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as a result of their interaction, rearrangement of atoms of substances resulting in new substances; change in color or odor are hints that a chemical reaction has occurred; also chemical reaction

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change to a substance that does not alter its chemical composition; examples of physical changes to substances include freezing water and dissolving salt in water

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The fourth state of matter -- plasma | Christine Charles | TEDxCanberra

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This talk was given at a local TEDx event, produced independently of the TED Conferences. Christine employs Interactive experiments with the audience to explain the fourth state of matter, Plasma. This talk provides a new perspective on high technology and the importance of plasma in iPhone, digital cameras, GPS, satellites, space travel...

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Chem4Kids.com! This tutorial introduces states of matter. Other sections include elements, the periodic table, reactions, and biochemistry.

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Phase Changes: Exothermic or Endothermic?

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Animation of the Flanders and Swann Classic

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a measure of how hot or cold something is; a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance

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Heat Capacity, Specific Heat, and Calorimetry

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Warning. From the 90's! :D

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What is the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

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What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

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What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

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Thermodynamics: Crash Course Physics #23

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heat; energy transferred due to temperature differential that becomes associated with potential energy and kinetic energy on a molecular level

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the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance 1°C; the greater the specific heat, the greater the heat it takes to raise a substance´s temperature; also specific heat capacity

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physical form of matter, such as solid, liquid, and gas; a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state, and is separated from other material by the phase boundary; for example, the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system

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SI-derived unit to measure energy, work, and quantity of heat; for work, a joule is the amount of work done by a force of 1 N acting through 1 m; also newton-meter

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a form of energy transferred (by way of conduction, convection, or radiation) by virtue of a difference in temperature; heat is energy in transit; heat is energy flow, measured in energy units

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amount of heat it takes to raise a gram of water 1°C at normal atmospheric pressure

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in physics, the study of the nature of heat and its conversion or relationship to other energy forms

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a measure of the disorder of a system as the system tends toward equilibrium; in a closed system, potential energy of the system will decrease over time (as potential energy decreases, entropy increases)

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the transfer of heat through matter by way of the collision of molecules

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theory in physics based on the fact that particles of matter are in vigorous motion and that the temperature of a substance increases with an increase in either the average kinetic energy of the particles or the average potential energy of separation of the particles, or in both, when heat is added

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in a closed system in changing from one form to another, matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed; in this sense, conservation means that the physical quantity of matter and energy is entirely preserved during transformations and reactions

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Matter Changing State

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Chem4Kids

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the phase change of a substance from the solid state directly to the gaseous state; for example, dry ice, moth balls, or solid air freshener

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the process by which water changes to water vapor

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net release of energy

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net absorption of energy

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the process by which a gas changes phase directly to a solid; for example, the formation of frost

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the process by which water vapor changes from gas to liquid

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matter with definite volume and definite shape

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a gaslike state of matter consisting of positively charged ions, free electrons, and neutral particles; found in stars, the sun, solar wind, lightning, and fire; unlike gases, plasmas are good conductors of electrical currents

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matter with definite volume but no definite shape

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matter with no definite volume or shape