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LGBTQ
Terrrorist Attack in New Zealand
Climate Change, Greta Thunberg
Mars One
Elon Musk
Fortnite
Should government tax sugar?
Donald Trump
Social Media Influencers

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2. Search the Internet for good study material such as news articles, stories, films etc. Work with your material, always with the English language in focus.             

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2. Search the Internet for good study material such as news articles, stories, films etc. Work with your material, always with the English language in focus.             

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Post all links and vocabulary lists in your column.

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Do research:
Week 12: Wednesday
Week 13: Monday, Wednesday

Essay Writing:
Week 14: Monday
You are not allowed to use any study material or helping tools when you write your essays. Make sure you have learnt the vocabulary you need for this assignment.

Presentation:
Week 14: Wednesday
PPT
Ca 5 minutes
Topic
Sources
Vocabulary
Result?
Next time?

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Who Is Elon Musk?

Elon Reeve Musk is a South African-born American entrepreneur and businessman who founded X.com in 1999 (which later became PayPal), SpaceX in 2002 and Tesla Motors in 2003. Musk became a multimillionaire in his late 20s when he sold his start-up company, Zip2, to a division of Compaq Computers.

Musk made headlines in May 2012, when SpaceX launched a rocket that would send the first commercial vehicle to the International Space Station. He bolstered his portfolio with the purchase of SolarCity in 2016, and cemented his standing as a leader of industry by taking on an advisory role in the early days of President Donald Trump's administration.

Early Life

Musk was born on June 28, 1971, in Pretoria, South Africa. As a child, Musk was so lost in his daydreams about inventions that his parents and doctors ordered a test to check his hearing.

At about the time of his parents' divorce, when he was 10, Musk developed an interest in computers. He taught himself how to program, and when he was 12 he sold his first software: a game he created called Blastar.

In grade school, Musk was short, introverted and bookish. He was bullied until he was 15 and went through a growth spurt and learned how to defend himself with karate and wrestling.

Family

Musk's mother, Maye Musk, is a Canadian model and the oldest woman to star in a Covergirl campaign. When Musk was growing up, she worked five jobs at one point to support her family.

Musk's father, Errol Musk, is a wealthy South African engineer.

Musk spent his early childhood with his brother Kimbal and sister Tosca in South Africa. His parents divorced when he was 10.

Education

At age 17, in 1989, Musk moved to Canada to attend Queen's University and avoid mandatory service in the South African military. Musk obtained his Canadian citizenship that year, in part because he felt it would be easier to obtain American citizenship via that path.

In 1992, Musk left Canada to study business and physics at the University of Pennsylvania. He graduated with an undergraduate degree in economics and stayed for a second bachelor's degree in physics.

After leaving Penn, Musk headed to Stanford University in California to pursue a PhD in energy physics. However, his move was timed perfectly with the Internet boom, and he dropped out of Stanford after just two days to become a part of it, launching his first company, Zip2 Corporation in 1995. Musk became a U.S. citizen in 2002.

Companies

Zip2 Corporation

Musk launched his first company, Zip2 Corporation, in 1995 with his brother, Kimbal Musk. An online city guide, Zip2 was soon providing content for the new websites of both The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune. In 1999, a division of Compaq Computer Corporation bought Zip2 for $307 million in cash and $34 million in stock options.

PayPal

In 1999, Elon and Kimbal Musk used the money from their sale of Zip2 to found X.com, an online financial services/payments company. An X.com acquisition the following year led to the creation of PayPal as it is known today.

In October 2002, Musk earned his first billion when PayPal was acquired by eBay for $1.5 billion in stock. Before the sale, Musk owned 11 percent of PayPal stock.

SpaceX

Musk founded his third company, Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, or SpaceX, in 2002 with the intention of building spacecraft for commercial space travel. By 2008, SpaceX was well established, and NASA awarded the company the contract to handle cargo transport for the International Space Station-with plans for astronaut transport in the future-in a move to replace NASA's own space shuttle missions.

Photo: Dan Tuffs/Getty Images

Falcon 9 Rockets

On May 22, 2012, Musk and SpaceX made history when the company launched its Falcon 9 rocket into space with an unmanned capsule. The vehicle was sent to the International Space Station with 1,000 pounds of supplies for the astronauts stationed there, marking the first time a private company had sent a spacecraft to the International Space Station. Of the launch, Musk was quoted as saying, "I feel very lucky. ... For us, it's like winning the Super Bowl."

In December 2013, a Falcon 9 successfully carried a satellite to geosynchronous transfer orbit, a distance at which the satellite would lock into an orbital path that matched the Earth's rotation. In February 2015, SpaceX launched another Falcon 9 fitted with the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) satellite, aiming to observe the extreme emissions from the sun that affect power grids and communications systems on Earth.

