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The renaissance is considered to be the beginning of modern history. The era revolved around artists and humanists.

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During four separate trips that started with the one in 1492, Columbus landed on various Caribbean islands that are now the Bahamas as well as the island later called Hispaniola.

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The 95 theses were written by Martin Luther in 1517, they are widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. Luther used these theses to display his displeasure with some of the Church's clergy's abuses, most notably the sale of indulgences; this ultimately gave birth to Protestantism. This event came to be considered the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.

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The Peace of Augsburg, also called the Augsburg Settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and the Schmalkaldic League, signed in September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg.

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1588- Defeat of the Spanish Armada                                                  T

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1588- Defeat of the Spanish Armada                                                  T

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The Spanish Armada was a Hapsburg Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from A Coruña in late May 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England. A giant Spanish invasion fleet was completed by 1587, but Sir Francis Drake's daring raid on the Armada's supplies in the port of Cadiz delayed the Armada's departure until May 1588.

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1648-49- Peace of Westphalia; Execution of Charles I

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1648-49- Peace of Westphalia; Execution of Charles I

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European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years' War.

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The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange, who was James's nephew and son-in-law.

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A machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion. Thomas Newcomen built the first workable steam engine in 1712. James Watt vastly improved his device in the 1760's and 1770's. Steam power was then applied to machinery.

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The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies beginning in 1789.

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The congress of Vienna was a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814.

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1848- The Nationalist Revolutions (Liberalism)

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1848- The Nationalist Revolutions (Liberalism)

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The Nationalist Revolutions was series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily, and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. They all ended in failure and repression, and were followed by widespread disillusionment among liberals.