# data[].attributes.body
Landed in what he called Vinland which is modern day Canada.
Leif is considered the actual founder of the Americas.
Was a viking!

# data[].attributes.body
Sailed the ocean blue in 1492
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain financed his trip. Told him to find a better spice route to India.
Not a success!

# data[].attributes.body
England to Plymouth rock.
Took longer than expected and did not land where they originally planned.
Men signed the Mayflower Compact
Boat originally not built for humans.
66 days total.
King James 1 made the Church of England the main church.
Separatists moved to have religious freedom.

# data[].attributes.body
1775 to 1783
13 of Great Britain's colonies against the Crown
George Washington - General and First President
Thomas Jefferson - Author of Dec. of Ind.
Lafayette - Tied us to the french
Minute men
Cornwallis - British General
What led up to the war:
French and Indian war
Stamp Act
Townshend Acts
Boston Massacre
Boston Tea Party
Coercive Acts

# data[].attributes.body
Historical document that announced the separation of the US Colonies and Great Britain.
July 4th, 1776 is the day that the US broke political relations with Great Britain.
Thomas Jefferson - Most important figure that contributed to the  Declaration of Independence.
58 people signed the declaration of independence.

# data[].attributes.body
May 14th - Sep 17th, 1787
Created to make rules for the new country(United States)
Delegates - Group of men from all over got together to fix the problem. This is how the Constitution was born.
Meeting took 5 months!
Federalists Vs. Anti-Federalists
Final Decision - Creation of the Constitution of the United States.

# data[].attributes.body
Late 1700s through all of 1800s
Cultural belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America.
John L. O' Sullivan coined the term "Manifest Destiny"
Impact - Democrat endorsed. President James K. Polk promoted and fulfilled Manifest Destiny

# data[].attributes.body
1803
Acquired from France for 15 million dollars. Napolean Bonapart was the one who sold it.
Thomas Jefferson was the president that made it happen.
U.S. doubled in size with the purchase and strengthened them as well.
One of the most pivotal moments in U.S history.

# data[].attributes.body
Brits wanted to stop trade between the U.S. and France because they were at war with France. Led to war between Britain and America as well.
Brits would imprison American sailors.
Brits moved in on the United States. They even burned down the white house.
Andrew Jackson was president that led them to victory.
Treaty of Ghent ended the war in 1815.
Americans called the war the "Second War of Independence".
War of 1812 brought unity and confidence to the U.S.

# data[].attributes.body
1814
Fort McHenry Battle
Francis Scott Key - American Lawyer and amateur poet. Wrote it during the battle of Fort McHenry on September 4, 1814.
1931 - President Woodrow Wilson made it the national anthem.

# data[].attributes.body
1846 - 1848
Mexico still recovering from war with Spain for independence.
General Santa Anna - Led the war for independence against Spain. A hero in Mexico. Was President of Mexico.
Texas was gained by the U.S. in the war.
President Polk was the President at the time. Offered 30 million for the territory which Mexico denied.
Treaty of Hidalgo is what ended the war on Feb. 2, 1848.
Mexico lost 1/3 of its land.

# data[].attributes.body
1861 - 1865
Northern and Southern states disagreed about slavery. President Lincoln.
7 states wanted to secede from the U.S.
2 Sides
Northern States - The Union. Wanted slavery abolished.
Southern States - Seceded from the U.S. Called themselves the Confederacy.
Fort Sumter - First battle of the Civil War on April 12, 1861

# data[].attributes.body
January 1, 1863
Issued by President Lincoln
Freed slaves from the confederacy so they could join the union army.
Lincoln issued the proclamation twice. First time failed, the second time succeeded.
Goal of proclamation was to free slaves and preserve the union.

# data[].attributes.body
The United States, Cuba, and Spain.
The U.S. sent the U.S.S. main to Havana to aid Americans. It was blown up and that's what started the war.
Spain declared war on U.S. on April 24, 1898
The Rough Riders - First U.S. volunteer cavalry. Theodore Roosevelt was a part of the rough riders.
War ended with the Treaty of Paris.

# data[].attributes.body
1890-1920
The United States was rapidly growing and went through a lot of change and progress.
Muckrakers - Wrote exposes to corrupt businesses, corrupt government, and social injustices.
Industrialization
Urbanization - Poverty, poor sanitation, loss of natural resources.
Economy - Distribution of wealth was not even.
Women received the right to vote.

# data[].attributes.body
1914 - 1919
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand resulted in the start of WW1
Allied and Central Powers
U.S. joined the war in 1917 after a German U-boat sunk American ships.
War ended in 1919 after the Treaty of Versailles was signed.

# data[].attributes.body
1920
International Diplomatic Group
Developed after WW1
Ended during WW2
PURPOSE - To prevent warfare
Woodrow Wilson was the president who backed the LofN.
US did not join because they didn't want to work with Europe.
League of nations died off in the US after Woodrow Wilson died.
Official on January 10, 1920
Downfall of the LofN. Germany was taking over many of the countries belonging to the LofN.

