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Ulysses S. Grant was an Ohio born Union General during the Civil War and the 18th President of the Us who won the 1868 election. He was appointed by Abraham Lincoln after her removed George B. McClellan from position because of the union casualties during the Battle of Antietam. One of his major battles during the Civil War consisted of the Battle of Shiloh where he repelled an unexpected attack from in 1863 by Confederate soldiers under the command of Beauregard and Johnston. Grant was victorious but suffered heavy casualties to his army. During his battle of Vicksburg, he was able to gain control of the Mississippi River, which was important in supplying the Confederate army with supplies. After a few days of the hold of the Mississippi River. The Confederate America fell after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865 (Simon).

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Jim Crow Laws were laws that was integrated in American society near the end of the Reconstruction period in 1877. It was named after a minstrel show performed by Thomas Dartmouth Rice, who imitated black people as a white male. The law segregated colored people from whites, mainly in the south, and would not allow blacks to learn in the same schools or sit in seat reserved for the white on trains. The laws were a way for white society to preserve social relationship with the colored in Southern growing cities and towns. The laws were also a way to make a separate but equal society, which was termed after the famous decision of the U.S Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson case. African American Plessy refused to move to the colored cart of the train but the Court ruled against him (Urofsky).

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The Freedmen's Bureau was an agency of army directed by general Oliver O. Howard and was issued in March of 1865 by congress. More than 1 million free men were given medical assistance through the new creations of hospitals. It also distributed food to millions of former slaves and established schools. Teachers from the North were transferred to the South and included certain colleges such as the Clark Atlanta University and Fisk University that went form the North to the South. Not only did the Bureau help blacks but also helped poor whites after the Civil war. The Bureau was only allowed to be in action for a year and was not completely effective considering the scale of problems that the South had. The bureau was terminated by the Bureau in July of 1872 after hostile Southerners disliked the idea of giving the same rights the whites had to the blacks (Freedmen's).

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William Sherman was an Ohio born American Civil War general who is known for his March to the Sea for the Union. William Sherman moved east from Georgia to destroy towns and fight the southern Population. He fought one real battle called  Kennesaw Mountain battle in 1864, which was won by General Johnston who was attempting to retard Sherman’s advancements. Ultimately, Sherman continued to push through Georgia and the General Johnston was replaced by General John Hood; Hood was also unable to stop Sherman, Sherman captured Atlanta on September 2 1864, which unified the divided Republic Party at the time. After the capture of Atlanta, he migrated to capture the Savannah, which surrendered on December 22. His March to the Sea consisted of burning towns along the path to South Carolina so that he could destroy Southern will though the burning of their supplies (Tebeau).

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The Battle of Vicksburg was fought by Union General Ulysses S. Grant who had hoped to gain a stronghold on the Mississippi River. In May of 1863, Grant had moved men and supplies to south of Vicksburg where he attacked the city from the behind of the Confederate soldiers. The siege resulted in surrender on July 4, 1863 because confederates and residents were being starved since the river was the sources of resources. A few days after the surrender of Vicksburg, another Mississippi for, Fort Hudson in Louisiana, also surrendered. With complete control of the Mississippi, the Union soldiers had created a turning point of the American Civil War in favor of the Union (Vicksburg).

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Nathan Bedford Forrest was a former Confederate Army General after the Civil War who founded the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) in 1866. He became a millionaire before the American Civil War through the practice of selling and using slaves for the cotton industry. However, Forrest had lost majority of his wealth after the Civil War ended.The organization was created in response to the free African Americans who were beginning to gain rights to politics, such as voting. The KKK consists of rituals of bond made to intimidate non-whites and were known for their midnight rides where they would ride horses while being covered in white sheets and intimidate and terrorize black communities. The organization also uses Christian morals and rituals, such as burning a cross, to implement white superiority  Forrest ordered the disbandment of the KKK in 1869, but the organization remained active (Glaze).

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