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Global issues:set up a go fund me
Set up social media accounts

Create small badges and sell them.

Environmental:use less plastic
Use less energy
Leave nothing behind

Local issues:pick up trash at the beach
Put signs
Instead of plastic bags we make cloth bags.

Selling metal water bottles

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Marine pollution damages the environment and the health of organisms.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEvXUp44DDI

This speech is explaining why we should help the ocean animals and take care on the ocean.Therefor we shouldn’t use so much plastic.We liked this video because this person is taking action and trying their best to help the ocean animals.

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https://youtu.be/3UqkgRGPqsk

This video is explaining that we can all make a difference and try and help our ocean.

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https://youtu.be/43DuLcBFxoY
This video is also explaining how we can all make a difference and help our ocean

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Responsibility : How we can take responsibility of the ocean.
Change : To make a change in the ocean.
Causation : How did it happen  and how did it come to this stage.

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1:To be good communicators
2:To not plagiarize
3:To always be on track

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Never depend on someone to save the ocean unless you do

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Overfishing refers to a situation when fish are caught faster than their stocks can be replenished, leading to an overall depletion of fish populations that may result in their collapse. In 2018, the total global capture by fisheries reached the highest level ever recorded at 96.4 million tonnes - an increase of 5.4% from the average between 2014-2017. Not only does overfishing pose threats to the marine ecosystems, it also affects many people directly - especially those who greatly rely on fishing to make a living. Here are 19 overfishing facts you need to know.-
19 Overfishing Facts

1. Fish and other seafood products provide vital nutrients for more than three billion people - or nearly 40% of the world's population - and supply an income for 10-12% of the world's population.

2. According to the World Bank, almost 90% of global marine fish stocks are fully exploited or overfished.

3. Global fish and seafood production has quadrupled over the past 50 years, and the average person now eats almost twice as much seafood as half a century ago.

13. Among OECD countries, Italy gives the biggest subsidies per catch ton.
You might also like: 5 Sustainable Plant-Based Seafood Companies Leading the Way
15. The depletion of fish stocks greatly affects the fishing community; about 59.5 million people work in the primary sector of fisheries and aquaculture, according to a 2018 study.

16. Subsidies from the government (for fuel, fishing gear and building new vessels) often benefits large-scale fishing companies which indirectly encourages the use of fuel-intensive fishing and destructive fishing practices eg. deep-sea trawling.

18. The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries is a foundational agreement among the 194 FAO members nations on the regulated use of fisheries and aquaculture resources. In a 2018 questionnaire , most members, regional fishery bodies (RFBs) and selected NGOs expressed a strong opinion on improving management in marine and inland fisheries.
Research for this article was conducted by Earth.Org research contributor Chloe Lam EO Position: These facts illustrate the urgency with which we must treat the consequences brought by overfishing and support sustainable aquaculture. As consumers, we should opt for sustainably certified seafood (usually with the Marine Stewardship Council logo) and be more informed about the origin of our food to make sure it is caught in a sustainable way. Fish stocks are currently being fished at an unsustainable rate but if no-fish zones were implemented strategically around the world, we could have all the fish we'd ever need. You might also like: 20 Facts About Food Waste

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19 Overfishing Facts That Will Blow Your Mind | Earth.Org

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Global fish production has quadrupled over the past 50 years and 90% of global marine fish stocks are fully exploited. Here are 18 facts about overfishing.

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Watch this video with your family and friends to learn small steps that have a big impact on the well-being of our oceans.

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Monday April 25th
last period

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Over fishing is catching to much fish.This can effect the amount of fish in the ocean. Over fishing can be very dangerous to many ocean animals this relays on many people. When lots of fish are out of the ocean this can create  an imbalance that can effect this ocean animals in a bad way.

Ocean pollution

Every day thousands of pieces of trash end up in the ocean. This effects the marine life and can hurt lots of ocean animals.

