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Jordan Miller (I don't have page numbers because I'm using an online PDF)

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Jordan Miller (I don't have page numbers because I'm using an online PDF)

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1) " Mam says, Alphie is enough. I'm worn out. That's the end of it. No more children. Dad says, The good Catholic woman must perform her wifely duties and submit to her husband or face eternal damnation. Mam says, As long as there are no more children eternal damnation sounds attractive enough to me". This supports the theme seed of Family Relationships because it shows Angela and Malachy relationship deteriorating. Angela is done doing whatever it is that Malachy wants and it essentially putting her foot down.
2) "I try to find music in my own head but all I can find is my mother moaning for lemonade". This supports the theme seed of Family Relationships because it shows how Frank is having to take care of his sick mother. His role in the family is evolving from being a child to a pseudo-father figure for his little brothers.
3) " In awhile they're snoring in the loft and my brothers are asleep around me. I can't stay in this house for if Laman Griffin comes at me again I'll take a knife to his neck. I don't know what to do or where to go. I leave the house and follow the streets from the Sarsfield Barracks to the Monument Café". This supports the theme seed of Family Relationships because it shows his relationship with Laman deteriorating, so much so that he doesn't believe that he has the self-control to not kill him.

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Family Relationships
1) “It's bad enough that dad loses jobs in the third week but now he drinks all the dole money once a month. Mam gets desperate in the morning she has the bitter face and won't talk to him” (171). The connection between Angela and Malachy is clearly disconnected. She is angered that he continually spends all of the money on alcohol while leaving his family helpless. She is sick and tired of this ongoing cycle and has chosen to ignore him.
2) “When Dad’s jobs goes into the third week he does not bring home the wages. On Friday night we wait for him and Mam gives us bread and tea” (24-25). The relationship shown in this quote displays how Malachy almost has a lack of sympathy towards his family. He knows that his children and wife are unable to provide for themselves but continues to drink away the money.
3)  “We have to stay in the playground because the twins are sleeping and my mother says she’s worn out. Go out and play, she says, and give me some rest. Dad is out looking for a job again and sometimes he comes home with the smell of whisky singing all the songs about suffering Ireland. Mam gets angry and says Ireland can kiss her arse” (22). The quote shows how Frank has the job of watching after his brother when Angela is not feeling well. All the while, Malachy is off doing who knows what and then eventually making an obnoxious entrance when he comes home.

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1) "Dad, will you tell me the story about Coo Coo? Cuchulain. Say it after me, Coo-hoo-lin. I'll tell you the story when you say his name right. Coo-hoo-lin" (21). This shows family relationships because back when Frank was first born, Malachy actually spent time and took care of his children and told them stories which they admire.
2)  "You drank the money, Dad.

You drank the money, Dad.

You drank the money, Dad....Och boys now boys. Respect your father"(270). This shows family relationships because Frank and Malachy realize he hasn't been supporting the family like he should and shows the relationship between them and their father deteriorating. Malachy is noticing this but can't change their mindset so he just tells them to respect him.
3) "Michael says,  Are you coming home, Frankie? No....But Malachy is gone to the army and you're here and I have no big brother. All the boys have big brothers and I only have Alphie"(297). This shows family relationships because Michael is longing for a big brother figure because of the lack of a father figure in his life. He just wants someone he can rely on so he can feel loved and protected.

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"They finish their pints and wipe the wet brown stains off the coffin with their sleeves" pg. 87. This quote demonstrates how Malachy does love his family but is often hurting them with thoughtless actions. He is careless enough to put a pint on his dead child's coffin which symbolizes his care for his family when he is drunk.
2. "I know when dad does the bad thing I know when he drinks the dole money and mam is desperate and has to beg at the St. Vincent de Paul Society and ask for credit at Kathleen O'Connell. pg. 208" This quote shows how Malachy's actions have an effect on his family, and how reckless and uncaring he is when he drinks all the dole money and spends it all on pints. This shows how his family struggles and how he strained the relationship between him and the family.
"All right boys go home and tell your mother I'll be home in a few minutes" This is where Malachy drank the dole money of the baby, this shows his lack of control effecting his entire family. Although he knows it is wrong to drink the dole money, and he understands it is for the baby he is unable to stop himself. he even had his boys with him and still used all the money he had for the baby on himself showing his selfishness towards his family.

