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The article tells us why the Moon's gravitational force is more effective on the Earth's waters than the Sun's force.

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national oceanic and atmospheric administration

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NOAA National Ocean Service Education: Tides and Water Levels

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Gravity is one major force that creates tides. In 1687, Sir Isaac Newton explained that ocean tides result from the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon on the oceans of the earth (Sumich, J.L., 1996).

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The article tells us more about the history of eclipses and how they happen.

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Solar eclipses occur when the Moon passes directly between the Earth and the Sun, and therefore always occur at new Moon. The Moon is about 400 times smaller than the Sun, but the Sun is 400 times farther away, so both the Moon and Sun appear to be the same size in the sky.

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When the Sun, Moon, and Earth align (in that order), the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth.

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When the Sun, Earth, and Moon align (in that order), the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.

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Tides occur because of the Moon's (and some of the Sun's) gravity. The gravitational force "pulls" bodies of water so that high and low tides each happen twice everyday. Spring tides happen during new and full moons and make the difference in high and low tides more drastic. Neap tides happen during 1st quarter and 3rd quarter moons and make the difference in high and low tides less drastic.

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Half of the Moon is always lit by the Sun. Depending on where the moon is, you see more or less of the lit portion of the Moon.

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Where the penumbra hits, that part of Earth experiences a partial solar eclipse. The part of the Earth that is shadowed by the umbra experiences a total solar eclipse.

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When the Moon is partially in the umbra, a partial lunar eclipse occurs. When the Moon is in the umbra, a total lunar occurs.

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The Moon's position around Earth decides what phase of the moon we see.

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The article tells us what an age and lunation are.

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Phases of the Moon and Percent of the Moon Illuminated

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Information on the different phases of the Moon and the percert of the Moon illuminated in each phase.

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During spring tides, the Sun and Moon both pull on the Earth's water, strengthening the effect. During neap tides, the Sun and Moon almost cancel each other out, weakening the effect.

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http://media.bom.gov.au/social/blog/1603/explainer-king-tides/
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/review/dr-marc-earth/moon-phases.html
https://www.businessinsider.com/solar-eclipse-diagram-2017-8
https://in-the-sky.org/news.php?id=20240325_09_100