How we can take responsibility of the ocean

1:Use less plastic

2:To start to clean up the beach

3:Set up a gofundme (For people to donate money and help the ocean animals)

Sea pollution

What causes sea pollution

Sea pollution is can be caused by the introduction of toxic materials and harmful pollution such as,oil,plastic,toxic waste,chemicals,and trash

How to make a change in the ocean

1. U can choose some sustainable sea food options

2.use less food waste and u can use better ways to store sea food and use better ways to cook.

3.share news that was real and not fake news

4.u can donate to sustainable and trust worthy go fund me

Change

We can change the ocean by using less plastic ,donating money

And have clean ups at the beach.

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Under_seas_grade_5

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Under_seas_grade_5

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Under_seas_grade_5

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Humans are responsible for the pollution of our oceans. (Responsibility)
Ocean pollution affects our lives and the lives of other creatures in number of ways.(causation)
New innovations help the environment and us. (Change)

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The very first mentor meeting with Mr.Gavin we were talking about how we’re going to clean up the beach like for example we were talking about “impact on the environment, pollution (plastic), the eco system and the cycle of fish, food and people ( poisoned from fish products).

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For mentor meeting number two we were talking about how we can spread awareness and how we take action.

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Less plastic more fish better life

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The Water Cycle | The Dr. Binocs Show | Learn Videos For Kids

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The Water Cycle | The Dr. Binocs Show | Learn Videos For Kids

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Will the ocean ever run out of fish? - Ayana Elizabeth Johnson and Jennifer Jacquet

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Will the ocean ever run out of fish? - Ayana Elizabeth Johnson and Jennifer Jacquet

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What is WATER POLLUTION? | What Causes Water Pollution? | The Dr Binocs Show | Peekaboo Kidz

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What is WATER POLLUTION? | What Causes Water Pollution? | The Dr Binocs Show | Peekaboo Kidz

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City Biodiversity Index in Abu Dhabi

City Biodiversity Index is a self-assessment tool for cities to benchmark and monitor the progress of their biodiversity conservation efforts. The Abu Dhabi City Biodiversity Index will help the emirate to:

benchmark its biodiversity conservation efforts

evaluate progress in reducing the rate of biodiversity loss in urban ecosystems

measure the ecological footprint of cities.

Cities will use this index as a benchmark for further improvements in improving the role of cities, such as Abu Dhabi, in playing a global role in promoting and conserving biodiversity.

Read related news coverage on WAM.

Preserving plants' species
Gheras
In order to preserve its biodiversity and protect and restore the natural habitats of its local plants, the UAE created a database of local plant species and made it available to the public. . An app titled Gherasuae is available on App Store and Google Play.

In 2014, the UAE's Ministry of Climate Change and Environment completed the first phase of its date palm tree identification through DNA profiling through a collaboration with the UAE University.

The projects aims to offer all kinds of support to preserve, identify and classify all genetic assets of date palm trees. It also aims to establish a reference database for all types of palm trees found in the UAE, as well as identify and document the extent of their diversity. The project will also help increase the contribution of palm tree planting and date production to the country's gross domestic product.

In addition, many initiatives were launched to preserve the UAE's plant species, including the establishment of 'gene' banks for plants' genetic resources. One initiative will be implemented by Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi (EAD), which is set to document and preserve plants through establishing Abu Dhabi Plant Genetics Resources Centre. The purpose of the centre is to collect and document native plants so that if any species became extinct in the wild it could be cultivated in captivity and reintroduced back to nature.

The other is being undertaken at the UAE University in collaboration with the Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.
Sourced from:
Sea dumping and pollution

Dumping waste in the sea raises environmental concerns which is life-threatening on the marine ecosystem in the region. The Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, in collaboration with its partners in the public and private sectors, continues to work towards greater protection of the marine and coastal environment and the preservation of its vital role through implementing the principles of the integrated management of the marine and coastal environment.

The UAE has enacted laws banning throwing waste and oil sludge into the water by the hundreds of tankers operating in the region.

The UAE Federal Law No. 24 of 1999 on the Protection and Development of the Environment prohibits the following:

Any intentional disposal of pollutants or wastes from ships, aircraft or any other means into the marine environment

Any deliberate dumping from ships or industrial installations or other means into the marine environment.

