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A speech directed at the overthrow of government.

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Libel is a written or published defamatory statement, while slander is defamation that is spoken by the defendant.

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Citizenship rights and equal protection laws.

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Prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment.

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Guarantees a jury trial for civil cases in the federal courts.

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Guarantees a citizen a speedy trial, a fair jury, an attorney if the accused person wants one.

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No person be required to testify against himself or herself in a criminal case.

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No unreasonable search and seizures.

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The right to own and bear arms.

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Prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion.

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A slave, sought to be declared a free man on the basis that he had lived for a time in a “free” territory with his master.

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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.

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The level of judicial review for determining the constitutionality of a federal or state statute.

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Requires the states to provide defense attorneys to criminal defendants charged with serious offenses who cannot afford lawyers themselves.

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Upheld the rights of states to pass laws allowing or even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions.

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Protected a woman's right to an abortion.

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Practice of segregating black people in the U.S.

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A test that determines the qualification of a voter based on his/her his ability to read and write or ability to read and understand any section of the State or Federal Constitution.

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Evidence obtained in violation of unreasonable searches and seizures  may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts.

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Requires  that states guarantee the same rights, privileges, and protections to all citizens.

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Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

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Court case that ruled it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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A tax levied on every adult

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Used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it.

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Reasonable grounds

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A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination.

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Prosecuting someone twice for the same crime.

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Fair treatment through the judicial system.

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A clause in the First Amendment that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

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A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a trail.