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SC1 2023 final essay topic -Gui and Joao please have 1st draft ready by next week

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SC1 2023 final essay topic -Gui and Joao please have 1st draft ready by next week

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Discourse markers (words like 'however', 'although' and 'Nevertheless') are referred to more commonly as 'linking words' and 'linking phrases', or 'sentence connectors'. They may be described as the 'glue' that binds together a piece of writing, making the different parts of the text 'stick together'. They are used less frequently in speech, unless the speech is very formal.

Without sufficient discourse markers in a piece of writing, a text would not seem logically constructed and the connections between the different sentences and paragraphs would not be obvious.

Care must also be taken, however, to avoid over-use of discourse markers. Using too many of them, or using them unnecessarily, can make a piece of writing sound too heavy and 'artificial'. They are important, but must only be used when necessary.

Key advice

1. What are the different discourse markers that can be used?

2. How can sentence connectors be replaced in order to increase variety in writing?

3. How are paragraphs linked together?

4. Discourse markers in a sample passage of academic English

What are the different discourse markers that can be used?

There are many discourse markers that express different relationships between ideas. The most common types of relationship between ideas, and the sentence connectors that are most often used to express these relationships, are given in the table below. The discourse markers in the table are generally used at the start of a phrase or clause. (a clause is a minimal grammatical structure that has meaning in its own right, and consists of a subject and verb, and often an object too). Sentence connectors do not always begin a completely new sentence; they may be separated from the previous idea with a semi-colon.

Note that there are two particular features of the sentence connectors indicated below:

Sentence connectors can be used to begin a new sentence or a new clause that follows a semi-colon;

Some sentence connectors can be placed in different positions within the sentence: initial position (e.g. Because he is ill, he needs to rest.) and 'mid-way position' at the start of another clause (e.g. He must rest, because he is ill).

How can sentence connectors be replaced in order to increase variety in writing?

In your writing, you will want to spend some time ensuring that your work has a sense of variety. In order to do this, you might think of the following:

Use conjunctions as well as/instead of sentence connectors. A conjunction is a word like 'and', 'but', etc, which is used to join two ideas together into a complex sentence. Unlike sentence connectors such as 'However', etc, a conjunction cannot be used at the beginning of a sentence and must come at a mid-point, at the end of one clause and the beginning of another. It is usually possible to rephrase a pair of sentences that use a sentence connector by using a conjunction instead. For example, instead of saying 'He studied French; however, his wife studied Physics', it might actually be more natural to say 'He studied English but his wife studied Physics'. Similarly, instead of saying 'English is hard; therefore, one must spend a lot of time practising it', we can say: 'English is hard so one must spend a lot of time practising it.' These are simple examples, but the principle of paraphrase can be extended to other, more complex sentences.

Use conjunctions at least some of the time. Words like and and but may seem boring, but they help to lighten the style of your writing. This in turn helps the writing to sound less pompous and formal. And in any case, in writing, it is often helpful to use a variety of structures rather than just saying things in one way.

It can also be helpful to omit discourse markers if they do not serve any useful purpose. Knowing when to omit the discourse marker is a subtle aspect of language use and comes with more practice and wider reading.

Try joining two clauses together by making one subordinate to the other. If we go back to the sentence 'He studied English but his wife studied Physics', we can rephrase this as follows: 'He studied English whereas his wife studied Physics', or 'He studied English while his wife studied Physics.' The clause beginning with while/whereas issubordinate. this means that it is used to qualify/add extra information to the sentence, but cannot stand on its own.

Remember, it can be tedious to read a piece of writing which has too many discourse markers. The writing can seem pedantic, heavy and over-pompous. You are ideally seeking a light, flowing style, not a heavy or forced one.

How are paragraphs linked together?

In much the same way that ideas within a paragraph are linked, a new paragraph must be linked in some way with the previous one. This, too, necessitates the use of discourse markers.

In the table below are some different ways in which the opening of a paragraph can link back to what has happened before. The three basic types of paragraph-paragraph relationship are : reinforcement of idea; contrast of ideas; and concession. Indicating these relationships builds a 'bridge' between paragraphs and makes reading the text easier.

Relationship with previous paragraph: Reinforcement of idea

Possible linguistic formula

a) A further example of this phenomenon can be seen in Foucault's work.

b) Jones (1999) further demonstrates this point in his most recent research.

Relationship with previous paragraph: Contrast of ideas

Possible linguistic formula

a) Jones, meanwhile/on the other hand, expresses this notion as 'self-defence'.

b) This argument is not, however, accepted by all critics. For instance, Smith (1999) holds that....

Relationship with previous paragraph: Concession

Possible linguistic formula

a) Although the ideas of Jones (1999) are interesting and useful, they do not take account of the growing problems of identity theft.

b) While Roberts (2006) emphasises the importance of Foucault's notion of the panopticon, the opposite view is held by other commentators. For example,...

In your own writing, it is useful to consider the following points:

Do my paragraphs serve a definite purpose?

What is the exact link between the paragraph I have written and the previous paragraph? Is that link clear?