In addition, Federal Law No. 23 of 1999 and its Ministerial Decree No. 302 of 2001 (PDF, 450KB), were issued to address exploitation, conservation and development of living aquatic resources in the UAE.

Learn how the UAE conserves and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.

Useful links

Reducing the use of plastic

The Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi (EAD) announced a policy to reduce the amount of single use plastic material in Abu Dhabi and mitigate its harmful effects.

The policy aims to keep plastics out of the environment and eliminate the use of avoidable single-use plastic materials by 2021 through fostering a culture of recycling and re-use and encouraging more sustainable practices in the community.

Through the new policy, the EAD will make Abu Dhabi free of single-use plastic bags by 2021.
Related links Dubai to limit single-use bags
Dubai Government will impose a tariff of 25 fils on single-use bags used for carrying goods, starting from 1 July 2022. The policy will be evaluated over several stages until single-use carrier bags are completely banned within a span of two years, following the assessment of behavioural changes in the community.

The introduction of the policy to limit and ultimately ban single-use bags is aimed at strengthening Dubai's sustainability objectives in line with global best practices for reducing the consumption of single-use bags. The step supports the adoption of a green, low carbon economy in alignment with the Dubai Waste Management Strategy 2041 and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals announced by the United Nations for 2030.

Read news coverage on WAM.

Nature reserves

The UAE is committed to protecting and managing the rich biodiversity of the state and prevent the extinction of threatened species. The creation of natural reserves intend to improve the environment and protect the wildlife in the country, in addition to the promotion of eco-tourism.

By 20 20 there were 4 9 nature reserves in the UAE. Reserves that have been listed as wetlands of international importance within the framework of Ramsar Convention increased from 2 nature reserves in 2010 into ten in 2019.

Read also about Sheikh Zayed Protected Areas Network.

Environmental regulations and policies

Environmental protection is considered the main objective of the UAE's developmental policies aimed at increasing green areas, developing water resources, improving marine environment and protecting it from pollution, preserving fisheries and livestock, developing strategies to protect biodiversity.

The UAE has set a body of legislations to ensure sustainable environment for life. It has introduced many legislations to preserve the environment. These are some of the ways through which the UAE aims to achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources.

Check also laws and policies from the Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi
International and regional environmental conventions signed by the UAE
The United Arab Emirates joined the world in recognising environmental problems by signing and ratifying environmental agreements. Read more about the international and regional environmental conventions signed by the UAE.

Environmental awareness

Environmental awareness aims at developing the culture of the society regarding environment and promoting environmental behaviour of individuals, which helps to conserve and properly manage natural resources.

The bodies concerned with the environment protection organise educational campaigns at the emirate or federal level in coordination with the respective federal agency.

The type and slogans of these campaigns are based on the needs of the UAE's community in the areas of environmental awareness and education.

In recent years, environmental education has become one of the salient elements in curriculum development in the United Arab Emirates. Accordingly, efforts have been directed to include environmental content in school curricula and textbooks.

Therefore, Ministry of Education has been keen to incorporate the environmental dimension in school curricula of all stages, by addressing the environmental issues that affect student's environment, in order to open the way for discussion on sustainable solutions.

As part of the involvement of global stakeholders in the wheel of promoting environmental knowledge, the Eco-Schools Initiative was launched. It is a global initiative led by the Emirates Wildlife Society in collaboration with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), aiming to encourage environmental action in schools.
Useful inks:

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Environmental protection - The Official Portal of the UAE Government

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The UAE is protecting the environment by banning sea dumping, implementing policies and legislations, making efforts towards sustainability and more.

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Water is essential for all biological and industrial processes, and no living being (animal or plant) can survive without water. It is the most essential component in the structure of the cell. Water is either mediator, catalyst, or an input/output in the chemical reactions in bodies of living beings. Water Pollution thus directly affects all living beings including humans.