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1. “My brothers are dead and my sister is dead and I wonder if they died for Ireland or the Faith. Dad says they were too young to die for anything. Mam says it was disease and starvation and him never having a job. Dad says, Och, Angela, puts on his cap and goes for a long walk.“

This quotation shows the tension between Malachy and Angela as their family’s financial situation worsens and Frank becomes aware of his parents negative feelings towards each other.

2.  “I know when Dad does the bad thing. I know when he drinks the dole money and Mam is desperate and has to beg . . . but I don’t want to back away from him and run to Mam.”
This quote shows Frank’s struggle within his family to maintain a good relationship with both his father and his mother despite their problems. He wants to love his dad, but he is struggling because he knows his father is making poor houses that are hurting him and his mother.

3. “Where are my troops? Where are my four warriors?...Up, boys, up. A nickel for everyone who promises to die for Ireland.”
This quote shows Malachy’s relationship with his children. When he comes home drunk, he wants to teach them that they should sacrifice anything they have for their country. As the story progresses, Malachy continually does this. Over time, the boys start to become angered by it just like Angela, as they know it means that their father is drunk and has just spent all of their money.

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1. "When he wakes in the morning he says, Ollie, Ollie, and toddles around the room looking under the beds or he climbs up on the bed by the window and points to children on the street" (81). This quote shows how Eugene's bond with Oliver is still strong despite Oliver being dead. Eugene still waits and looks out the window for him showing how important Oliver is to him.
2. "His eyes glint with tears and that gives me such a pain in my heart I want to say, All right, I'll come with you. (298). After Michael comes to ask Frank to come back and he says no, Michael gets upset which makes Frank feel bad. The thought of making his little brother upset like that makes him feel awful and he just wants his little brother to be happy.
3. "Next day Michael runs in from the street, Dad's here, Dad's here, and running back out and there's dad sitting on the hall floor hugging Michael (248). Even though he never sends them any money, the kids still get excited to see him because no matter what he is still their father.

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1.  People everywhere brag and whimper about the woes of their early years, but nothing can compare with the Irish version: the poverty; the shiftless loquacious alcoholic father; the pious defeated mother moaning by the fire." (Chapter 1) - This is an example of the family dynamic and how the different members of the family generally are. Malachy is the ignorant and useless drunkard, and Angela is the defeated but protective mother. Frank is observing this dynamic as it happens and not really contributing to the family yet at this point. However, despite the description of the grim circumstance, we know that they all, to some degree love or have loved on another.

2. "Grandma whispers to Aunt Aggie, Who'll put the child in the coffin? and Aunt Aggie whispers, I won't. That's the job for the mother.
Uncle Pat hears them. I'll put the child in the coffin, he says. He limps to the bed and places his arms around Mam's shoulders. She looks up at him and her face is drenched. He says, I'll put the child in the coffin, Angela." (Chapter 2) - This ties into the them of family relationships because it indicates the troubles and grief caused by the death of a young family member. There is also a sense of fear at the obligation of who will actually place the child in the casket. Lastly, various family members are dealing with the death in different ways but are coming together around the duty of placing the child in the casket.

3. "The next Saturday there's no telegram nor the Saturday after nor any Saturday forever. Mam begs again at the St. Vincent de Paul Society and smiles at the Dispensary when Mr. Coffey and Mr. Kane have their bit of a joke about Dad having a tart in Piccadilly. Michael wants to know what a tart is and she tells him it's something you have with tea." (Chapter 10) - Here we have two issues to tackle concerning family relationships. Malachy's strained relationship with his family from England is under attack from rumors of him and prostitutes. On the other hand, Angela is protecting her children from these rumors by lying about their meanings.

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1. (p.248) “Next day Michael runs in from the street, Dad’s here, Dad’s here, and runs back out and there’s Dad sitting on the hall floor hugging Michael, crying, Your poor mother, your poor mother, and there’s a smell of drink on him.” This is an example of Family Relations because Frank’s dad shows up when their mother is in the hospital. His dad comes home because he is worried about her and the family, but still has to get drunk to cope, and displays that his efforts to be a good father in this situation are only for show.