In March 2017, SpaceX saw the successful test flight and landing of a Falcon 9 rocket made from reusable parts, a development that opened the door for more affordable space travel.

A setback came in November 2017, when an explosion occurred during a test of the company's new Block 5 Merlin engine. SpaceX reported that no one was hurt, and that the issue would not hamper its planned rollout of a future generation of Falcon 9 rockets.

The company enjoyed another milestone moment in February 2018 with the successful test launch of the powerful Falcon Heavy rocket. Armed with additional Falcon 9 boosters, the Falcon Heavy was designed to carry immense payloads into orbit and potentially serve as a vessel for deep space missions. For the test launch, the Falcon Heavy was given a payload of Musk's cherry-red Tesla Roadster, equipped with cameras to "provide some epic views" for the vehicle's planned orbit around the sun.

In July 2018, Space X enjoyed the successful landing of a new Block 5 Falcon rocket, which touched down on a drone ship less than 9 minutes after liftoff.

BFR Mission to Mars

In September 2017, Musk presented an updated design plan for his BFR (an acronym for either "Big F---ing Rocket" or "Big Falcon Rocket"), a 31-engine behemoth topped by a spaceship capable of carrying at least 100 people. He revealed that SpaceX was aiming to launch the first cargo missions to Mars with the vehicle in 2022, as part of his overarching goal of colonizing the Red Planet.

In March 2018, the entrepreneur told an audience at the annual South by Southwest festival in Austin, Texas, that he hoped to have the BFR ready for short flights early the following year, while delivering a knowing nod at his previous problems with meeting deadlines.

The following month, it was announced that SpaceX would construct a facility at the Port of Los Angeles to build and house the BFR. The port property presented an ideal location for SpaceX, as its mammoth rocket will only be movable by barge or ship when completed.

Starlink Internet Satellites

In late March 2018, SpaceX received permission from the U.S. government to launch a fleet of satellites into low orbit for the purpose of providing Internet service. The satellite network, named Starlink, would ideally make broadband service more accessible in rural areas, while also boosting competition in heavily populated markets that are typically dominated by one or two providers.

SpaceX launched the first batch of 60 satellites in May 2019, and followed with another payload of 60 satellites that November. While this represented significant progress for the Starlink venture, the appearance of these bright orbiters in the night sky, with the potential of thousands more to come, worried astronomers who felt that a proliferation of satellites would increase the difficulty of studying distant objects in space.

Tesla Motors

Musk is the co-founder, CEO and product architect at Tesla Motors, a company formed in 2003 that is dedicated to producing affordable, mass-market electric cars as well as battery products and solar roofs. Musk oversees all product development, engineering and design of the company's products.

Roadster

Five years after its formation, in March 2008, Tesla unveiled the Roadster, a sports car capable of accelerating from 0 to 60 mph in 3.7 seconds, as well as traveling nearly 250 miles between charges of its lithium ion battery.

With a stake in the company taken by Daimler and a strategic partnership with Toyota, Tesla Motors launched its initial public offering in June 2010, raising $226 million.

Model S

In August 2008, Tesla announced plans for its Model S, the company's first electric sedan that was reportedly meant to take on the BMW 5 series. In 2012, the Model S finally entered production at a starting price of $58,570. Capable of covering 265 miles between charges, it was honored as the 2013 Car of the Year by Motor Trend magazine.

In April 2017, Tesla announced that it surpassed General Motors to become the most valuable U.S. car maker. The news was an obvious boon to Tesla, which was looking to ramp up production and release its Model 3 sedan later that year.

In September 2019, using what Musk described as a "Plaid powertrain," a Model S set a speed record for four-door sedan at Lacuna Seca Raceway in Monterey County, California.

Model 3

The Model 3 was officially launched in March 2019 following extensive production delays. The car was initially priced at $35,000, a much more accessible price point than the $69,500 and up for its Model S and X electric sedans.

After initially aiming to produce 5,000 new Model 3 cars per week by December 2017, Musk pushed that goal back to March 2018, and then to June with the start of the new year. The announced delay didn't surprise industry experts, who were well aware of the company's production problems, though some questioned how long investors would remain patient with the process. It also didn't prevent Musk from garnering a radical new compensation package as CEO, in which he would be paid after reaching milestones of growing valuation based on $50 billion increments.

By April 2018, with Tesla expected to fall short of first-quarter production forecasts, news surfaced that Musk had pushed aside the head of engineering to personally oversee efforts in that division. In a Twitter exchange with a reporter, Musk said it was important to "divide and conquer" to meet production goals and was "back to sleeping at factory."