Sources of water contamination

Water is contaminated when its natural features are changed or spoiled due to being exposed to chemical, physical or bacteriological contaminants. In this case, it becomes unfit for human beings, animals, plants or aquatic life. Some common sources of water pollution are:

1. Rain Water Contamination due to air pollution

2. Sewage and Waste Water

3. Industrial waste and effluents

4. Oil Spills

5. Eutrophication due to run off of chemical fertilizers into ground water

http://en.envirocitiesmag.com/articles/water-is-life/water-pollution.php

Though a desert region, UAE has a long sea coast with sandy beaches. There negligible rain water contamination in UAE as air pollution is controlled with strict regulations and monitoring of vehicles and industries. Sewage and Waste Treatment plants duly take care of waste from homes and commercial areas. Industrial waste is also managed and treated according to regulations. Oil spills from ships etc and Eutrophication through farming is also monitored and controlled adequately. Furthermore, the government exercises a strict control on the quality of drinking water.

However there are still instances of water pollution that come to light and these are promptly dealt with.

UAE coasts are rife with mangroves. There have been various instances of these mangroves being polluted with litter. The same was the case with some public beeches. This is being controlled through imposing fines and penalties, as also through nation-wide clean up and awareness campaigns to educate the masses.

Late in 2016, scientists at UAE University had discovered that some metals were several times more common in water samples collected from coastal areas close to Mussaffah Industrial area, as compared with those taken from farther away. This indicated some industrial effluent discharge. To combat such cases, the Abu Dhabi Environment Agency (EAD) collects and tests seawater and sediment samples on a monthly basis from industrial areas as well as public beaches.

http://www.thenational.ae/uae/environment/mussaffah-industry-waste-polluting-uaes-waters-study-shows

Plastic junk is littering the UAE's waters and killing its marine life. Aluminium cans, plastic bottles and paper plates are also a familiar sight on sea beaches. "For a lot of people, they see that the sea looks clean on the surface, but the debris is actually underwater, where it has the most negative impact," as quoted by Kathleen Russell, committee coordinator for Emirates Diving Association (EDA). Ms. Russel has been working with the Abu Dhabi's environment agency (EAD) for the last decade to bring awareness about marine litter - a problem she described as being emirate-wide. Together, they have held several underwater clean-up campaigns. "Taking divers down and doing clean-ups reiterates why we need to be responsible for our actions and really identify where the debris is coming from," she said in a report in The National.
http://www.thenational.ae/uae/environment/waste-is-menace-to-uae-marine-life-say-experts
Plastic pollution is also a cause of frequent concern causing damage to fish from tiny pieces of plastic pollution clogging the oceans. Micro-plastic particles measuring no more than 5mm come from large plastic waste that has fragmented into smaller pieces or from manufactured plastics of microscopic size, such as micro-beads in products such as facial soap and toothpaste. The UAE government has employed various sewage and waste water treatment plants. However the micro-beads are small enough to pass through municipality filtration systems. These petrochemical beads are ingested by marine life causing, more so if they are micro-plastics. They can then end up on our plates when we eat seafood.

USA, UK and Canada have regulations with respect of use of micro-beads in consumer products, but UAE as yet has no legislation governing the use of micro-beads.
http://www.thenational.ae/uae/environment/uae-school-project-puts-spotlight-on-microbeads-in-everyday-products
http://www.thenational.ae/uae/science/oceanic-plastic-pollution-hurts-fishs-breeding-and-self-protection-ability

According to researchers, physical deformities found in sharks common to the waters off Abu Dhabi could be an indicator of increased pollution in the Arabian Gulf. According to a report in The National, Dr Alec Moore, Indian Ocean vice chairman of the IUCN Shark Specialist Group, said that while abnormalities naturally occur, they also raised questions. "Even without humans around, the Gulf is naturally a biologically stressful environment because of high temperature and salinity. It is possible that further increases - from climate change, the daily discharges from desalination plants, and the reduction of freshwater river flow - could be biologically harmful," he said.

http://www.thenational.ae/uae/environment/deformities-in-sharks-could-indicate-rise-in-arabian-gulf-pollution

The National had also reported that human activities and pollution are compromising efforts being made to protect and conserve Gulf coastal areas. A report has indicated that despite there being 173 marine protected areas in the Gulf, many are ineffective and offer little protection to the endangered species. Such findings have lead scientists to warn against the disappearance of coral reefs in our lifetime unless action is taken soon. The Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi (EAD) plans to increase the percentage of protected marine areas in the capital to 14 per cent by 2019, in attempts to combat depleting natural habitats and species.