2. (p. 277) “Grandma says, Well I don’t have room for ye but your cousin, Gerard Griffin, is living out the Rosbrien Road in that little house of his mother’s and he’d surely be able to take ye in till better times come.” This quote is during the eviction of Frank and his family from their apartment. This is an example of Family Relations because before their Grandmother would have denied them any real help at all because Malachy was still with the family. Now that the family member from the north is gone, the Grandmother is willing to help them and make sure they have a place to go instead of being homeless and using government services.

3. (p. 310) “She gets on the bus to go back up O’Connell Street too fat and lazy to walk. Fat and lazy, no son of her own, and still she buys me clothes for my new job.” This quote is from after Frank is laughed at for wanting to interview to work at the post office and is told to come back on Monday. This is an example of Family Relations because Aunt Aggie takes Frank shopping and buys him new clothes so he has a better appearance for the job interview. Aunt Aggie sees that Frank is trying harder than his father ever did to take care of the family, and wants to help him, but not make a big deal out of it. This shows that she cares for Frank and the well-being of his family.

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“Two days later Dad returns from his cigarette hunt. It’s the middle of the night but her get Malachy and me out of the bed. He has the smell of the drink on him. He has us stand at attention in the kitchen. We are soldiers. He tells us we must promise to die for Ireland.” (39)

This shows family relationships because Malachy will drag his two kids out of bed in the middle of the night just so he can tell them to die for Ireland. He wants them to do what he never got to do. This also shows that Frank and Malachy do have someone of respect for their father that they would not be angry at him for waking them up in the middle of the night. They seem to have a good relationship with their dad even when he is drunk. They may be too little to still understand.

“First Communion day is the happiest day of your life because of The Collection and James Cagney at the Lyric Cinema. The night before I was so excited I couldn’t sleep until dawn. I’d still be sleeping if my grandma hadn’t come banging at the door. Get up! Get up! Get that child outa the bed, Happiest day of his life an him snoring above in the bed. I ran to the kitchen. Take off that shirt, she said. I took off the shirt and she pushed me into a tin tub of icy cold water. My mother scrubbed me, my grandmother scrubbed me. I was raw, I was red. (127)

This shows family relationships because of the fact that Frank knew it was a great day and so did his grandma and his mom. They all were ready for Frank to receive his first communion. He was excited and the whole family was excited for him. This shows the big influence that the Catholic Church had on people in Ireland in the 1900s. Everyone made a very big deal out of this day since it was so important.

“Mam asks him if he brought home any money. He tells her times are hard, jobs are scarce, and she says, It Is coddin’ me you are? There’s a war on and there’s nothing but jobs in England. You drank the money didn’t you? You drank the money, Dad? (270)

This shows family relationships because Malachy drank all the money and now Angela and Frank are very upset. They needed the money so that they could feed the new baby and for them to survive. They are extremely angry at him. This shows that the family relationship is not good and that they are just barely surviving. Frank is realizing how horrible of a father he has and it makes him angry that he has to go hungry again.

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Example 1 Textual Evidence: Page 210 “I think my father is like Holy Trinity with three people in him, the one in the morning with the paper, the one at night with the stories and prayers, and then the one where he does the bad thing”. This demonstrates family relationship between Frank and his father. He shares that his father has conflicting sides which puts a strain on their relationship because it is hard to make a solid opinion of him due to his different sides causing mixed
feelings for Frank.

Example 2 Textual Evidence: Page 216 “...of the wide turns her back to you there’s no shortage of women in England”. This demonstrates family relationships because it shows that Malachy is willing to be unfaithful to his wife. I would argue that if he is in a lovingly and committed relationship he would not say such a rude and outlandish comment. It just shows that they don’t have the best relationship.

Example 3 Textual Evidence: Page 132 “Grandma won’t talk to Mam anymore because of what I did I’m her backyard. Mam doesn’t talk to her sister, Aunt Aggie, or her brother Uncle Tom”. This demonstrates family relationships because it shows that Angela is very distant to many of her family members and they keep to themselves. Frank argues that it is common for people to not talk to there families and be distant. I think this is one reason Angela has trouble relying on her family alot  (like her mom and Aunt Aggie who are rude to the children) because they are not close and do not have a close bond as seen in the textual evidence above.