After signaling that the company would reorganize its management structure, Musk in June announced that Tesla was laying off 9 percent of its workforce, though its production department would remain intact. In an email to employees, Musk explained his decision to eliminate some "duplication of roles" to cut costs, admitting it was time to take serious steps toward turning a profit.

The restructuring appeared to pay dividends, as it was announced that Tesla had met its goal of producing 5,000 Model 3 cars per week by the end of June 2018, while churning out another 2,000 Model S sedans and Model X SUVs. "We did it!" Musk wrote in a celebratory email to the company. "What an incredible job by an amazing team."

The following February, Musk announced that the company was finally rolling out its standard Model 3. Musk also said that Tesla was shifting to all-online sales, and offering customers the chance to return their cars within seven days or 1,000 miles for a full refund.

Semi Truck

In November 2017, Musk made another splash with the unveiling of the new Tesla Semi and Roadster at the company's design studio. The semi-truck, which was expected to enter into production in 2019 before being delayed, boasts 500 miles of range as well as a battery and motors built to last 1 million miles.

Model Y and Roadster

In March 2019, Musk unveiled Tesla's long-awaited Model Y. The compact crossover, which began arriving for customers in March 2020, has a driving range of 300 miles and a 0 to 60 mph time of 3.5 seconds.

The Roadster, also set to be released in 2020, will become the fastest production car ever made, with a 0 to 60 time of 1.9 seconds.

SolarCity

In August 2016, in Musk's continuing effort to promote and advance sustainable energy and products for a wider consumer base, a $2.6 billion dollar deal was solidified to combine his electric car and solar energy companies. His Tesla Motors Inc. announced an all-stock deal purchase of SolarCity Corp., a company Musk had helped his cousins start in 2006. He is a majority shareholder in each entity.

"Solar and storage are at their best when they're combined. As one company, Tesla (storage) and SolarCity (solar) can create fully integrated residential, commercial and grid-scale products that improve the way that energy is generated, stored and consumed," read a statement on Tesla's website about the deal.

The Boring Company

In January 2017, Musk launched The Boring Company, a company devoted to boring and building tunnels in order to reduce street traffic. He began with a test dig on the SpaceX property in Los Angeles.

In late October of that year, Musk posted the first photo of his company's progress to his Instagram page. He said the 500-foot tunnel, which would generally run parallel to Interstate 405, would reach a length of two miles in approximately four months.

In May 2019 the company, now known as TBC, landed a $48.7 million contract from the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority to build an underground Loop system to shuttle people around the Las Vegas Convention Center.

DOWNLOAD BIOGRAPHY'S ELON MUSK FACT CARD

Musk's Tweet and SEC Investigation

On August 7, 2018, Musk dropped a bombshell via a tweet: "Am considering taking Tesla private at $420. Funding secured." The announcement opened the door for legal action against the company and its founder, as the SEC began inquiring about whether Musk had indeed secured the funding as claimed. Several investors filed lawsuits on the grounds that Musk was looking to manipulate stock prices and ambush short sellers with his tweet.

Musk's tweet initially sent Tesla stock spiking, before it closed the day up 11 percent. The CEO followed up with a letter on the company blog, calling the move to go private "the best path forward." He promised to retain his stake in the company, and added that he would create a special fund to help all current investors remain on board.

Six days later, Musk sought to clarify his position with a statement in which he pointed to discussions with the managing director of the Saudi Arabian sovereign wealth fund as the source of his "funding secured" declaration. He later tweeted that he was working on a proposal to take Tesla private with Goldman Sachs and Silver Lake as financial advisers.

The saga took a bizarre turn that day when rapper Azealia Banks wrote on Instagram that, as a guest at Musk's home at the time, she learned that he was under the influence of LSD when he fired off his headline-grabbing tweet. Banks said she overheard Musk making phone calls to drum up the funding he promised was already in place.

The news quickly turned serious again when it was reported that Tesla's outside directors had retained two law firms to deal with the SEC inquiry and the CEO's plans to take the company private.

On August 24, one day after meeting with the board, Musk announced that he had reversed course and would not be taking the company private. Among his reasons, he cited the preference of most directors to keep Tesla public, as well as the difficulty of retaining some of the large shareholders who were prohibited from investing in a private company. Others suggested that Musk was also influenced by the poor optics of an electric car company being funded by Saudi Arabia, a country heavily involved in the oil industry.

On September 29, 2018, it was announced that Musk would pay a $20 million fine and step down as chairman of Tesla's board for three years as part of an agreement with the SEC.