http://www.thenational.ae/uae/environment/special-report-gulf-coasts-require-long-term-protection-efforts-scientists-say

UAE is promoting reduced use of plastic by promoting reusable bags and also by encouraging recycling of bottles and other plastic items. Besides controlling plastic waste, the municipality also acts to halt practice of washing harmful chemicals directing down drain "Most of the illegal discharge of oil that seeps into the sea through sewerage happens at auto workshops, when mechanics carry out oil changes, do not clean up the area properly afterwards, and then drain the residue into drains and manholes," said Khalid Sulaiteen, head of the Environmental Emergency Office (EEO) at Dubai Municipality, according to a report published in Gulf News. Such Illegal car workshops which pump oil into Dubai Creek are being targeted in a municipality crackdown. EEO is the task force behind cleaning up the city's Creek and beaches, which are at times contaminated with oil, chemicals, and solid waste, in addition to contaminants discharged from dhows (Small Arabian Boats) and their engines. The municipality has clear-cut guidelines on how to dump industrial waste and any violators are reprimanded.

http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/environment/illegal-car-workshops-draining-oil-into-dubai-creek-1.1276222

Efforts are also on to ensure that kitchen oil from homes and restaurants is not thrown in drains. It is being converted into biodiesel. My school was also involved in a campaign that collected used kitchen oil from students' homes. This oil was recycled by The Blue Company.

http://www.dpssharjah.com/DPSSharjah/UserSpace/UserName/deepak_b/DynamicFolder/Blue%20Used%20Cooking%20Oil%20Collection%20Campaign/Blue%20Ceremony%20camp%2013%20april%2017.html

All in all, government agencies, waste management agencies and many NGOs in UAE are working towards curbing water pollution and stringent regulations are enforced to control the menace. It is also up to every individual to work towards a cleaner and healthier environment.

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water pollution in uae - ambassador report - our actions - tunza eco generation

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Water Pollution in UAE - Ambassador report - Our Actions - Tunza Eco Generation

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Water is essential for all biological and industrial processes, and no living being (animal or plant) can survive without water. It is the most essential component in the structure of the cell. Water is either mediator, catalyst, or an input/output in the chemical reactions in bodies of living beings.

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You must be able to answer the following in-depth:

1.       What SDG goal did you choose?

2.       How does your SDG relate to your central idea?

3.       Why did you choose this topic?

4.       What evidence do you have to support your Central idea? (Include key statistics)

5.       What has been done to solve this issue? Support this cause?

6.       What are your lines of inquiry?

7.        What did you learn from your research?

8.       What action did you take?

9.       What impact did your action have?

10.   What do you think needs further development?

11.   How did you ensure that you stayed on track?

12.   What support did you need?

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We are now focusing on a achieving three main objectives over the next seven days.

1. Continue to research.
2. Complete the cycle.
3. Create three products for the store (All proceeds will go to charity).

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Each board to have the following information:

1, Title- Topic

2, SDG Goal(s)

3, Transdisciplinary Theme

4, Central Idea

5, Lines of Inquiry

6, Key Concepts

7, Action=impact

8, Evidence

9, Relevant information & pictures

10, Bibliography

Also include photos, quote, and artwork.

Presentation to include in-depth knowledge on the chosen topic. Presentation to focus on answering the Key Concept questions and research done on the Lines of Inquiry. Main focus to move to what ACTION was taken and why.

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Minimising environmental impact of fishing

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Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies - University of Tasmania, Australia

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Fisheries managers should embrace 'life cycle assessment' as a way of minimising environmental impacts by the fishing and seafood production chain, say Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS) scientists in a paper recently published in the Fish and Fisheries journal.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a widely used method to assess environmental impacts. A decade long application of LCA to the seafood industry has led to new insights about the environmental challenges of seafood production.

