# data[].attributes.headline
 is unnatural for the herd animals. It not only means young elephants cannot learn important socials skills but many begin showing "abnormal behaviour" that suggests depression such as swaying on the spot or pacing in circles.

# data[].attributes.subject
 is unnatural for the herd animals. It not only means young elephants cannot learn important socials skills but many begin showing "abnormal behaviour" that suggests depression such as swaying on the spot or pacing in circles.

# data[].attributes.body
In the wild, African Elephants live in large savanna areas. These are large dry areas with large expansive areas. The terrain is flat grass land with watering holes scattered throughout. Acacia trees occur in the savanna with provide shade and food.

# data[].attributes.body
Elephants choose to live in this habitats because it's a great source of food for the elephants. It's also big enough for the large herds of elephants to travel through and they need large spaces to live.

# data[].attributes.body
African Elephants eat roots, grasses, fruit, and bark, and they eat large quantities of food. An adult elephant can consume up to 300 pounds of food in a single day.

# data[].attributes.body
Habitat loss is one of the key threats facing elephants.

# data[].attributes.body
In total the African savanna is 5 million square miles and occurs in 37 countries.

# data[].attributes.body
Wild African Elephants drink up to 50 gallons of water per day. They can go up to 4 days without water. If the elephant is unable to find a water source they can dig a well with their tusks to find water sources.

# data[].attributes.body
In the wild a African Elephant can live up to 60-70 years.

# data[].attributes.body
Because of their size their are not many predators who could take down a fully grown Elephant.

# data[].attributes.body
However with Elephant calf's their are many predators who could take them down. African Lions, Nile Crocodiles, African Leopards and Spotted Hyenas are all big and strong enough to take down an Elephant calf. This will cause great stress towards the mother elephant as they have deep connections with the calf's and live with them for up to 4 years.

# data[].attributes.body
The main predator for African Elephants is humans. Humans poach Elephants for their tusks which contain ivory. This is sold on the black market then used to make jewelry and medicine.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Pacing
Irregular pacing behavior is most commonly observed. As they do not have the natural habitat to socialize with other elephants, lack of natural SPACE ARE THE FACTORS FOR THAT ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

2. Over-Grooming and Self Mutilation

3. Sham-Chewing

The Consequences of Captivity
All the behaviors above are caused by an absence of some natural necessity: environmental, nutritional, social, you name it.

# data[].attributes.body
This effects Elephants negatively as it decreases herd sizes, reducing breeding partners, makes the Elephants live in stress that they will be killed, which is something they don't worry about with other predators. It also makes the Elephants mourn has they are very sociable animals so when a companion is killed it makes them act abnormally.

# data[].attributes.body
When breeding, male and female Elephants rub their bodies together and will wrap their trunks together.

# data[].attributes.body
The male elephants will fan their ears more when they are ready to mate than at other times. This allows them to get their scent out there at a wider distance than before and to attract females that can become potential mates. The older males that are from 40 to 50 years of age are the most likely to breed with the females. The females are ready to breed when they are about 14 years of age.

# data[].attributes.body
African Elephants live in large family groups called herds. These herds can consist of 8-100 individuals depending on terrain and family size. The herd is led by the eldest female. She is called the Matriarch.

# data[].attributes.body
Males leave the family unit between the ages of 12-15 and may lead solitary lives or live temporarily with other males.

# data[].attributes.body
Elephants in the wild can communicate over large distances. They do this by creating sonic rumble that can travel over the ground faster than sound through air.

# data[].attributes.body
Elephants in the wild will spray themselves with mud or sand.They will do this to help protect their skin from the suns rays. They need to do this as elephants have a lack of body hair which means that their skin is less protected from the suns rays than other African animals. In addition because of their size and large social groups, they find it difficult to find shade under trees.

# data[].attributes.body
One abnormal behaviour an elephant may show in the wild is swaying from side to side and standing in one spot. This is due to high stress levels and it's the elephants way of dealing with it. This may occur if the elephant has lost another elephant that it had a close bond with e.g. mother elephant losing it's calf.

# data[].attributes.body
Another abnormal behavior for a elephant to show in the wild is that is roaming by itself. This will be when a individual has isolated itself from a larger social group and is roaming around by itself. This would be particularly abnormal if it was a female as female more so than males live in large social groups so it would be abnormal for it to be by itself.

# data[].attributes.body
Reasons why this may occur could by through the poaching of it's social group members for ivory leaving it by itself. If it is a young elephant it may have been running away from predators which led to it being lost from the group. Another reason is that is has been pushed out of the social group by another dominant elephant.