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Informujemy, że ze względu na wygasanie szkół ponadgimnazjalnych i egzaminu maturalnego w Formule 2015, portal terazmatura.pl został wyłączony z dniem 31 sierpnia 2023 r.

Od 1.09.2023 wszystkich maturzystów i nauczycieli zachęcamy do korzystania z oferty papierowej i cyfrowej „NOWA Teraz matura" dostosowanej do nowej matury i wytycznych CKE na lata 2023 i 2024.

Poznaj ofertę NOWEJ Teraz matury.

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Informacja o zamknięciu portalu terazmatura.pl

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Ze względu na wygasanie szkół ponadgimnazjalnych i egzaminu maturalnego w Formule 2015, portal terazmatura.pl został wyłączony.

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Egg-cellent: Hundreds gather for annual egg rolling competition

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Amazingly Simple Graphic Design Software - Canva

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Amazingly Simple Graphic Design Software - Canva

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Check out this Presentation designed by Tina Czapiewska.

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Needn't, don't need to, didn't need to, needn't have

We use the expressions needn't, don't need to, didn't need to, and needn't have to express an absence of necessity. Although each of these forms has its own function and construction, they are easily confused because they all come from the same verb.

Need can act either as a normal verb (don't need to do) or as a modal verb (needn't do, needn't have done).

Absence of necessity in the present

We can use needn't + infinitive or don't need to + infinitive to talk about the absence of necessity. The form needn't is more common in formal language and in British English and is normally used to give someone permission NOT to do something. It is also common to use don't need to to say the same thing.

You needn't mop the floor. I've already done it.

You don't need to mop the floor. I've already done it.

However, to talk about a general absence of necessity (in general, not on one specific occasion), we normally use don't need to rather than needn't.

People don't need to get a degree to find a good job.

People needn't get a degree to find a good job.

Absence of necessity in the past

Although they both express an absence of necessity in the past, didn't need to and needn't have can have very different meanings.

When referring to an action that happened in the past that was unnecessary, it is more common in British English to use needn't have. Needn't have is followed by the main verb in its past participle form. Using didn't need to in this way is also OK.

You needn't have brought dessert. (This form is more common in the UK.)

You didn't need to bring dessert.

However, when referring to an action that didn't happen in the past, we can only use didn't need to. Didn't need to is always followed by an infinitive.

He started to feel better, so I didn't need to call the doctor.

He started to feel better, so I needn't have called the doctor.

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Needn't, don't need to, didn't need to, needn't have - Test-English

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Learn the difference between 'needn't' and 'don't need to', 'didn't need to' and 'needn't have' with our explanation and three exercises.

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Exercises Explanation Downloads

Wishes and regrets - I wish/if only

Exercise 1

Choose the correct options to complete the text.

I wish/if only - Grammar chart

I wish I did

We can use wish + subject + past simple to talk about things that we would like to be different in the present or future (but which are very unlikely or not possible).

I wish I had done

We can use wish + subject + past perfect to talk about things that happened in the past and that we regret (we would have wanted them to be different).

I wish you would do

We can use wish + person/thing + would + infinitive when we talk about situations that annoy us and we would like them to change, or to stop.

I wish you would stop biting your nails. I hate it when you do it.

I wish it would stop raining. It's been three days!

We CANNOT use this structure to wish about ourselves (do NOT use I wish I would).

If only

We can use if only instead of I wish with very similar meaning. The only difference is that if only is more emphatic.

/ were a bit taller!*

If only you would make a bit of an effort. You are wasting your life!

Note that we can use were instead of was with I/ he/she after I wish/ if only.

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Wishes and regrets - I wish/if only - Test-English

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Wishes and regrets. I wish you did. I wish you would do. I wish you had done. I wish, if only. If only I were. Upper-intermediate English grammar.

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Needn't vs No need to - English In A Minute

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Focus 4 Second Edition Kompendium Maturalne v06_19.08.2022

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Modal verbs of speculation and deduction

Must

We use must + infinitive for obligation and strong recommendation, but also to say that we are quite sure that something is true.

We use must be + - ing with dynamic verbs to say that we are quite sure that something is happening now.

We use must have + past participle or must have been + -ing to say that we are quite sure that something was true or happened in the past.

Can't

We can use can't + infinitive to say that we are quite sure that something is NOT true.

We use can't be + - ing to say that we are quite sure that something is NOT happening now.

We use can't/couldn't have + past participle or can't have been + -ing to say that we are quite sure that something did NOT happen or was NOT true in the past.

Note that for negative deduction we use can't and NOT

Could/might/may

We can use could/might/may + infinitive to say that it's possible that something is true (but we are not sure).

We use could/might/may be + - ing to say that we are quite it's possible that something is happening now (but we are not sure).

We can use could/might/may have + past participle or might/may have been + -ing to say that it's possible that something was true or happened in the past.

We can use could have + past participle to say that something was possible in the past but did not happen.

Note that we use might not or may not (NOT ) to talk about a negative possibility.

Should/ought to

We use should/ ought to + infinitive to talk about a situation that we expect to happen (present or future).

We use should have/ ought to have + past participle to talk about a situation expected to happen in the past. We can also use this form to express criticism.

Expressions for speculation

Bound/sure

Bound and sure are adjectives that are used to say that we are quite sure that something will be true or happen. We use them in the structure be bound/sure + to-infinitive.

Likely/unlikely

Likely and unlikely are adjectives. If something is likely to happen it means that it will probably happen or that it is expected to happen. If something is unlikely to happen it means that it probably won't happen. We can use these two adjectives in two ways.