LCA is used to measure a wide range of impacts such as carbon emissions, and energy and water use from producing seafood which can then be compared with other food products such as beef to give consumers a better understanding of the impact of the food we choose to eat.

For example, a key factor in the fishing and seafood industry's environmental impact was fuel usage and large carbon footprints of some fishing fleets. LCA presents an opportunity for fishery managers to broaden the scope of seafood sustainability by including a measure of fuel use and carbon emissions from the fishery.

"By using LCA in our management systems we can track changes in fuel use by fishing boats or fleets over time and calculate increases or decreases in carbon emissions." IMAS PhD Student Anna Farmery said.

"Impacts of fishing in the ocean are obviously important but as seafood is the most highly traded food product we also need to think about sources of impacts outside the fishery, such as processing, refrigeration and airfreight."

The authors of the paper hope that industry, government, and researchers can continue to collaborate to ensure the broader measures of sustainability found in the Life Cycle Assessment model can be applied to the critically important management of seafood and fisheries industries.

The paper, published in Fish and Fisheries this week, is available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/faf.12159/abstract

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Minimising environmental impact of fishing

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Fisheries managers should embrace 'life cycle assessment' as a way of minimising environmental impacts by the fishing and seafood production chain, say Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS) scientists in a paper recently published in the Fish and Fisheries journal. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a widely used method to assess environmental impacts.

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In mentor number meeting 4 we discussed about making a podcast  and changing our lines of inquiry.

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What Happens When Animals Eat Plastic - Plastic Soup Foundation

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What Happens When Animals Eat Plastic - Plastic Soup Foundation

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Animals eat plastic every day. Turtles mistake plastic bags for food. Whales are found with plastic in the stomach. How does plastic affect them? Read more.

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IUCN produces publications on a wide range of topics to share our expertise on nature, conservation and sustainable development. Publications include reports, analyses, best practices, standards, periodicals from IUCN Commissions and numerous other types of knowledge from the Union.

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Image

stockphoto-graf/shutterstock

Marine pollution is a growing problem in today's world. Our ocean is being flooded with two main types of pollution: chemicals and trash.

Chemical contamination, or nutrient pollution, is concerning for health, environmental, and economic reasons. This type of pollution occurs when human activities, notably the use of fertilizer on farms, lead to the runoff of chemicals into waterways that ultimately flow into the ocean. The increased concentration of chemicals, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, in the coastal ocean promotes the growth of algal blooms, which can be toxic to wildlife and harmful to humans. The negative effects on health and the environment caused by algal blooms hurt local fishing and tourism industries.

Marine trash encompasses all manufactured products-most of them plastic-that end up in the ocean. Littering, storm winds, and poor waste management all contribute to the accumulation of this debris, 80 percent of which comes from sources on land. Common types of marine debris include various plastic items like shopping bags and beverage bottles, along with cigarette butts, bottle caps, food wrappers, and fishing gear. Plastic waste is particularly problematic as a pollutant because it is so long-lasting. Plastic items can take hundreds of years to decompose.

This trash poses dangers to both humans and animals. Fish become tangled and injured in the debris, and some animals mistake items like plastic bags for food and eat them. Small organisms feed on tiny bits of broken-down plastic, called microplastic, and absorb the chemicals from the plastic into their tissues. Microplastics are less than five millimeters (0.2 inches) in diameter and have been detected in a range of marine species, including plankton and whales. When small organisms that consume microplastics are eaten by larger animals, the toxic chemicals then become part of their tissues. In this way, the microplastic pollution migrates up the food chain, eventually becoming part of the food that humans eat.

Solutions for marine pollution include prevention and cleanup. Disposable and single-use plastic is abundantly used in today's society, from shopping bags to shipping packaging to plastic bottles. Changing society's approach to plastic use will be a long and economically challenging process. Cleanup, in contrast, may be impossible for some items. Many types of debris (including some plastics) do not float, so they are lost deep in the ocean. Plastics that do float tend to collect in large "patches" in ocean gyres. The Pacific Garbage Patch is one example of such a collection, with plastics and microplastics floating on and below the surface of swirling ocean currents between California and Hawaii in an area of about 1.6 million square kilometers (617,763 square miles), although its size is not fixed. These patches are less like islands of trash and, as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration says, more like flecks of microplastic pepper swirling around an ocean soup. Even some promising solutions are inadequate for combating marine pollution. So-called "biodegradable" plastics often break down only at temperatures higher than will ever be reached in the ocean.

