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Theme 4: Ouzo alcoholic beverage

Ouzo is a dry anise-flavoured aperitif that is widely consumed in Greece, Cyprus, Lebanon and Israel. Its taste is similar to other anise liquors like rakı, pastisand sambuca.

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Theme 4: Mastiha alcoholic beverage

Chios Mastiha Liqueur is a liqueur flavoured with mastic distillate or mastic oil from the island of Chios. The name Chios Mastiha has protected designation of origin status in the European Union.[1] Chios Mastiha liqueur is served cold and has a crystal clear colour and a sweet aroma.

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Theme 4: Fossil fuel

Replacing fossil fuels with biofuels is highly controversial since it solves one problem but creates new ones.

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Theme 3: Records showing climate change in Attica

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Theme 3: Andes issue

Tropical Andean trees migrate to higher altitudes where the air is cool enough to support their existence. Due to the fast climatic change they have to move faster in order to remain in equilibrium with their preferred temperatures.

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Theme 2 : Alexander von Humboldt

Humboldt was a naturalist and explorer who was a major figure in the classical period of physical geography and biogeography—areas of science  now included in the earth sciences and ecology . With his book Kosmos he made a valuable contribution to the popularization of science.

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Theme 2 : Factors that influence plant survival and growth at Attica

-high density of population, Attica contains almost half of the Greek population, which means multiple invasions at the natural environment for housing, roads etc to support the needs of a modern big city

-pollution, Attica suffers from pollution as several industrial areas all around Athens, harbours, pollution from cars and household waste degrade constantly the environment

-wildfires, Attica has suffered several several wildfires during the last two decades at crucial habitats for wildlife and several species of plants. Wildfires such as the Ymittos, Parnitha or the ones at Mati and Kineta last year that destroyed wildlife areas and killed many people as well

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Theme 2: My Biogeographical area

This biogeographical region includes the Mediterranean Sea and seven Member States, either partially (France, Portugal, Italy, Spain) or completely (Greece, Malta, Cyprus). It has specific regional features: a climate of hot dry summers and humid, cool winters and a generally hilly landscape. The Mediterranean has not only a very rich biodiversity but also a large number of species that do not exist anywhere else.

The climate is characterised by hot dry summers and humid, cool winters. It is also very capricious with sudden heavy rain or bouts of high winds such as the Sirocco and Mistral. This climate has a profound influence on the vegetation and wildlife of the region.Whilst the Mediterranean scrub is synonymous with the region, there are many other species-rich habitats here. Large tracts of natural, virtually pristine, forests have remained relatively untouched by man. While most central and northern European forests are now dominated by only a dozen or so tree species, the Mediterranean forests are much more diverse, harbouring up to 100 different tree species.

Too dry for trees, other areas of the Mediterranean are covered in grasslands. These semi-arid steppic areas may seem barren and lifeless but, on closer inspection, reveal an equally rich wildlife. These grasslands are prime locations for the great bustard (Otis tarda), the little bustard (Tetrax tetrax) and a whole range of ground-nesting birds such as the pin-tailed sandgrouse (Pterocles alchata).

Where water is more bountiful, wetlands appear at regular intervals, ranging from tiny coastal lagoons to vast deltas around the long coastline. They harbour hundreds of species of endemic fish, amphibians and insects which, in turn, attract huge flocks of waders and dabbling ducks, especially during the migration season. Up to two billion birds migrate to, or through, the Mediterranean Region every year. Some merely stop over for a few days to refuel before crossing the Sahara but others spend the entire winter here to escape the cold weather further north.

As for the Mediterranean Sea, its clear blue waters are famous throughout the world. It harbours a tremendous diversity of marine organisms, many of which are endemic to the region. It is estimated that the Mediterranean contains 8–9 % of all the world’s marine creatures. Many of the lesser-known sponges, sea squirts and crustaceans can be found hidden amongst the vast underwater meadows or Posidonia beds that grow in shallow coastal waters.

The Mediterranean Region is under tremendous pressure due to human activities. It is the number one tourism destination in the world. As a result, much of the Mediterranean coastline has disappeared under concrete. There are chronic water shortages and a constant threat of forest fires. Inland, many of the ancient pastoral regimes are being abandoned because they are no longer economically viable

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Lavandula angustifolia

Classification

Class: Mgnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteridae
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae

Lavandula angustifolia is an endemic plant of the central and western regions of the northern side of the Mediterranean basin.

Origin – Spreading Zones of Lavandula angustifolia

Its native populations are located in western and northern Italy, southeastern France and eastern Spain and at an altitude of almost 1800 meters above sea level. Its habitats are located on the sunny sides of the mountains of these areas and on poor, rocky and calcareous soils. Although Mediterranean origin tolerates or can withstand low temperatures up to -12 ° C.