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1) page 239 “Micheal can ring the front doorbells to keep the maids busy and Malachy and I can throw coal and turf over...” This quote shows how the boys have created a relationship out of stealing to survive. They spend more time together and grow closer.
2) page 242 “Can’t you push that pram properly?” This is just one example of the rude things the boys grandma and aunt will say to them. Their entire time with extended family members is almost as bad as at home. they are treated very poorly because of their northern blood and poor status.
3) page 246 “there are good times with uncle pa... he makes tea and we sit by the range drinking it, eating our ham sandwiches” The boys are able to find a father figure in Uncle Pa. He always comes home from work with his wages, treats them well and entertains them without asking anything in return.

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1. "I think my father is like the Holy Trinity with three people in him, the one in the morning with the paper, the one at night with the stories and the prayers, and then the one who does the bad thing and comes home with the smell of whiskey and wants us to die for Ireland" (210). This demonstrates Frank's relationship with his father, showing that he understands the different sides to home and set aside the drinking, he still has good moments with him.
2. "I want to get up and tell her I'll be a man soon and I'll get a job in a place with a big gate and I'll come home every Friday night with the money..." (28). This illustrates that Frank pities his mother and wants to be able to take care of her the way his father can't.
3. "I tell him he doesn't have to worry about a bit of bread. We'll go to the Coliseum Cafe and have fish and chips, all he wants, lemonade galore, and then we'll go see Yankee Doodle Dandy with James Cagney and eat two big bars of chocolate" (314). After watching his siblings starve for most of his life, Frank spends the money he earns at his new job to make Micheal happy, which shows his generosity and love towards his siblings.

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1. "And I can't stop crying now because this was my one chance to be a man and bring home the money the telegram boy never brought from my father" (McCourt 265). This illustrates the theme seed of family relationships because it exemplifies that Malachy Sr. is not providing for the family in any way and as a result Frank had to step up to make money - replacing the role of his father,  but was no longer able to due to his eyes. This illustrates that he began to take a larger leadership role within his family.
2. "He tells Mam he'll write and she says, Oh, yes, the way you always did" (McCourt 271). This illustrates family relationships because it exemplifies that Malachy Sr. is very absent from their lives, not contacting them or sending any money back since he went to London to work.
3. "He's only a boy, tormented with his eyes, and when Laman says, He's a little shit and I want him out of the house, she cries and begs till there's whispering and grunting and moaning and nothing" (McCourt 295). This illustrates family relationships because it shows that Angela has moved on from Malachy Sr. and is now sleeping with a new man, and that she is prioritizing herself over her child's safety.

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1. "I want ye to go back down to that pub and read him out of it. I want ye to stand in the middle of the pub and tell every dam your father is drinking the money for the baby." (183) This supports the Family Relationships theme seed because it shows that Angela is beginning to no longer accept Malachy's behavior.
2. "I think my father is like the Holy Trinity with three people in him, the one in the morning with the paper, and then the one who does the bad thing and comes home with the smell of whiskey and wants us to die for Ireland." (210) This supports the Family Relationships theme seed because it shows as Frank grows older he recognizes Malachy's different behaviors and knows how to react when he comes home drunk
3. "You drank the money, Dad. You drank the money, Dad. You drank the money, Dad." (270) The supports the Family Relationships theme seed because it shows that the children now understand that Malachy is spending all of their money on alcohol and he is not supporting them like he should be.

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1. One example of family relationship Malachy and Angela's relationship. Malachy is irresponsible and Angela is angry and upset. On page 183 when Malachy goes out to the pub to spend the baby's money Angela says "He went to the pub didn't he?"
"he did" then Angela "I want ye to go back down to that pub and read him out of it."
2. Another example is when Angela is sick and Malachy is away Frank steps up and becomes the man of the house. On page 236 Frank runs around town to bring his poor mother lemonade while trying to keep his younger siblings in tact.
3. A third example of family relations is when Angela stands up for herself as the women against the big and power Malachy when she says on page 216 "Alphie is enough. I'm worn out. That's the end of it. No more children." This shows that the relationship between Malachy and Angela may be changing.

