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TRANSPORTATION
- Car sharing
- Consider purchasing a hybrid or electric vehicle

FOOD
- Choose organic and local foods
- Buy foodstuffs in bulk

HOME
- Unplug your electronic devices when they are not in use
- Use less air conditioning in the summer

WATER USE
- Use water efficiently
- Taking shorter showers

WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Fertilise the garden
- Grow vegetables and herbs

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1. Transportation

Vehicles emit harmful gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. In order to reduce harmful gas emissions we need to reduce the use of vehicles on the road.
For the example, we can ride the colleague's car to go to the same work place. We also can use public transportation such as buses to reach our destination.

2. Food

• Eat low on the food chain.
• Choose organic and local
• Buy foodstuffs in bulk
• Reduce your food waste
• Compost

3. Use of Energy In The Home

Reduce energy use in your everyday life: Buy appliances that meet energy efficiency standards, use your thermostat to regulate temperatures and try to use your air conditioning infrequently, turn off all lights and appliances when you’re not using them, and replace old lights with LED light bulbs that use less energy.

4. Water Use

The Carbon footprint of tap water comes from pumping it up from the ground or surface water, treating it for drinking and pumping it into the water pipes to reach the consumer. We need to reduce our water consumption to reduce the effect of carbon footprint due the process to get consumer a clean water.
For example we must close the water tap when brushing our teeth or maybe using only a glass of water to rinse our teeth. We also can use a high efficiency washing machine models to save water during laundry.

5. Waste Management

Waste also can produce harmful gases especially food waste which is organic waste and they through organic process to decompose. We need to reduce our waste and manage them carefully.
For example we can recycle our waste by producing new product such as vases from plastic bottles or unused tire. We also can separate our waste into their types to ease the recycling process and the domestic waste can be send to the dump site.

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•Use of energy in the home

- Use renewable energy such as solar, wind

- Reduce your use of energy reliant products, especially heavy consumers such as televisions and computers.

•Transportation

-increasing the efficiency of vehicle technology

-using lower-carbon fuels

•Waste management

- Using recycled materials to make new products reduces the need for virgin materials. (Recycling)

- Purchasing products made from recycled materials, such as paper, plastics, and metal, instead of virgin materials.

•Food

-Stop wasting food.

-Ditch the plastic.

•water use

-reduce water consumption

- re -filter the water

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1) Transportation

-There are three routes to reducing GHGs from transportation: increasing the efficiency of vehicle technology, changing how we travel and transport goods, and using lower-carbon fuels. We need all three to help achieve our societal goals on climate.

2) Food

- carbon is present in all known forms of life, every food we eat contains carbon. Reduce, use less of unnecessary ingredients. Cook smaller portions to avoid excessive leftovers. Reuse, Repurpose food scraps instead of throwing them out. Use reusable containers to buy foods in bulk and recycle, compost leftover food scraps.

3) Use of energy in the home

-Unplug unused electronics, Skip the heat-dry setting for the dishwasher, use the microwave, crock pot or toaster oven and be efficient with refrigeration

4) Water use

-It takes lots of energy to pump, treat, and heat water, so saving water reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Saving water around the home is simple. Three percent of the nation's energy is used to pump and treat water, so conserving water conserves energy that reduces greenhouse gas pollution.

5) Waste management

- avoid single-use food and drink containers and utensils, use reusable grocery bags, and not just for groceries and use a reusable bottle.

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transport
- Drive less
- consider purchasing a hybrid or electric vehicle

food
- grow vegetable and herbs
- Eat low on the food chain

use of energy in the home
- solar water heating
- minimize electric usage

water use
- save water
- Wash your clothing in cold water.

waste management
- minimize food waste
- compost waste

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1. When buying a new car, choose a low or zero-carbon vehicle. Vehicles with low carbon emission ratings such as hybrid cars can help reduce carbon footprint.
2. Reduce your food waste by planning meals ahead of time, freezing the excess and reusing leftovers.
3. Turn off the lights when you leave a room. The electric energy used to light our homes, houses of worship, schools, and offices are generated from power plants.
4. Install water-efficient household appliances. By installing water-conserving appliances used for cleaning and sanitary purposes such as dishwashers and washing machines
5. When we buy less or reuse products, less energy is needed to extract, transport and process materials to manufacture products.