It is likely/unlikely that + clause

Subject + be likely/unlikely + to + infinitive

Definitely/probably

Definitely and probably go before the main verb and after the auxiliary verb (if there is one) in (+) sentences.

You' get the job. Nobody's got your qualifications and experience.

And they go before the auxiliary verb in (-) sentences.

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Speculation and deduction - modal verbs and expressions - Test-English

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Expressing speculation and deduction. Advanced English grammar exercises. Modal verbs, adjectives and adverbs used to express speculation and deduction.

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Exercises Explanation Downloads

Review of all upper-intermediate verb tenses (CEFR B2.1)

Exercise 1

Choose the correct verb tenses to complete the sentences below.

Review of all upper-intermediate verb tenses (CEFR B2.1) - Summary table

Present perfect simple or continuous?

Situations that started in the past and still continue

We can use either the present perfect simple or continuous for situations that started in the past and still continue. But we must use the present perfect simple with stative verbs, and we normally use the present perfect continuous with dynamic verbs (although the present perfect simple is also possible.)

We use the present perfect continuous with dynamic verbs for situations that started in the past and still continue when we want to emphasise how long the situation has lasted.

Finished and unfinished situations

We use the present perfect simple for finished actions in the past, and the present perfect continuous for situations (happening from the past till now) that may or may not have finished.

I've been watching the series you recommended. I'll tell you about it when I finish watching it.

Actions with present results

We can use both present perfect simple or continuous for recent actions with a present result, but we use the present perfect simple when the present results come from having finished the action, and we use the present perfect continuous when the present results come from the process of performing the action (which may or may not have finished).

Something is different in this house. Have you painted it?

How come you are so dirty? Have you been painting?

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Review of all upper-intermediate verb tenses (CEFR B2.1) - Test-English

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Revision of all the English verb tenses studied in B1-B2 intermediate and upper-intermediate courses. Complete explanation with a summary table and exercises.

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Mixed conditionals

Mixed conditionals are a combination of two types of conditional patterns, usually second and third conditionals. We can have a third conditional in the if clause and a second conditional in the main clause or a second conditional in the if clause and a third conditional in the main clause.

Grammar chart

Second and third conditionals

In a second conditional we use past in the if clause and would/might/could + infinitive in the main clause. It is used to talk about hypothetical situations happening in the present or future.

In a third conditional we use past perfect in the if clause and would/might/could + have + past participle in the main clause. It is used to talk about hypothetical situations happening in the past.

A mixed conditional is a combination of second and third conditionals.

Mixed third/second conditional

We use this combination to talk about a hypothetical condition happening in the past (third conditional) with a present result (second conditional). We use past perfect in the if clause and would/could/might + infinitive in the main clause.

Mixed second/third conditional

We use this combination to talk about a hypothetical condition happening in the present (second conditional) with a past result (third conditional). We use past in the if clause and would/could/might + have + past participle in the main clause.

Note that in this type of combination, the present condition also existed in the past, when the result in the main clause took place. Let's take a look, for example, at the first sentence:

If I were a man now would mean that I would also have been a man in the past, when I was not given the job. As I'm not a man now (which implies that I wasn't a man when I applied for the job either), I didn't get the job.

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Mixed conditionals - If I were you, I wouldn't have done it - Test-English

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Mixed conditionals are a combination of two types of conditional patterns, usually second and third conditionals. We can have a second conditional in the 'if' clause and a third conditional in the main clause or vice versa. Here's a complete grammar explanation and three online exercises. B1-B2 English grammar online.

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MIXED Conditionals | ROCK YOUR ENGLISH #42

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Grammar: Mixing conditionals - BBC English Masterclass

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Exercises Explanation Downloads

Second and third conditionals - unreal conditionals

Exercise 1

Choose the correct forms of the second and third conditionals to complete the sentences.

Second conditional - Grammar chart

We use the second conditional to talk about hypothetical or imaginary situations in the present or the future. We can use past simple or past continuous in the if clause and we can use would, could or might + simple infinitive (do) or continuous infinitive (be doing) in the main clause.

When we use the verb be in the if clause, we can use either was (more formal) or were (spoken English) after I, he, she or it.But when we are giving advice, we always use if I were you (NOT was).

If wouldn't be living in this house. he was/were rich, he

If I were you, I'd call him as soon as possible. (NOT was)

As with all conditional types, we use a comma after the if clause when it goes at the beginning of the sentence, but we don't use a comma when the if clause goes at the end.

I could concentrate if you weren't making so much noise.

Third conditional - grammar chart

We use the third conditional to talk about hypothetical or imaginary situations in the past. We can use the past perfect simple or past perfect continuous in the if clause and we can use would, could or might + the perfect infinitive in the main clause.

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

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Second and third conditionals - unreal conditionals - Test-English

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Review the use of the second conditional and the third conditional in English. Gap-filling and multiple-choice exercises.

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Writing Tip: How to avoid repeating vocab (IELTS / TOEFL Essay)

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Egzamin 2 - Rozmowa na podstawie materiału stymulującego - Matura ustna z języka angielskiego

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Egzamin 2 - Rozmowa na podstawie materiału stymulującego - Matura ustna z języka angielskiego

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ROZPRAWKA na maturze (i w sumie nie tylko) | ROCK YOUR ENGLISH #122

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Rozprawka po angielsku - przydatne zwroty i słownictwo

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Jak napisać rozprawkę w języku angielskim z przykładem. Rozprawka typu for and against. Zasady pisania rozprawki po angielsku. Przydatne zwroty angielski esej.