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Government cannot block protests from happening on the fear of violence, they have to wait for it to happen before it's stopped.

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False speech(Spoken and Written) that damages a person's good name, character or reputation

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Slander (spoken), Libel (written): not allowed to falsely defame a person's character

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Equal protection under the law

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Government cannot inflict cruel and unusual punishment.

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Right to a trial by jury in civil cases

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Urges resistance to lawful authority or advocates overthrowing the government.

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The right to a Speedy Trial by jury, representation by an attorney for an accused person

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Says that the government can intern (imprison) citizens during wartime emergencies

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The Right to Remain Silent/Double Jeopardy, right to due process

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Segregation resulting from economic or social conditions or personal choice.

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Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures

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The right to bear arms

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Freedom of religion (establishment & free exercise clauses), speech, press, assembly, and petition.

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Three tests are described for deciding whether the government is improperly involved with religion

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Government censorship of information before it is published or broadcast

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Congress may not make laws restricting/ prohibiting a person's religious practices-1st amendment

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A test that is applied to classifications not involving a suspect or protected class.

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(1963) Required states to provide public defenders for indigent defendants in felony cases.

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1896 ruling that separate but equal facilities for different races were not unconstitutional.

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United States slave who sued for liberty after living in a non-slave state

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(1973) Legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy

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Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

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Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

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A policy designed to give special compensation to a previously disadvantaged group.

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A test given to persons to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote

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Evidence illegally gathered by the police may not be used in a criminal trial

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Requires states to guarantee the same rights, privileges, and protection to all citizens

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The accused must be notified of their rights before being questioned by the police

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(1954) the Supreme Court rule that separate but equal was unconstitutional

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Mandatory prayer in schools is a violation of the establishment clause

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The Bill of Rights is nationalized - provisions apply to the states through the 14th Amendment

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An act that conveys a political message

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U.S. Supreme Court case challenging affirmative action

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Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies.

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A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination

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The prosecution of a defendant for a criminal offense for which he has already been tried

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speech accompanied by activities such as sit-ins, picketing, and demonstrations. Protection of this form of speech under the first amendment is conditional, and restrictions imposed by state or local authorities are acceptable if properly balanced by considerations of public order

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A fundamental, constitutional guarantee that all legal proceedings will be fair and that one will be given notice of theproceedings and an opportunity to be heard before the government acts to take away one's life, liberty, or property.

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This cause prohibits the federal government from making any law regarding the establishment of, or freedom to practice religion.

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The exclusionary rule is designed to exclude evidence obtained in violation of a criminal defendant's Fourth Amendment  rights.