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1. Reduce your food waste by planning meals ahead of time, freezing the excess and reusing leftovers.
2. Buy less stuff! And buy used or recycled items whenever possible.
3. Do an energy audit of your home. This will show how you use or waste energy and help identify ways to be more energy efficient.
4. Lower your thermostat in winter and raise it in summer. Use less air conditioning in the summer; instead opt for fans, which require less electricity. And check out these other ways to beat the heat without air conditioning.
5. Drive less. Walk, take public transportation, carpool, rideshare or bike to your destination when possible. This not only reduces CO2 emissions, it also lessens traffic congestion and the idling of engines that accompanies it.

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1-Choose organic and local foods that are in season. Transporting food from far away, whether by truck, ship, rail or plane, uses fossil fuels for fuel and for cooling to keep foods in transit from spoiling.
2- Purchasing a hybrid or electric vehicle. Hybrid or electric vehicle can reduces the co2 emissions.
3-Switch lights off when you leave the room and unplug your electronic devices when they are not in use.
4-Turn your water heater down to 120˚F. This can save about 550 pounds of CO2 a year.
5-Bring your own reusable bag when you shop.

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Explain the steps that you can take to reduce or offset carbon emissions related to transport, food, use of energy in the home, water use, and waste management.

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The quantity of carbon contained in a pool, meaning a reservior or system which has the capasity to accumulate or release carbon

Example : forest biomass, wood products, soils and atmosphere.

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DEFINITION: Carbon trading is the process of buying and selling permits and credits that allow the permit holder to emit carbon dioxide. It is beset with problems and corruption and yet countries such as Brazil and China continue to pursue carbon trading as a way to tackle rising emissions.

EXAMPLE: The Chicago Climate Exchange is a regional emissions trading scheme that was launched in 2003 as a reaction to the lack of meaningful action from the US Federal Government on climate change.

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DEFINITION: Carbon neutrality means having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere in carbon sinks. Removing carbon oxide from the atmosphere and then storing it is known as carbon sequestration. In order to achieve net zero emissions, all worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will have to be counterbalanced by carbon sequestration.

EXAMPLE: For example, for a company to be carbon neutral, any emissions they create must be offset by emissions they reduce elsewhere. This practice provides a planet-friendly alternative to whatever is being used, whether that's airplanes, livestock, construction tools or cosmetics

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-Definition of carbon offset is a reduction or removal of emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases made in order to compensate for emissions made elsewhere. Offsets are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalent.

-Examples are Renewable energy projects, such as building wind farms tha replace coal-fired power plants and Energy-efficiency improvements, such as increasing insulation in buildings to reduce heat loss or using more-efficient vehicles for transportation.

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Definition: A carbon sink is any reservoir, natural or otherwise, that accumulates and stores some carbon-containing chemical compound for an indefinite period and thereby lowers the concentration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Globally, the two most important carbon sinks are vegetation and the ocean.

Example: Plants, the ocean, and soil are examples of carbon sinks that absorb more carbon from the atmosphere than they emit. Next is anything that releases more carbon into the atmosphere than it absorbs, such as fossil fuel combustion or volcanic eruptions.

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carbon sequestration is long-term storage of carbon in plants, soils, geologic formations and the ocean. Carbon sequestration occurs both naturally and as a result of anthropogenic activities and typically refers to the storage of carbon that has the immediate potential to become carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide is the most commonly produced greenhouse gas. Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide. It is one method of reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with the goal of reducing global climate change. The USGS is conducting assessments on two major types of carbon sequestration. There are three ways that this sequestration can be carried out, post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, and oxy-combustion.

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Group 5

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) before it is released into the atmosphere. The technology can capture up to 90% of CO2 released by burning fossil fuels in electricity generation and industrial processes such as cement production.

Example :
Coal gasification, ethanol production, fertilizer production, natural gas processing, refinery hydrogen production and, most recently, coal-fired power generation.

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DEFINITION:  The amount of greenhouse gases and specially carbon dioxide emitted by something (as a person’s activities or a product’s manufacture and transport) during a given period usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2 ).

EXAMPLE:  When you drive a car, the engine burns fuel which creates a certain amount of CO2 , depending on its fuel consumption and the driving distance. (CO2 is the chemical symbol for carbon dioxide).