# data[].attributes.body
Amendment passed in 1920.
19th Amendment.
Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton - National American Woman's Suffrage Association (1890)

# data[].attributes.body
1920s - 1930s
Prosperity and recklessness led to the Stock Market Crash of 1929.
Stock Market Crash = Black Thursday (October 24, 1929)
Because of deflation businesses had to lay off workers. This was very common.
Farmers bought machines on credit and they became in debt.
Dust bowl - 1930 Huge drought led to bad crops!
Roosevelt Administration - New Deal and Second Deal
WW2 ended the Great Depression

# data[].attributes.body
Adolf Hitler: Grew up in a broken home. One of his brothers died and he became detached and introverted.
Mein Kampf - Book Hitler wrote about his struggle and making Germany great again.
He became chancellor of Germany on January 30th, 1933
Jews, Gypsies, LGBTQ and more were targeted.
Ghettos - Isolate and control the Jews. A round up center to eventually take them to concentration camps.
Concentration Camps - Sent to work or killed.
Causes of death - Gas chambers, experiments, shootings, disease, overworked, starvation, harsh weather condition.
6 Million men, women, and children were killed during the holocaust.

# data[].attributes.body
December 7, 1941
Why? Japan wanted resources and power over southeast Asia.
U.S. opinion of Japan wasn't good.
U.S. said no more oil for Japan.
Japan disliked America a lot.
Attack occurred on Oahu.
Japan and America.

# data[].attributes.body
1939 - 1945
WW1 led to WW2. Treaty of Versailles.
Axis Powers - German, Italy, Japan
Allied Powers - U.S., France, Britain, and more
U.S. joined day after Pearl Harbor. (Dec. 8th 1941)
D-Day June 6th, 1944
Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941

# data[].attributes.body
During WW2
Pearl Harbor led to the camps.
Franklin Roosevelt signed executive order which permitted the internment camps.
Also know as "Prison Camps" because of the harsh conditions.
Civil Liberties Act - 1988

# data[].attributes.body
Est. 1945
Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill
The Big 4 - U.S., U.K. ,Soviet Union, China
50 countries initially
Secretary General is the leader of the United Nations.
Main Goal - To defend human rights for all people.
General Assembly - Vote on large issues.

# data[].attributes.body
President Truman delivered a speech before congress on March 12,1947
Led to the start of the Cold War
Greece and Turkey are mentioned in the Final Hour speech.
President Truman wanted to prevent communism from spreading to smaller countries and eventually bigger countries.
Foreign Policy. Three levels when deciding how to aid:
1. Diplomacy
2. Weapons
3. Troops and weapons

# data[].attributes.body
1947 - 1991
The U.S. and the Soviet Union rivalry after WW2
U.S. and Britain feared the threat of communism
Soviet Union Captures Berlin(the heart of the Cold War) in 1945
Cold War solidified by Marshall Plan to rehabilitate economies
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
50 Year Arms race & Space Race
Cuban Missile Crisis - President Kennedy
How it ended - the Berlin wall fell removing communist regimes in Eastern Europe & Soviet Union dissolved

# data[].attributes.body
Started in 1950
Cease fire in 1953
Truman Doctrine said that they would step in if communism tried to take over a country.
Official Peace Treaty finally signed in 2018
North Korea and South Korea divided by the 38th parallel
16 Countries in the UN coalition to help South Korea.

# data[].attributes.body
1954 - 1968
Why - Fight for equal rights, prejudice and violence, racism in the US.
Brown Vs. Board of Education (1954) - Spark of Civil Rights movement
Rosa Sparks as well.
March on Washington in 1963 led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Desegregate businesses.

# data[].attributes.body
1950s and 60s
Leader of Civil Rights Act
In college by 15 to become a preacher.
Helped organize the Freedom Riders(Bus Boycotters)
Eventually assassinated outside his hotel.

# data[].attributes.body
1954
Overturned Plessy Vs. Ferguson (Separate but equal)
BvB determined that segregated schools was not equal.
Earl Warren helped change the supreme court ruling.

# data[].attributes.body
1957
First African American students to attend Little Rock High School in Little Rock, Arkansas
National guard keeps them from going to school. To "protect" them.
President Eisenhower eventually sends 1,000 members of the army to escort the Little Rock Nine.

# data[].attributes.body
1955 - 1975
North Vietnam was communist
North Vietnam, was invading south Vietnam.
The war ended because the war was extremely unpopular in the United States.
The war didn't make a difference as North Vietnam overtook south Vietnam.

# data[].attributes.body
1972-1974
Nixon sends spies to investigate what the democrats were planning for the next election at Watergate Hotel.
Resulted in famous "Nixon Tapes"
He resigned before he could be impeached.
Washington Post on the case!

# data[].attributes.body
1990 - 1991
Iraq invaded Kuwait.
Saddam Hussein was the leader of Iraq.
The U.N. decided to step in because it was an invasion.
Operation Desert Storm - Mostly air warfare.

# data[].attributes.body
Al Qaeda - Osama Bin Laden
Why - They were acting in retaliation for Americas support of Israel, its in involvement in the Persian Gulf War and its continued military presence in the Middle East.
President George W. Bush
The World Trade Centers and the Pentagon were attacked.

# data[].attributes.body
2003 - 2011
Saddam Hussein
President Bush
Saddam Hussein would not let the UN in to check for weapons of mass destruction.
Saddam Hussein was found and arrested and later executed in 2006.