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1) On page 298, Frank states this: "I'll buy proper clothes for the whole family so our arses won't be hanging be hanging out..." (McCourt 298). This quote supports the theme seed because it demonstrates Frank's undying love and care for his family, which reinforces the bonds between him and his family.
2) On page 191, it is reported that Frank is ill, as stated by Frank in this quote, "...I have typhoid fever. Mam cries, Oh, God, oh, God, am I to lose the whole family? She... holds me in her lap and moans all the way to Fever Hospital..." (McCourt 191). Frank's mother's reaction to his sickness reveals her deep care for Frank, unlike in previous interactions where she appears to be annoyed at Frank for complaining about dancing classes or being forced to help beg for supplies. Eve though she may find him annoying at times, Angela cares for Frank's well-being.
3) On page 218, Franks father states that, "... he'll go to England after Christmas because America is at war now... He'd never go if the Americans hadn't gone in." (McCourt 218). Frank's father basically said that he would rather choose his hatred for England over supporting his family. To Malachy, his beliefs are more important than his family's economic state, and this represents his strained relationship with his family.

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1. Page 21 "That's my story. Dad can't tell that story to Malachy or any other children down the hall. He finishes the story and lets me sip his tea. It's bitter, but I'm happy there on his lap."(McCourt, 21) This quote shows little Frankie's contentment with his father when he was young, wanting that instinctual paternal bond with him and only remembering the least tender of moments, for they do have at least a little comfort to them.
2. "Pat bends over, picks up Eugene and holds him to his chest. He kisses Eugene's forehead and then everyone in the room kisses Eugene. He places Eugene in the coffin and steps back. We are all gathered around looking at Eugene for the last time." (McCourt, 88) This quote, while somber in tone, shows the extreme love and care for the children that Angela, Pat, and the whole family (save for Malacky) share. Eugene may be gone, but his memory never will be.
3. "Micheal says, Are you coming home, Frankie? No. Ah, do, Frankie. Come on. I live here now. I'm never going back. But Malacky is gone to the army and you're here and I have no big brother. All the boys have big brothers and I only have Alphie. He's not even four and can't talk right." (McCourt, 297) Micheal wants his older brother, as he has never had a stable father figure since Malachy left before Micheal was old enough to remember him. Frank is his pillar, and keeps him stable, since they all live in a terrible situation.

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1. "Dad lights the fire, makes the tea, cuts the bread, makes sure we wash our faces and tells us to go out and play. He lets us stay in bed if we like but you never want to stay in bed when there's no school" (McCourt 179). This shows family relationships because Frank's father is taking care of the family while the mother is unable to. It shows the relationship between Frank's father and his sons.
2. "Mam tells Dad, These children need some nourishment and you have money left from the dole this morning. If you're thinking of going to the pubs tonight you can forget it" (McCourt 90). This supports the theme seed of family relationships because it shows the relationships between Angela and Malachy. Angela stood up to him to support her children on the day they buried their brother. She knew it was a hard day and they shouldn't be hungry.
3. "Michael runs to me. Mammy was crying. Mammy was crying for you, Frankie" (McCourt 167). This shows family relationships because it shows the relationship between Frank and his mother. She was so worried about him when he didn't come home that it brought her to tears.

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1. “And I can’t stop crying now because this was my one chance to be a man and bring home the money the telegram boy never brought from my father (265).” In this quote, Frank is portrayed as wanting to be the breadwinner in the family. He wants to take his dad’s place as the man of the house because his father deserted the family. Frank thinks it is his job to support the family because he sees his mother is struggling and wants to help her.

2. “After what happened she’ll surely want to get into her own bed and I’m ready to go to the small one against the wall. Instead, there’s the sound of her climbing the chair, the table, the chair, crying up into the loft and telling Laman Griffin, He’s only a boy, tormented with his eyes, and when Laman says, He’s a little shit and I want him out of the house, she cries and begs till there’s whispering and grunting and moaning and nothing (295).” In this quote, Frank loses respect for his mother and later moves out of her house. He wanted to help the family but he saw that his mother was not supporting him. Angela tries to help Frank but is not able to get out of her tough situation. Frank sees this as weakness and decides he should only support himself.

3. “Fat and lazy, no son of her own, and still she buys me the clothes for my new job (310).” Prior to this point, Frank and Auntie Aggie have had a poor relationship. They hated each other. Now, when Frank is on his own, Aggie steps up to help him. She nags him with her rude remarks, but still tries to prepare him for his new job. Their strained relationship is put aside in this vignette. This quote shows that even though they do not get along, family still is there for one another.