Inventions and Innovations

Hyperloop

In August 2013, Musk released a concept for a new form of transportation called the "Hyperloop," an invention that would foster commuting between major cities while severely cutting travel time. Ideally resistant to weather and powered by renewable energy, the Hyperloop would propel riders in pods through a network of low-pressure tubes at speeds reaching more than 700 mph. Musk noted that the Hyperloop could take from seven to 10 years to be built and ready for use.

Although he introduced the Hyperloop with claims that it would be safer than a plane or train, with an estimated cost of $6 billion - approximately one-tenth of the cost for the rail system planned by the state of California - Musk's concept has drawn skepticism. Nevertheless, the entrepreneur has sought to encourage the development of this idea.

After he announced a competition for teams to submit their designs for a Hyperloop pod prototype, the first Hyperloop Pod Competition was held at the SpaceX facility in January 2017. A speed record of 284 mph was set by a German student engineering team at competition No. 3 in 2018, with the same team pushing the record to 287 mph the next year.

AI and Neuralink

Musk has pursued an interest in artificial intelligence, becoming co-chair of the nonprofit OpenAI. The research company launched in late 2015 with the stated mission of advancing digital intelligence to benefit humanity.

In 2017, it was also reported that Musk was backing a venture called Neuralink, which intends to create devices to be implanted in the human brain and help people merge with software. He expanded on the company's progress during a July 2019 discussion, revealing that its devices will consist of a microscopic chip that connects via Bluetooth to a smartphone.

High-Speed Train

In late November 2017, after Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel asked for proposals to build and operate a high-speed rail line that would transport passengers from O'Hare Airport to downtown Chicago in 20 minutes or less, Musk tweeted that he was all-in on the competition with The Boring Company. He said that the concept of the Chicago loop would be different from his Hyperloop, its relatively short route not requiring the need for drawing a vacuum to eliminate air friction.

In summer 2018 Musk announced he would cover the estimated $1 billion needed to dig the 17-mile tunnel from the airport to downtown Chicago. However, in late 2019 he tweeted that TBC would focus on completing the commercial tunnel in Las Vegas before turning to other projects, suggesting that plans for Chicago would remain in limbo for the immediate future.

Flamethrower

Musk also reportedly found a market for The Boring Company's flamethrowers. After announcing they were going on sale for $500 apiece in late January 2018, he claimed to have sold 10,000 of them within a day.

Photo: NORAD and USNORTHCOM Public Affairs [Public domain]

Relationship with Donald Trump

In December 2016, Musk was named to President Donald Trump's Strategy and Policy Forum; the following January, he joined Trump's Manufacturing Jobs Initiative. Following Trump's election, Musk found himself on common ground with the new president and his advisers as the president announced plans to pursue massive infrastructure developments.

While sometimes at odds with the president's controversial measures, such as a proposed ban on immigrants from Muslim-majority countries, Musk defended his involvement with the new administration. "My goals," he tweeted in early 2017, "are to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable energy and to help make humanity a multi-planet civilization, a consequence of which will be the creating of hundreds of thousands of jobs and a more inspiring future for all."

On June 1, following Trump's announcement that he was withdrawing the U.S. from the Paris climate accord, Musk stepped down from his advisory roles.

Personal Life

Wives and Children

Musk has been married twice. He wed Justine Wilson in 2000, and the couple had six children together. In 2002, their first son died at 10 weeks old from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Musk and Wilson had five additional sons together: twins Griffin and Xavier (born in 2004) and triplets Kai, Saxon and Damian (born in 2006).

After a contentious divorce from Wilson, Musk met actress Talulah Riley. The couple married in 2010. They split in 2012 but married each other again in 2013. Their relationship ultimately ended in divorce in 2016.

Girlfriends

Musk reportedly began dating actress Amber Heard in 2016 after finalizing his divorce with Riley and Heard finalized her divorce from Johnny Depp. Their busy schedules caused the couple to break up in August 2017; they got back together in January 2018 and split again one month later.

In May 2018, Musk began dating musician Grimes (born Claire Boucher). That month, Grimes announced that she had changed her name to " c," the symbol for the speed of light, reportedly on the encouragement of Musk. Fans criticized the feminist performer for dating a billionaire whose company has been described as a "predator zone" among accusations of sexual harassment.

The couple discussed their love for one another in a March 2019 feature in the Wall Street Journal Magazine, with Grimes saying "Look, I love him, he's great...I mean, he's a super-interesting goddamn person." Musk, for his part, told the Journal, "I love c's wild fae artistic creativity and hyper intense work ethic."

Grimes gave birth to their son on May 4, 2020, with Musk announcing that they had named the boy "X Æ A-12."