Nonetheless, many countries are taking action. According to a 2018 report from the United Nations, more than sixty countries have enacted regulations to limit or ban the use of disposable plastic items.

National Geographic Society

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Marine pollution is a combination of chemicals and trash, most of which comes from land sources and is washed or blown into the ocean. This pollution results in damage to the environment, to the health of all organisms, and to economic structures worldwide.

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The five: species affected by plastic pollution

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Seabirds

Scientists from the University of Tasmania reported last week that plastic ingestion is having a negative impact on the health of flesh-footed shearwaters, a near-threatened species of seabird. The study found that birds that had eaten plastic had stunted growth and a decline in kidney function. Plastic ingestion kills many species, with more than a million seabirds estimated to be dying from it each year.

Sea turtles

A 2017 University of Exeter study showed that hundreds of sea turtles die every year after they become entangled in plastic - items such as lost or discarded fishing nets or holders for six-packs of beer. Last year, Exeter scientists detected microplastics in the guts of every sea turtle species in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea, and also at the nesting sites of loggerhead and green turtles, potentially affecting turtle breeding. As microplastics absorb heat, their presence may raise the nest incubation temperature, skewing the sex ratio towards females.

Toothed whales

Toothed whales often accidentally ingest large pieces of plastic while hunting, clogging up their digestive systems. Earlier this year, researchers from a natural history museum in Davao City in the Philippines recovered the body of a Cuvier's beaked whale that had 40kg of plastic in its stomach and intestines. Scientists in Florida also found plastic bags and a balloon in the stomach of a rough-toothed dolphin calf, which was then euthanised.

Crabs

Research carried out in 2014 by scientists from the University of Exeter determined that microplastics can enter crabs' bodies through their gills, as well as by ingestion. Scientists believe this is also the case for other marine creatures, including fish. Entry through the gills increases the chance of the microplastics passing up the food chain to humans.

Bacteria

Plastic pollution also affects marine bacteria, scientists from Macquarie University in Australia reported earlier this year. Tests showed that "exposure to chemicals leaching from plastic pollution interfered with the growth, photosynthesis and oxygen production of Prochlorococcus," said lead author Dr Sasha Tetu. These photosynthetic bacteria are critical as they produce 10% of the oxygen we breathe.

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The five: species affected by plastic pollution

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Scientists from the University of Tasmania reported last week that plastic ingestion is having a negative impact on the health of flesh-footed shearwaters, a near-threatened species of seabird. The study found that birds that had eaten plastic had stunted growth and a decline in kidney function.

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0:00 / 3:27•Watch full video

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Refine your lines of inquiry - no questions. Must be a statement. Your key concepts relate to this.

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Humans are responsible for the pollution of our oceans. (Responsibility)
A(Causation)
New innovations help the environment and us. (Change)

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Over fishing is catching to much fish.This can effect the amount of fish in the ocean. Over fishing can be very dangerous to many ocean animals this relays on many people. When lots of fish are out of the ocean this can create  an imbalance that can effect this ocean animals in a bad way.

Ocean pollution

Every day thousands of pieces of trash end up in the ocean. This effects the marine life and can hurt lots of ocean animals.

How we can take responsibility of the ocean

1:Use less plastic

2:To start to clean up the beach

3:Set up a gofundme (For people to donate money and help the ocean animals)

Sea pollution

What causes sea pollution

Sea pollution is can be caused by the introduction of toxic materials and harmful pollution such as,oil,plastic,toxic waste,chemicals,and trash

How to make a change in the ocean

1. U can choose some sustainable sea food options

2.use less food waste and u can use better ways to store sea food and use better ways to cook.

3.share news that was real and not fake news

4.u can donate to sustainable and trust worthy go fund me

Change

We can change the ocean by using less plastic ,donating money

And have clean ups at the beach