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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs. The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome isn't well understood, but may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Symptoms include menstrual irregularity, excess hair growth, acne, and obesity.

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With type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin, or it resists insulin.

Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, and blurred vision. In some cases, there may be no symptoms.

Treatments include diet, exercise, medication, and insulin therapy.  Type 2 diabetesis the most common form of diabetes. If you have type 2 diabetes your body does not use insulin properly.

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Diabetes mellitus type 1, also known as type 1 diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus in which very little or no insulin is produced by the pancreas. Before treatment this results in high blood sugar levels in the body. The classic symptoms are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, and weight loss. Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, and blurred vision.

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Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. Hyperthyroidism can accelerate your body's metabolism, causing unintentional weight loss and a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Symptoms include unexpected weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat, sweating, and irritability, although the elderly often experience no symptoms.

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Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid gland.Hypothyroidism means that the thyroid gland can't make enough thyroid hormone to keep the body running normally. People are hypothyroid if they have too little thyroid hormone in the blood. Hypothyroidism's deficiency of thyroid hormones can disrupt such things as heart rate, body temperature, and all aspects of metabolism. Hypothyroidism is most prevalent in older women.

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A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of your thyroid gland. Your thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck just below your Adam's apple. Although goiters are usually painless, a large goiter can cause a cough and make it difficult for you to swallow or breathe. A goiter commonly develops as a result of iodine deficiency or inflammation of the thyroid gland.

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The cause of thyroid cancer is poorly understood, but may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some people have no symptoms. Others may notice a lump in the neck. About 80% of thyroid cancers are papillary carcinomas—the most common and least aggressive cancer of the thyroid. ... While papillary carcinomas often spread to the lymph nodes in the neck, these cancers can usually be treated successfully and are rarely fatal.

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The hormone-producing gland in the brain (pituitary gland) overproduces prolactin, decreasing the levels of some sex hormones. It's caused by a noncancerous tumor on the gland. Common symptoms include breast discharge and irregular menstrual periods in women. Men may experience decreased sexual desire and breast enlargement. Prolactinoma can cause impaired vision and infertility.

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Dwarfism is generally defined as an adult height of four feet 10 inches or less. The average adult height in dwarfism is four feet. Common complications include bowing of the legs, hunching of the back, and crowded teeth. A common cause of dwarfism is a genetic mutation that affects bone growth. Dwarfism can be caused by any of more than 200 conditions. Causes of proportionate dwarfism include metabolic and hormonal disorders such as growth hormone deficiency. The most common types of dwarfism, known as skeletal dysplasias, are genetic.

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Gigantism is a rare condition that causes abnormal growth in children. This change is most notable in terms of height, but girth is affected as well. It occurs when your child's pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin. The most common cause of too much GH release is anoncancerous (benign) tumor of the pituitary gland. Other causes include: Genetic disease that affects the skin color (pigmentation) and causes benign tumors of the skin, heart, and endocrine (hormone) system (Carney complex)

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Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder that can cause hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid. With this disease, your immune system attacks your thyroid. ... Thyroid hormones control how your body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in your body—even the way your heart beats. Initially, inflammation of the thyroid causes a leak resulting in excess thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). Over time, the inflammation prevents the thyroid from producing enough hormones (hypothyroidism).

Symptoms include fatigue and unexplained weight gain.

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Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid. With this disease, your immune system attacks the thyroid and causes it to make more thyroid hormone than your body needs. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. Symptoms include anxiety, hand tremor, heat sensitivity, weight loss, puffy eyes and enlarged thyroid.

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Some patients have Cushing's syndrome because the adrenal glands have a tumor(s) making too much cortisol. Other patients have Cushing's syndrome because they make too much of the hormone ACTH, which causes the adrenal glands to make cortisol. When the ACTH comes from the pituitary gland it is called Cushing's disease. Signs are a fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded face, and pink or purple stretch marks.

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Addison's disease is a disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone. Addison's disease is caused by an autoimmune response, in which the body's immune system assaults its own organs and tissues. Symptoms tend to be non-specific and include fatigue, nausea, darkening of the skin, and dizziness upon standing.