Extremely adaptive plant, English Lavender spread over time and beyond its original areas, either naturally or with the contribution of the man who cultivated it for productive or ornamental purposes.

Lavandula angustifolia is a perennial evergreen, in warm winter areas, dwarf shrub 30 to 90 cm high and 60 to 90 cm in diameter. It has dense form and gray-green to green foliage. Its leaves are simple, slightly tomentose, linear to lanceolate-linear up to 5 cm and carried oppositely to square cross-section stems.

Its numerous verticillaster flowers appear on terminal spikes and are purple in color. Leaflike bracts are in an opposite arrangement below each whorl and usually are shorter than calyces. The purple-gray in color calyx is tubular, ribbed and hairy with shiny oil glands among the hairs visible with a hand lens.
Both leaves and flowers are aromatic because they contain essential oil which distills, however the essential oil extracted from its flower peaks is of superior quality.
Both the plant itself and its plant parts along with the essential oil are used in many ways.Lavandula angustifolia is traditionally used as a herbal diaphoretic, diuretic, anthelmintic and tonic.

Essential oil has a wide scope of application and is used in perfumery, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, soap industries, and in the detergent industry.Dried flowers of Lavandula angustifolia is used for ornamental purposes, to protect clothes from the moth and for the fragrance as deodorant of the interior.

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Origanum Majorana

Classification

Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteridae
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae

Origanum majorana is a herbaceous plant perennial lignified in the basal portion, very aromatic. It has a largely branched, up to 50 cm high stem, with square section, initially tomentose and green ash, then glabrous with oblique rhizome.
The leaves are opposite, with dull or rounded base, oblong ovals (generally 5-10 x 8-20 mm), narrowing to the base in the short petiole and rounded up; The margin is full, the surface of the younger leaves is whitish by the presence of dense hair.
The marjoram has sessile flowers with tubular and bilabian corolla (upper or lower lip, the lower one divided into three sharp lobes) with white-rose petals or sometimes purplish. The flowers are clustered in dense racemic racemic glomeruli at the top, characterized by round, tomentose and glandular bratheas, stamines with divergent filaments and often protruding anthers on the sides; Goblet with 5 teeth, tubular weakly zygomorphic (in the shape of an open cone on one side).
The fruit is a microbase (tetrachinum enclosed in the bottom of the persistent chalice) with 0.9-1.3 x 0.7-0.8 mm mericars, elliptic, with apex, yellowish color then dark brown.

The used parts of the marjoram are the flowered summits, harvested from July to September, cut to 10-15 cm. From the ground, avoiding the lignificated basal portion. They gather in bunches and hang in a dry place for drying. They are stored in glass or porcelain containers.
Among the main constituents we mention: from 0.7 to 3% of essential oil consisting of: terpinen-4-ol, ά-terpineol, 4-thiol, linalolo; Rosemary acid, caffeic acid; 4.5% tannin; Ursolic and oleanolic acid; Year. A, ascorbic acid.
The main activities that are recognized at Origanum majorana are for the antiseptic activity of essential oil. The presence of tannins has aromatic, eupeptic and antispasmodic action of the gastro-enteric tube; Blocks intestinal tract fermentations, counteracting meteorism and painful contractions. It has a tonic action that, combined with antispasmodic and digestive properties, is useful in treating depressive and anxious states of migraine and headache. The respiratory system performs a balmy and expectorant action. It also has a mild diuretic action.
Marjoram can be used for internal use: the infusion is indicated in difficult digestion, abdominal pain, neuralgia, coughing and colds. Use as a spice in the kitchen, as well as make a delicate aroma than the oranges, contributes to the digestive processes.
For topical use, suffumuses are effective in case of colds and the use of infusion as a mouthwash against inflammation of the throat. You can also use the infusion for clutches in case of rheumatic neuralgia and pain.
Among the possible toxic effects, the fresh plant may cause skin and eye irritation in susceptible individuals. Essential oil, in high doses, can cause hematuria.

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Silene Vulgaris (Megalosperma)

A small bush plant with height reaching not more that 50cm. It grows mainly at limestone soils which is a common characteristic in many areas of Attica. It produces beautiful flower and bubble shaped small fruits.

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Antemis Chia (Asteraceae)

A small plant that it can be found all over Attica in great numbers in different altitudes, cultivated areas or not etc. Well known in ancient Greece as a pharmaceutical plant.

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Limonium sinuatum (Plumbaginaceae)

A perennial plant that grows everywhere at the rocky shores of East Attica. It produces beautiful white and blue flowers that attract several butterfly's and insects in general.