Nonprofit Work

The boundless potential of space exploration and the preservation of the future of the human race have become the cornerstones of Musk's abiding interests, and toward these he has founded the Musk Foundation, which is dedicated to space exploration and the discovery of renewable and clean energy sources.

In October 2019 Musk pledged to donate $1 million to the #TeamTrees campaign, which aims to plant 20 million trees around the world by 2020. He even changed his Twitter name to Treelon for the occasion.

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Elon Reeve Musk is a South African-born American entrepreneur and businessman who founded X.com in 1999 (which later became PayPal), SpaceX in 2002 and Tesla Motors in 2003. Musk became a multimillionaire in his late 20s when he sold his start-up company, Zip2, to a division of Compaq Computers.

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Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet

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Our Trajectory

Earth Will Continue to Warm and the Effects Will Be Profound

The potential future effects of global climate change include more frequent wildfires, longer periods of drought in some regions, and an increase in the wind intensity and rainfall from tropical cyclones. Credit: left - Mike McMillan/USFS, center - Tomas Castelazo / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0, right - NASA.

Global climate change is not a future problem. Changes to Earth's climate driven by increased human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are already having widespread effects on the environment: glaciers and ice sheets are shrinking, river and lake ice is breaking up earlier, plant and animal geographic ranges are shifting, and plants and trees are blooming sooner.

Effects that scientists had long predicted would result from global climate change are now occurring, such as sea ice loss, accelerated sea level rise, and longer, more intense heat waves.

" The magnitude and rate of climate change and associated risks depend strongly on near-term mitigation and adaptation actions, and projected adverse impacts and related losses and damages escalate with every increment of global warming."

- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Some changes (such as droughts, wildfires, and extreme rainfall) are happening faster than scientists previously assessed. In fact, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - the United Nations body established to assess the science related to climate change - modern humans have never before seen the observed changes in our global climate, and some of these changes are irreversible over the next hundreds to thousands of years.

Scientists have high confidence that global temperatures will continue to rise for many decades, mainly due to greenhouse gases produced by human activities.

A Degree of Difference

So, the Earth's average temperature has increased about 2 degrees Fahrenheit during the 20th century. What's the big deal?

Read more

The IPCC's Sixth Assessment report, published in 2021, found that human emissions of heat-trapping gases have already warmed the climate by nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) since 1850-1900. The global average temperature is expected to reach or exceed 1.5 degrees C (about 3 degrees F) within the next few decades. These changes will affect all regions of Earth.

What's the difference between climate change and global warming?

"Global warming" refers to the long-term warming of the planet. "Climate change" encompasses global warming, but refers to the broader range of changes that are happening to our planet, including rising sea levels; shrinking mountain glaciers; accelerating ice melt in Greenland, Antarctica and the Arctic; and shifts in flower/plant blooming times.

detailed answer

The severity of effects caused by climate change will depend on the path of future human activities. More greenhouse gas emissions will lead to more climate extremes and widespread damaging effects across our planet. However, those future effects depend on the total amount of carbon dioxide we emit. So, if we can reduce emissions, we may avoid some of the worst effects.

" The scientific evidence is unequivocal: climate change is a threat to human wellbeing and the health of the planet. Any further delay in concerted global action will miss the brief, rapidly closing window to secure a liveable future." ²

- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Future Effects in the U.S.

U.S. Regional Effects

U.S. Regional Effects

Climate change is bringing different types of challenges to each region of the country. Some of the current and future impacts are summarized below. These findings are from the Third and Fourth National Climate Assessment Reports, released by the U.S. Global Change Research Program.

Is it too late to prevent climate change?

Humans have caused major climate changes to happen already, and we have set in motion more changes still. However, if we stopped emitting greenhouse gases today, the rise in global temperatures would begin to flatten within a few years. Temperatures would then plateau but remain well-elevated for many, many centuries.

detailed answer

Northeast. Heat waves, heavy downpours, and sea level rise pose increasing challenges to many aspects of life in the Northeast. Infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, and ecosystems will be increasingly compromised. Farmers can explore new crop options, but these adaptations are not cost- or risk-free. Moreover, adaptive capacity, which varies throughout the region, could be overwhelmed by a changing climate. Many states and cities are beginning to incorporate climate change into their planning.

Northwest. Changes in the timing of peak flows in rivers and streams are reducing water supplies and worsening competing demands for water. Sea level rise, erosion, flooding, risks to infrastructure, and increasing ocean acidity pose major threats. Increasing wildfire incidence and severity, heat waves, insect outbreaks, and tree diseases are causing widespread forest die-off.