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1. "Irish army is looking for boys who are musical and would like to train in the Army School of Music. They accept my brother, Malachy, and he goes off to Dublin to be a soldier and play the trumpet. Now I have only two brothers at home and Mam says her family is disappearing before her very eyes." This shows family relationships, because it shows how Angela cares for her children and is sad to see them go to quickly. Even though she doesn't always show it, she loves her children and knows she will miss Malachy.
2. "I'm hungry but I'm afraid to go home till I find my father.
He's not in Naughton's fish and chip shop but there's a drunken man asleep at a table in the corner and his fish and chips are on the floor in their Limerick Leader wrapping and if I don't get them the cat will so I shove them under my jersey and I'm out the door." This shows family relationships, because Frank is afraid to go home. He's hungry, but doesn't want to see his father, which leads him to steal the fish and chips.
3. "I know when Dad does the bad thing. I know when he drinks the dole money and Mam is desperate and has to beg at the St. Vincent de Paul Society and ask for credit at Kathleen O'Connell's shop but I don't want to back away from him and run to Mam. How can I do that when I'm up with him early every morning with the whole world asleep?" This shows family relationships, because Frank is aware of his father's drunkenness and ignorance at this point. He knows how discombobulated his family is, and it's beginning to affect him. With this knowledge, he's thinking of his father differently.

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1. “Eugene is sleeping under a cot on the bed. Dad sits by the fireplace with Oliver on his lap. I wonder why dad is telling Oliver a Cuchulain story.” (pg.53)

This shows the relationship between Frank and Malachy sr plus the bond that the Cuchulain stories created between the two. It shows us that while Malachy is a drunk and spends the wages, he still acts as a father to the boys occasionally.

2.“Grandma won’t talk to mom anymore because of what I did with God in her backyard. Mam doesn’t talk to her sister, Aunt Aggie, or her brother, Uncle Tom.” (132)

This shows how poor of a family relationship that Angela has with her family. It shows us how little of an influence they are on her life. She doesn’t speak to any of them and they won’t speak to her, even in a time of need.

3. “On Thursday Mam follows Dad to the Labour Exchange. She marches in behind him and when the man pushes the money towards Dad she takes it.” (78)

This shows how Angela serves as the backbone of their family. She has to watch over Malachy because she knows he won’t be a good father and deliver the wages.

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1. "Mam says, Alphie is enough. I'm worn out. That's the end of it. No more children. Dad says, The good Catholic woman must perform her wifely duties and submit to her husband or face eternal damnation." (216)
Angela is claiming that she refuses to have sexual interaction with Malachy from here on out because she does not want to risk having any more children. Malachy then remarks that she does not have a choice, because, as a Catholic wife, she is required to allow him to do what he wants to her sexually.
2. "I want ye to go back down to that pub and read him out of it. I want ye to stand in the middle of the pub and tell every man that your father is drinking the money for the baby. Ye are to tell the world there isn't a scrap of food in this house, not a lump of coal of coal to start the fire, not a drop of milk for the baby's bottle." (183-184)
The relationship between Malachy and the rest of his family has become so toxic that Angela is flat out demanding that her sons humiliate their father in front of everyone at the pub because of the harm he is causing his family.
3. "He says he'll never go over there and help England win a war. Mam says, No, you'll stay here where there's no work and hardly a lump of coal to boil water for the tea. No, you'll stay here and drink the dole when the humor is on you. You'll watch your sons going around with broken shoes and their arses hanging out of their trousers. Every house in the lane has electricity and we're lucky if we have a candle. God above, if I had the fare I'd be off to England myself for I'm sure they need women in the factories."
Angela is mocking Malachy because, once again, he is making his own personal beliefs more of a priority than his family. Then she goes on to say that she would wear the pants in the family if she could.

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1. "Well, I don't have room for ye but your cousin, Gerard Griffin, is living out the Rosbrien Road in that little house of his mother's and he'd surely be able to take ye in till better times come." (277) This shows how in desperate times, Angela's mother is willing to help her find a place to stay till she gets money to find another place to live. It shows her mother does care for her and the kids.

2. "But Malachy is gone to the army and you're here and I have no big brother. All the boys have big brothers and I only have Alphie. He's not even four and can't talk right." (297) This shows family relationships because Michael wants Frank to come back. Frank is the father figure that replaces his real dad. This shows that Frank has a huge impact on his younger brothers because he's always doing everything he can for his brothers.

