da Quadrille’ or ‘Heel n’ Toe.’  As times changed, rake n’ scrape developed a more modern sound with more up to date beats and instruments being added. Bahamian music tells a story, either from the past or issues of the present. Sometimes the music takes a comical route and entertains its listeners and also gives a hilarious joke.

The song, "Burma Road," by Ronnie Butler, a very famous Bahamian musician depicts a milestone event in Bahamian history, The Burma Road Riot. He tells the story of how the black Bahamians went down Burma Road fighting for rights to vote and equality of rights and wages. Closer to the end of the song, the song becomes more comical.

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Junkanoo Carnival Victoria Morris 415001086

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Junkanoo Carnival Victoria Morris 415001086

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Within the past two years, The Bahamas Government has started a new initiative known as ‘Junkanoo Carnival,’ to help attract more tourist to the islands. Junkanoo Carnival is a less organized version of Junkanoo, being that persons do not have to spend long tedious hours making costumes, practicing dance routines and committing music to memory. The Junkanoo Carnival parade is similar to that of the Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago. Anyone that purchases a costume can hit the road dancing to the popular ‘soca’ tunes from speakers that are hooked up to the back of the trucks. For many Bahamians, Junkanoo Carnival holds no cultural ties to the history of The Bahamas, but is simply another clever way for the Government to make monies.

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In Barbados music is a big thing.  There are a lot of genres persons listen to but a genre which excites  Barbadians the most is Calypso music.  According to (http://www,barbados.org/music/calypso.htm)
The derivation of calypso rhythms can be traced back to the arrival of the first African slaves to Barbados and other Caribbean islands in the seventeenth century. The art form, which was developed in Trinidad, combines the skills of story-telling, singing and instrument making, and has since been influenced by European, North American and other Caribbean cultures. Calypso is a unique form of music that is an integral part of the Barbadian cultural landscape.
Calypso usually involves some social commentary, typically a humorous satire on social and political events, with an infectious beat. Other calypsos are strictly for "wuking up"! Calypso became highly organized in Barbados in 1974, with the revival of the Crop Over Festival. Today, calypso is an integral part of the festival, with the Pic-O-De-Crop Calypso Competition being one of the most popular events. During Crop Over, several calypso tents (organized groups of calypsonians) perform a few days weekly. Eighteen of these calypsonians go forward to the semi-finals of the competition, with eight advancing to the finals to challenge the previous year's monarch.

The youth of Barbados are also involved in calypso, with several children (under 16 years) taking part in the Junior Calypso Monarch competition, which serves as a training ground for the calypsonians of the future. Based on the talent and enthusiasm of these youngsters, the future of calypso in Barbados looks very bright.
Since both reggae from Jamaica and soca from Trinidad are very popular in Barbados, a fusion of the two was always likely. This fusion came in the form of ragga-soca - a rhythm that is faster than reggae but slower than up-tempo soca.

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Junior Junkanoo Victoria Morris 415001086

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Junior Junkanoo Victoria Morris 415001086

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Junkanoo has even made its way into the school systems. Junior Junkanoo is a way for young school children to participate in the 'Junkanoo Rush.' Just as regular 'Junkanooers,' those partaking in Junior Junkanoo practice all school year to reign victorious. Junior Junkanoo is usually held one week before Boxing Day Junkanoo.

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Barbados is known for its sporting activities, recently track and field in Barbados has risen quite a bit in terms of having more than it usual count of persons representing the country at the Olympics. Other than track and field Barbados main sporting activity is cricket.

According to  (http://www.barbados.org/crick.htm)
Cricket is the national sport of Barbados and the West Indies. Thousands of Barbadians, other West Indians and visitors go to world-class matches held at Kensington Oval, Barbados to watch batsmen of the calibre of Darren Bravo and Shivnarine Chanderpaul as well as fast bowlers such as Kemar Roach and Jason Holder.

Barbados is one of the international capitals of cricket and always contributes a large contingent to the West Indies team. Names like Sir Garfield Sobers, the three W's, Wes Hall, the late Keith Boyce, Desmond Haynes and Gordon Greenidge come to mind immediately as Barbadians who have contributed greatly to West Indies cricket. You can catch a good game of cricket almost any time in Barbados. It could be an international Test Match or One-Day at Kensington Oval, an exciting local First Division match, or a friendly game on the beach, an open pasture or village field. Whichever it is, prepare to cheer as the batsman drives through the covers for four, or as the middle stump gets rocked back by a fast delivery! And at the end of the match join in the joyous celebrations that follow!

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According to  (http://www.barbados.org/cropver.htm)Barbados has hosted many events over the years and some have turned into annual events. Events such as Luciano Pavarotti at the Holders Season, to the best jazz musicians at the Barbados Jazz Festival.
One festival in particular everyone talks about is the Crop Over festival. The Crop Over summer festival is Barbados' most popular and colourful festival. It can be traced back to the 1780's, a time when Barbados was the world's largest producer of sugar.

At the end of the sugar season, there was always a huge celebration to mark the culmination of another successful sugar cane harvest - the Crop Over celebration.