Southeast. Sea level rise poses widespread and continuing threats to the region's economy and environment. Extreme heat will affect health, energy, agriculture, and more. Decreased water availability will have economic and environmental impacts.

Midwest. Extreme heat, heavy downpours, and flooding will affect infrastructure, health, agriculture, forestry, transportation, air and water quality, and more. Climate change will also worsen a range of risks to the Great Lakes.

Southwest. Climate change has caused increased heat, drought, and insect outbreaks. In turn, these changes have made wildfires more numerous and severe. The warming climate has also caused a decline in water supplies, reduced agricultural yields, and triggered heat-related health impacts in cities. In coastal areas, flooding and erosion are additional concerns.

References
References
Header image shows cracked mud stretches across sections of the Panamint Valley. Credit: NPS/Kurt Moses; A degree of concern thermometer image credit: Pixabay/geralt

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intergovernmental panel on climate change

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Vital Signs of the Planet: Global Climate Change and Global Warming. Long-term effects of global climate change in the United States.

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Christchurch massacre: PM confirms children among shooting victims - as it happened

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Prime minister vows to change gun laws in wake of terror attack

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https://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Li-Ou/Musk-Elon.html

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We are closing our live coverage. Here are today's main developments.

Tarrant smirked in court and flashed what is said to be a white power symbol.

New Zealand's Attorney-General David Parker told media outlets that New Zealand would ban semi-automatic rifles.

New Zealand police will hold a press conference at 09:30 on Sunday (20:30 GMT Saturday). At an earlier press conference, Police Commissioner Mike Bush said that only one gunman is believed to have been involved in Friday's terror attack.

Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs has confirmed the death of six of its citizens in the Christchurch mosque shootings.

Spokesman Dr Mohamed Faisal said Sohail Shahid, Syed Jahandad Ali, Syed Areeb Ahmed, Mahboob Haroon, Naeem Rashid and his son Talha's deaths have been confirmed by New Zealand authorities.

He added three other Pakistan-born people missing after the attack were still being identified.

An Indonesian student has told the BBC how he escaped the Al Noor mosque in Christchurch as a gunman began an attack on worshipers.

Irfan Yunianto was in a small room performing Friday prayers and listening to the sermon when he heard a loud noise.

"Seconds later I heard rapid gunfire," he said.

He ran out of an emergency exit door beside him and into a car park behind the mosque, where people were attempting to climb the gate to escape.

Yunianto said a friend helped him climb the gate and he hid in a retired doctor's house with "at least 15 people, two of them were injured".

"He was so kind, offering us beverages and a place to rest," he said.

"We didn't dare to go outside as we were afraid of being shot or even worse, meet with the perpetrator."

The group were evacuated by police about five hours after the attack.

When he appeared in court this morning, suspect Brenton Tarrant smirked and flashed what has been described as a white power symbol.

The symbol, which looks the same as a traditional 'OK' hand gesture, is said to be used by white nationalists and racist internet trolls to signal to one another.

Tarrant's use of it fits in with a mocking, self-aware approach he took to the lengthy racist document he published before allegedly carrying out the attack.

Parts of the document contain serious white nationalist conspiracy theories and racist ideologies, but others are designed to troll the mainstream media - effectively a nod and a wink to an online community of racists who enjoy baiting the media and others alien to white nationalist subculture.

Three Jordanian people are among the 49 victims of the Christchurch mosque shootings, Jordan's news agency Petra has reported.

The news agency quoted a government spokesman who said the director of consular affairs Ambassador Ahed Sweidat had left Amman for New Zealand following the attack.

Rupert Wingfield-Hayes

BBC Tokyo correspondent, in Christchurch

The people of Christchurch turned out on Saturday to show their rejection of the hate that inspired Friday's attacks.

In ones and twos and in family groups, people visited a makeshift memorial set up on the edge of Hagley Park.

And outside the two mosques that were attacked mourners laid flowers. Many left hand written notes. "This is not New Zealand" read one.

The mayor of Christchurch, Lianne Dalziel, said the killer came to the city with hate in his heart, to perform an act of terrorism. But she said he did not represent anything about the city.

Still there are uncomfortable questions for the authorities here. The man now in custody, Brenton Tarrant, made no secret of his support for white supremacy.

He had reportedly been planning the attacks for months. And yet he was not on any police watch list.

Nor did he have any trouble getting a gun license, and buying a collection of high-powered weapons.

New Zealand police will hold another press conference on Sunday morning, local time, following a court appearance by the suspect on Saturday.

The press conference will be at 09:30 (20:30 GMT Saturday).

Only one gunman is believed to have been involved in Friday's terror attack, Police Commissioner Mike Bush suggested.