3. "Dad says a factory is no place for a woman. Mam says, Sitting on your arse by the fire is no place for a man." (218) This shows family relationships because there is obvious conflict of who should be working to support the family. Angela believes that Malachy should be doing more for their family and Malachy doesn't want Angela to work because women are supposed to take care of the kids.

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“The three of us burst out laughing and Alphie grins with his dirty face and says Goo goo again till we’re helpless and Aunt Aggie roars out of the room puling her dress down and giving me a thump on the head that sends me against the wall baby and all” (Page 242).  The boys entertain themselves and have a close bond and Frank tries to provide for him. When they had to stay with their aunt, which showed how people in their family view them. Their family members tend to not be very accepting of the family and not always open to helping them.

“I don’t want to back away from him and run to Mam. How can I do that when I’m up with him early every morning with the whole world asleep? He lights the fire and makes the tea and sings to himself or reads the paper to me in a whisper that won’t wake up the rest of the family. Mikey Malloy stole Cuchulain, the Angel on the Seventh Step is gone someplace else, but my father in the morning is still mine” (Page 208). Frank understands what his father does is bad, and knows that he is making his family suffer. Regardless of that, he still wants to have a relationship with his father. No matter what his father does, he still wants to have a relationship with him and think about the good times that they had together. Frank and his father have memories and routines that they share together, that Frank still wants to experience.

“He’s just drunk over there in England” (Page 269). Franks father is constantly letting his family down by not keeping jobs and drinking all of their money. His actions leave Frank’s mother to try and provide for the family, which sometimes results in her having to beg or go to a place that helps the poor. His relationship with his father is just getting worse now that he is in England and does not see them every day, and is not sending back money to help them survive.

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1.“I take the twins home now Mam will yell at me for giving her no rest or for waking Margaret. We are to stay in the playground till she sticks her head out the window and calls for us. I make funny faces for the twins to stop their crying.“(31)

This represents the theme seed of “Family Relationships” because it shows how Frank has to care for his twins. Angela needs rest and Malachy is typically out “working” or drinking. Since Frank is the oldest, he must be there to support his siblings and care for them. Sometimes he goes as far as stealing food for them because they are hungry. Frank risks a lot to support his family because he truly cares about them.

2.“I look out at Mam at the kitchen table, smoking a cigarette, drinking tea, and crying. I want to get up and tell her I'll be a man soon and I'll get a job in the place with the big gate and I'll come home every Friday night with money for eggs and toast and jam and she can sing again Anyone can see why I wanted your kiss.”(28)

This quote represents the theme seed of a “Family Relationships” because it shows how Frank truly sympathizes with his mother and wants to help the family. He understands that she is going through a lot and wants to take all that stress off of her and get a job, but he’s just not old enough. He wants to fill the role of his father and work. He understands that since Malachy neglects the family, all the pressure is put on Angela and sometimes things are out of her control, there is only so much she can do. Frank wants to be able to provide for the family because Malachy does not.

3.“I think my father is like the Holy Trinity with three people in him, the one in the morning with the paper, the one at night with the stories and the prayers, and then the one who does the bad thing and comes home with the smell of whiskey and wants us to die for Ireland”(210)

This quote represents the theme seed of “Family Relationships” because it shows how Frank sees his father, Malachy. he calls him the Holy Trinity because he views his father having three different sides, one with stories and prayers, one in the morning, and one who drinks at night. Frank has a love-hate relationship with his father. Frank is able to see the good in his father, however he still sees the bad which often leaves him feeling conflicted.

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One of the family relationship theme seed is hope. In the beginning, Frank and Angela were hopeful after the move to America where the working conditions were better. They thought that Malachy was going to get a job and feed the family when he actually went to the bar after work and spent all of his money on alcohol. Then when Angela was pregnant with Margret, things started to change and Malachy stopped drinking and there was hope that he would change. After Margret passed away, Malachy went back to his old self and drinking. Another theme seed is poverty because even when they are very poor, they still come together as a family even when Malachy is not there. Frank and his brothers are close and try to keep eachother healthy like for example when Frank stole the bananas for him and his brothers to eat because they were all so hungry. Another theme seed is sticking together because they always make sure every one is doing okay and sticking together. Frank tries to help Angela out by getting money to read to a man that cannot read and by handing out papers. This is showing that they will come together to make money and be there for one another even when the time gets hard.