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Persian Empire conquered Ionians an area of Greek colonies on the west coast of present-day

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Between 499 and 494 B.C the Ionians wanted to regain their independence so they rebelled with the support of Athens.

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Despite Athenian help, Persia crushed the lonian revolt in 494 B.C. The Persian emperor Darius I vowed to punish the Athens as revenge for helping lonia.

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In 490 B.C the Persian navy conquered islands of Cyclades and landed on the shore of Marathon with a massive force. The Greek general Miltiades ordered his troops to lock shields and advance at a  full run.

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In 479 B.C  a large and united Greek army finally  defeated the Persians at the battle of Plataea. After this, the Persians left Greece and never invaded again. Athens and Sparta emerged triumphant as the most powerful city-state in Greece.

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In 480 B.C, Xerxes, Darius's successor invaded Athens. Hundreds of Persians ships and more than 150,000 soldiers went on the attack. Athenians needed more time to prepare for battle, so king Leonidas of Sparta occupied the important mountain pass of Thermopylae.