Speaking at a press conference, he said New Zealand police had not seen any evidence to suggest there was more than one gunman involved in the attacks.

Australian Brenton Tarrant, 28, was arrested and has appeared in court over a single murder charge.

Two other people were arrested - police have said they are trying to determine whether the two were involved in the attacks.

Three Egyptian citizens are said to have been killed in Friday's attack on two mosques in New Zealand, the Masrawy news website reports.

The article includes a statement from presidential spokesman Bassam Radi, quoting President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi.

In it the Egyptian president says the the attack "requires the international community to unite its efforts to counter terrorism".

There was a message of solidarity as faith and community leaders, joined by London Mayor Sadiq Khan, held a gathering at the East London Mosque dedicated to victims of the New Zealand mosque shootings.

Posters saying "no to Islamophobia" and "this will not divide us" were held up at the event in Whitechapel, as one speaker after another called for people to come together.
Read the full story here.

Australian TV host Waleed Aly gave an emotional opening to his comedy news show The Project on Friday night. He started by saying he hadn't wanted to speak on the killings, but had "this overwhelming sense that it was something in my responsibility to do so, and maybe that's misguided".

He said that "of all the things I could say tonight... the most dishonest thing would be to say that I'm shocked. I'm simply not... If we're honest, we all know this has been coming."

He went on to call on Australian politicians to "show us how tough you are now" in tackling white supremacists as they have Islamic terror threats.

A far-right Australian senator who blamed Friday's attack on Muslim immigration to New Zealand had to be restrained on Saturday after punching a teenage boy protesting his comments.

Queensland Senator Fraser Anning had an egg thrown at him during a press conference in Melbourne, leading the politician to punch the man in the face repeatedly.

On Friday, Mr Anning said the shootings at two mosques in Christchurch, in which 49 people died, were the result of Muslim immigration into New Zealand.

Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison said Mr Anning's comments were "appalling" and "ugly" and had "no place in Australia".

Australian news outlet 7 News Sydney reported a 17-year-old had been arrested and released by police over the incident.

A moving video here from Polyfest, an annual festival celebrating Maori and Pacific Island cultures in New Zealand.

The last day of the event has been cancelled, and a traditional ceremony was held as flags were lowered on site.

Christchurch's Botanic Gardens, close to both mosques, has become a place of memorial, where people are leaving flowers, tributes and messages to the victims and the Islamic community.

The New Zealand Herald has picked up comments made by Attorney-General David Parker at a vigil in Auckland, saying the government would ban semi-automatic rifles.

He also warned about rising extremism, the paper reports.

"There is a dimming of enlightenment in many parts of the world. How can it be right for this atrocity to be filmed by the murderer using a go-pro and live-streamed across the world by social media companies? How can that be right? Who should be held accountable for that?"

Christchurch Mayor Lianne Dalziel says she supports Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern's promise to change the country's gun laws.

"There have been tightening of the gun laws in this country over time," she said.

"But yes, I think that as people are in a situation where they can accumulate weapons and they can turn relatively straightforward rifles into semi-automatic weapons of a military nature, that is not something that we should allow to happen."

In a report seen by BBC Monitoring, religious organisations in Indonesia have been urging people to "avoid provocation and refrain from sharing online footage of terrorist attacks on two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand".

Christian and Islamic groups condemned the shooting and called on the Indonesian government to prevent tensions from building up, the Jakarta Post reports.

New Zealand officials have begun the difficult task of identifying the 49 people who died in Friday's terror attack in Christchurch.

It is becoming clear that some of the victims were refugees who thought they had found safety in New Zealand.

Sayyad Milne, 14, was at the Al Noor mosque on Friday with his mother.

His father told New Zealand media on Saturday: "I haven't heard officially yet that he's actually passed but I know he has because he was seen."

Naeem Rashid was originally from Abbottabad in Pakistan. He was a teacher in Christchurch.

In the live video of the attack at one point he was seen attempting to tackle the gunman.

His family told BBC Urdu he was taken to hospital but they believe he died, along with his teenage son, Talha.
Read the full story here.

The BBC's Indonesian service has been speaking to the brother of an Indonesian man who was injured in the attack along with his son, aged two.

Zulfirman Syah was shot several times, while his son has a gunshot wound to the leg and backside.

"My brother is still at the intensive care unit. Yesterday he underwent surgery because a bullet penetrated his lung," Hendra Yaspita said. "He can't communicate now. But I was told by his wife that he's in a stable condition, despite unconscious.

"On the other hand, my nephew, thanks to God, is getting better."