Are my paragraphs laid out strategically, in order to help me to organise my materials to best effect?

Do my paragraphs help me to build up my ideas in a logical and gradual fashion?

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Discourse markers (words like 'however', 'although' and 'Nevertheless') are referred to more commonly as 'linking words' and 'linking phrases', or 'sentence connectors'. They may be described as the 'glue' that binds together a piece of writing, making the different parts of the text 'stick together'.

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23 Adjectives and Idioms to Describe People Positively in English

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francisca Internship in New York feedback

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Hi teacher!
I'm sorry this is overdue, but as I missed last class I completely forgot that a draft was to be delivered. Here is my final report, after some changes made upon reading again the documents on the padlet.

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Ice Merchants_ Movie Review_ Francisco Borrego feedback

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German school LS3 Connecting Cultures padlet. Please add and decorate! 

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German school LS3 Connecting Cultures padlet. Please add and decorate! 

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German School connecting cultures padlet. Please add anything you like:)

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German School connecting cultures padlet. Please add anything you like:)

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SC1 online Here is our Connecting Cultures padlet! Please add anything you like:)

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SC1 online Here is our Connecting Cultures padlet! Please add anything you like:)

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Hi teacher,

Since I won't be attending the class due to an open day, here is my movie review about the Portuguese film "Ice Merchants ".

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Ice Merchants_ Movie Review_ Francisco Borrego (1)

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Dawid Resources Day 2 mountain lion dictogloss

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Dawid Resources Day 2 mountain lion dictogloss

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Cambridge English Exam Booster for Advanced

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Letter of Complaint _ Filipa Azevedo (1)

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Gui -feedback on draft letter of complaint- just a few minor improvements

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Gui -feedback on draft letter of complaint- just a few minor improvements

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DRAFT - Guilherme Lopes - letter of complaint

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DRAFT - Guilherme Lopes - letter of complaint

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https://engexam.info/cae-speaking-part-3-examples/

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CAE Speaking Part 3 (Collaborative Task) samples and useful phrases and ideas for your answers. If you are unsure what should CAE Speaking Part 3 answers have, check this explanation. You can save it in PDF or print using the button at the bottom.

#1. Advantages and disadvantages of different occupations

Extra question: which of the occupations is more attractive to younger people?

CAE Speaking Part 3 Useful Phrases

Self-employment

Work at big corporations

Work at small companies

Volunteering

Part-time job

+ Being your own boss
+ Freedom of decision-making
+ Getting all the money you make
- Less security / Uncertainty
- Have to look for work and clients on your own

+ Competitive salary
+ Great career prospects/opportunities
+ Social benefits
+ Various perks, i.e. free lunches or quarterly bonuses
- High workload
- Working overtime
- Feeling of detachment

+ More direct interaction with your employer
+ More flexibility with your working hours and vacations
+ Can negotiate a pay rise easier
- Little to no room for growth
- A degree of financial uncertainty in poor economic climate

+ The joy of helping others unconditionally
+ Making a difference
+ Exposing yourself to new experiences
+ Different angle of things
- No monetary compensation
- Work can be hard and sometimes unpleasant

+ Greatest degree of flexibility
+ A nice variety to your daily routine
+ Can vary the amount of workload and work hours
- Not working full-time won't make a lot of money
- Commuting just for a few hours' work

Click to download this CAE Speaking Part 2 Worksheet in PDF. Don't forget to switch to landscape mode when printing!

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CAE Speaking Part 3 Example #1 - Advantages and disadvantages of different occupations - EngExam.info

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CAE Speaking Part 3 (Collaborative Task) samples and useful phrases and ideas for your answers. If you are unsure what should CAE Speaking Part 3 answers have, check this explanation. You can save it in PDF or print using the button at the bottom. #1.

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Proposal to improve exam results francisca

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Proposal to Improve University Website for International Students

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Dinis -if you see this can you look at the model answer in the Writing tab or the other students' writing on this tab- you have done a letter -this should be in a report format -please rewrite and post again- thanks

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Dinis -if you see this can you look at the model answer in the Writing tab or the other students' writing on this tab- you have done a letter -this should be in a report format -please rewrite and post again- thanks

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Well done Francisca! Much more powerful and persuasive

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Well done Francisca! Much more powerful and persuasive

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Francisca - very nice - just give me a little more specific detail on the moral classes and how they would help students deal with their problems and for their future. Your solutions are quite general at present. The rest of the proposal is very good. 

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Francisca - very nice - just give me a little more specific detail on the moral classes and how they would help students deal with their problems and for their future. Your solutions are quite general at present. The rest of the proposal is very good. 

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Francisco B -no 2nd draft required - looks superb - no witness list yet - think of your own for next week

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Francisco B -no 2nd draft required - looks superb - no witness list yet - think of your own for next week

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Gui - no 2nd draft required -looks great

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Gui - no 2nd draft required -looks great

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SC1 CRIME&PUNISHMENT EXAM PRACTICE RECORD

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joao Assessement writting Madame Tussouds