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Dehydratation occurs when amount of water leaving the body is greater than the amount being taken in.  the body is very dynamic and alwais changing. This is especially true whit water levels in the body. We lose water routinely when we:
* breathe and humidified air leaves the body
* sweat to cool the body
* urinate or have a browel movement to rid the body of waste products.

In a normal day, a person has to drink a significant amount of water to replace this routine loss.

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The majority of the body is made up of water whit up to 75% of the body's weigt due to H2O. Most of the rest is found within the cells of the body(intracellular space). The rest is found in the extracellular space which consists of the blood vessels(intravascular space) and the spaces between cells( interstitial space).

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Know the sings and symptoms of heat cramps, heat rash, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. preventing dehydration is one step to avoid these conditions.

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Break up your exposure to hot temperatures. Find air-conditioned or shady areas and allow yourself to cool between exposures.
Taking someone into a cooled area for even a couple of hours each day will help prevent the cumulative effects of high heat exposure.

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Wear light-colored and loose-fitting cloting if you must be outdoors when it is hot outside. Drink plenty of water and carry a personal fan or mister to cool yourself.

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Avoid alcohol consumption, especially when it is very hot, because alcohol increases water los and impairs your ability to recogninze early signs associated with dehydration.

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The young and elderly are most at risk of dehydration. Ensure that older people, infarts, and children have adequate drinking water or fluids available and assist then as necessary. Encourage individuals who are incapacitaded or impaired to drink plenty of water and assure they are provided whit adequate fluids. During heat waves, attempts should be made to check on the elderly in their homes. During the chicago heat exposure.

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Check weather forecasts for high heat index days. when temperatures are high, avoid exercise, outdoor exposure, and plan events that must occur outside times of the day when temperaturess are lower.

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plan ahead and take extra water to all outdoor events where increased sweating, activity, and heat stress will increase fluid loss. Encourage athetes and people who work outside to repleace fluids at a rate that equals the loss.

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What are the complications of dehydration?

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What are the complications of dehydration?

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Complications of dehydration may occur because of the dehydration, and/or because of the underlying disease or situation that causes the fluid loss. Complications that may occur include:
*kidney lailure
*coma
*shoick
*heat-related illnesses(heat exhaustion ot heat stroke
*electrolyte abnormalities

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Dehydration occurs over time. if it can be recongnized in its earliest stages, and if its cause can be addressed, then home treatment may be adequate. Steps a person can take at home to prevent severe dehydration include:

*People with vomiting and diarhea can try to alter their diet and use medications to controol symptoms to minimize water loss.
*Acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be used to control fever. Ibuprofen may irritate the stomach and cause nausea and momiting, so it should be used with caution in individuals who already have these symptoms.
*Fluid repleacements may be attenpted by replacing fluid by mouth with frequent small amounts of clear fluids.

If the individual becomens confused or lethargic; if there is persistent, uncontrolled fever, vomiting, or diarrhea; or if there are any other concerns, then medical care should be accessed. EMS or 911 should be activated for any person with altered mental status.

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Fluid replacement is the treatment for dehydration. This may be attempted by replacing fluid by mouth, but if this fails, intravenous fluid may be required. Should oral rehydration be attempted, frequent small amounts of clear fluids should be used.

Clear fluids include:

*water
*clear broths
*popsicles
*jell-O
*other replacement fluids that may contain electrolytes(Pedialyte, Gatorade, Powerade, etc.)

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Dehidration is ofthen a clinical diagnosis. Anside from diagnosing the reason for dehydration, the health care professional's examination of the patient will assess the level of dehydration.
iInitial evaluations may include:
*Mental status tests: to evaluate whether the patient is awake, alert and oriented.
* Vital sing assessments: may include postural redings(blond pressurre and pulse rate are taken lying down and standing). With dehydration, the pulse rate may increase and the blood pressure may drop because the intravascular space is depleted of water.
*Temperature: may be measured to assess fever.
*Skin: will be checked to see if sweat is present and to assess the degree of elasticity. As dehydration progresses, the skin loses its water content and becomes lees elastic.
*Infart evaluation: infacts may have additional evaluations performed , including for a soft spot on the skull(sunken fontanelle), assessing the suck mechanism, muscle tone, or loss of swear in the armpits and groin.
*Pediatric patlents: are often weighed during poutine visits, thus a body weigt measurement maay be helpful in assessing how much water has been lost with the acute illness.

In some cases, blood test to measure potential electrolyte abnormalities and urinalysis may be ordered to determine the level of dehydration on the patient.

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What are the sings and symptoms of dehydration?

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What are the sings and symptoms of dehydration?

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the body's initial responses to dehydration are thirst to increase water intake along with decreased urine output to try to conserve water. The urine will become concentrated and more yellow in color. As the level of water loss increases, more symptoms can become apparent, such as increased thist dry mouth, cessation of thear production by the eyes, cessation of sweating, muscle cramps, mausea and vomiting, heart palpitations, and ligthheadedness(especially when standing). With severe dehydration, confusion and weajness will occur as the brain and other organs receive less bolld. Finally, coma and organ failure will occur if the dehydration remains untreated

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Causes of Dehydration: Iability to drink fluids 

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Causes of Dehydration: Iability to drink fluids 

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the inability to drink fluids is another potential cause of dehydration. whether it is the lack of availability to water or the lack of strength to drink adequate amounts, this, coupled with routine or excessive amounts of water loss can cimpound the degree of dehydration

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The skin has an important role to play in the fuid and temperature regulation of the body. if enough skin area is injured, the ability to maintain thah control can be lost. burn victims become dehydrated because of the skin are also associated with fluid loss.

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In people whit diabetes, elevated bolld sugar levels cause sugar to spill into urine, and water then follous, which can cause significant dehytration. For this reason, requent urination and excessive thirst are among the symptoms of diabetes.

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The body can lose sognificant amounts of water when it tries to cool itself by sweating. Whether the body is hot because of the environment(for example, working in a warm enviroment) intense exercising in a hot environment, or because a fever is present due to an infection; the body uses a significant amount of water in the form of swear to cool itself. Depending upon weather conditions, a brisk walk will generate up to 16 ounces of swear(one pound of water).

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Vomiting is the act of forcible emptyng of the stomach, in which the stomach has to overcome the pressures that are normally in place to keep food and secretions within the stomach. The atomach almost torns itself inside out- forcing itself into the olwer portion of the esophagus(the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach) during a vomiting episode. Constant vomiting can be a serious cause of fluid loss and it is difficult for a person replace water if they are unable to tolerate liquids.

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Diarrhea is the most common reason a person loses excess water. Diarrhea consists of unusually frequent or unusually liquid bowel movements and excessive watery evacuations of fecal material. Persistent diarrhea is both unconfortable and dangerous, as a significant amount of water can be lost whir each bowel movemen. Worldwide, more then four million children die each year because of dehydration fron fiarrhea