As the sugar industry in Barbados declined, so too did the Crop Over festival and in the 1940's the festival was terminated completely. However, the festival was revived in 1974 and other elements of Barbadian culture were infused to create the extravaganza that exists today, an event that attracts thousands of people from across the globe.

The festival begins with the Opening Gala and Ceremonial Delivery of the Last Canes and the crowning of the King and Queen of the Festival - the most productive male and female cane cutters of the season.

Bridgetown Market consists of many stalls selling food and beverages as well as local arts and crafts. Enjoy the calypso and soca music and the live entertainment as you browse through the stalls.

Cohobblopot is a huge carnival-like show with members of the Kadooment bands displaying their elaborate and stunning costumes. There is also a huge entertainment package with the most popular calypsonians and bands performing to packed audiences.

The children are not left out as they can participate in the Kiddies Kadooment, donning beautiful costumes and joining their friends in a band to parade before the judges of the competition.

Folk concerts and art & photographic exhibitions are integral parts of the festival, highlighting Barbadian history and culture as well as the artistic talents of Barbadians.

Calypso is one of the main features of the Crop Over festival. The calypsonians are organised into "tents" and these tents are sponsored by Barbados businesses. Calypsonians compete for several prizes and titles, including Party Monarch, Sweet Soca Monarch, Road March Monarch and Pic-O-De-Crop Monarch. The Party Monarch and more recently the Sweet Soca competition are among the festival's most popular events! The final of the Pic-O-De-Crop competition is held at Kensington Oval, and this is followed by the Fore-Day Morning Jump-Up!

The finale of the festival is the Grand Kadooment! This carnival parade features large bands with members dressed in elaborate costumes to depict various themes. Designers compete for the coveted Designer of the Year prize while the revellers seem more intent on having a good time! The revellers make their way to Spring Garden accompanied by the pulsating rhythms of calypso music. When they reach Spring Garden, the party continues with more fantastic music, lots of food and drink and, for some, a quick swim at the nearby beach. A grand end to a grand festival.

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Barbados is an eastern Caribbean island and an independent British Commonwealth nation. It is the most easterly island in the Caribbean chain which some persons say that Barbados is not part of the Caribbean.

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Junkanoo, The Bahamian Festival- Victoria Morris 41500086

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Junkanoo, The Bahamian Festival- Victoria Morris 41500086

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Junkanoo is the longest historical festival in The Bahamas, having its roots from the era of African slavery. Junkanoo is named after the African Prince, “John Canoe” who was known as a hero to slaves. The slaves were allowed three days off for the year, Christmas day, Boxing Day and New Year’s Day, where they would parade in costumes made of paint and newspaper into the early morning hours before their slave masters woke up. Junkanoo in The Bahamas, is distinctively different from Junkanoo in other countries.Other Caribbean countries have a festival similar to Junkanoo, Jonkonnu in Jamaica, the Jankunu in Belize or the John Canoe in North Carolina, USA.
Junkanoo is the number one cultural festival in The Bahamas. This vivid display of colors takes place in the wee hours of the morning on Boxing Day and New Year’s. The different Junkanoo groups, Valley's, Saxons, One Family or Roots, practice all year to compete, but only one will be victorious. The Junkanoo costumes are hand crafted from simple material, pipe, metal wires (hangers), crepe paper, newspapers and decorations such as feathers, beads and paint.  Each Junkanoo group has different sections such as free dancers, choreograph dancers and the band sections, goat skin drums, cowbells, horns, whistles and brass instruments. The band sections plays a rhythm that is so infectious that is makes you want to move and dance to the beat. Junkanoo is not an event that comes once a year and you simply pick up a costume and 'rush' through the streets. Junkanoo calls for a year round preparation. Junkanoo practice, sometimes seven days a week, for the band players and all of the dancers. They spend long countless hours in Junkanoo shacks pasting grand elaborate costumes to capture the eyes of not only native Bahamians, but also tourists

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Caribbean Cultural Expression - Introduction: a perspective into the Caribbean Civilization Course

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Caribbean Cultural Expression - Introduction: a perspective into the Caribbean Civilization Course

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The Caribbean region is melting pot of cultural diversity. The Caribbean culture is always evolving and often times it is easily transmissible. The Caribbean culture emanates from the regions historical experiences. Sociologist Haralambos and Holborn defines culture as the learned way of life in a society. Caribbean culture can therefore be defined as a body of learned behaviors common to the Caribbean region passed on from one generation to the next. Caribbean cultural expression is important as it represents the difficult past we endured and the different mechanisms we uniquely created to represent this and make the experience and overcoming the experience easier. In the course Caribbean Civilization, it puts forward the issue of this Caribbean cultural expression represented through various festivals, music, dance, art and sports in assessing the Caribbean's psyche. Particularly, it looks at different Caribbean islands and what similarities they hold via cultural expression and their differences which make each country unique. some of these countries include The Bahamas, Barbados, Jamaica, Belize, St. Lucia and Trinidad.