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We are closing our live coverage. Here are today's main developments. Tarrant smirked in court and flashed what is said to be a white power symbol. New Zealand's Attorney-General David Parker told media outlets that New Zealand would ban semi-automatic rifles. New Zealand police will hold a press conference at 09:30 on Sunday (20:30 GMT Saturday).

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Elon Reeve Musk is an American entrepreneur, inventor and investor. He is best known for his role as CEO of electric-car manufacturer Tesla Motors, and as co-founder of online money transfer system PayPal, and of commercial space program SpaceX. Besides these, he has participated in a number of other business ventures, including OpenAI, Neuralink, SolarCity, and more.

Musk: South African-born, U.S.-educated

Musk was born in South Africa, where he spent his childhood and adolescence. He was raised primarily by his father, who was an engineer. Musk became interested in computers at a young age and began programming in his teens. After high school, Musk emigrated to Canada, where he attended college, and later transferred to the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.

In 1995, Musk started a PhD in applied physics at Stanford University in California, but quickly dropped out to start his own company. He would go on to sell that company, called Zip2, to Compaq, for more than $300 million in 1999. Musk earned $22 million from that deal, later taking that capital to launch X.com in 1999. X.com was an online banking site that later changed its name to PayPal. eBay purchased the company in 2002 for $1.5 billion in stock, of which $165 million went to Musk. That same year, he became an American citizen. (See also: Three Steps Elon Musk Took To Become Successful.)

Flush from the PayPal sale, Musk looked skyward. His next venture was SpaceX, a private, for-profit space program. After a few false starts, the company began developing its own rockets. The company launched a landmark commercial spacecraft in 2009 and again in 2012.

Musk's Projects on Earth and in Space

While planning his exploration of space, Musk also took an interest in more terrestrial matters. After a major investment in 2004, Musk joined the board of Tesla Motors as its chairman. Also contributing as a product architect, he played a role in the designs of the cars Tesla was building. Following the 2008 financial crisis, Musk assumed the mantle of CEO of Tesla, a position he still holds today. (For more, see: Is Elon Musk's Hyperloop Economically Feasible?)

Beyond Tesla and SpaceX, Musk remains involved in a number of futuristic projects. He is connected with a high-speed transportation system called the Hyperloop. He has also been a proponent of a VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) supersonic jet aircraft.

As of October of 2017, Musk's net worth is nearly $21 billion.

Elon Musk: Early Life and Education

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Elon Reeve Musk is an American entrepreneur, inventor and investor. He is best known for his role as CEO of electric-car manufacturer Tesla Motors, and as co-founder of online money transfer system PayPal, and of commercial space program SpaceX. Besides these, he has participated in a number of other business ventures, including OpenAI, Neuralink, SolarCity, and more.

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New Zealand’s Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern garners international praise.

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Acronym- akronym
Trillionaire- biljonär/triljonär
Internet boom- IT-bubblan
Futuristic- framtida
Proponent- förespråkare
Supersonic- supersonisk
Dedicated- hängiven
Autobiography- självbiografi

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Vocabulary:                    Attorney general:  justitiekansler, generaladvokat. Semi-automatic weapon: halvautomatiskt vapen. Commissioner: ledamot av beslutande organ.        Custody: arrest, omhändertagen.      Intercepted by police: hejdad av, stoppa av polisen. Devastated: förkrossats. Deeply horrified: djupt skräckslaget.              Atrocities: hemskheter, grymhet.                        Diligently : omsorgfullt. Heinous act: avskyvärd handling.                        Smirked: flina, små le. Perpetrator: gärningsman. Evacuated by police: evakuerade, tömma ut. Initially: inledningsvis, från början, i början              Tributes: hyllning. Enlightenment: upplysning, insikt                                       

# data[].attributes.subject
Vocabulary:                    Attorney general:  justitiekansler, generaladvokat. Semi-automatic weapon: halvautomatiskt vapen. Commissioner: ledamot av beslutande organ.        Custody: arrest, omhändertagen.      Intercepted by police: hejdad av, stoppa av polisen. Devastated: förkrossats. Deeply horrified: djupt skräckslaget.              Atrocities: hemskheter, grymhet.                        Diligently : omsorgfullt. Heinous act: avskyvärd handling.                        Smirked: flina, små le. Perpetrator: gärningsman. Evacuated by police: evakuerade, tömma ut. Initially: inledningsvis, från början, i början              Tributes: hyllning. Enlightenment: upplysning, insikt                                       

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Atmosphere- atmosfär
Ecosystem- ekosystem
Reusable- förnybar
Habitiat- livmiljö
Endangered- utrotningshotad
Species- arter
Greenhouse effects- växthuseffekten
Drought- torka
Famine- svält