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A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form style or subject matter

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The 35 mm format, or simply 35 mm, is the common name for the 36×24 mm film format or image sensor format used in photography.

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A twin-lens reflex camera (TLR) is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens" (the lens that takes the picture), while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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A camera obscura is a darkened room with a small hole or lens at one side through which an image is projected onto a wall or table opposite the hole.

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography. As such, films and printing papers available for analog photography rarely rely on any other chemical process to record an image.

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Image curation is the process of sifting through large amounts of archives and methodically selecting images around a specific theme.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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a large room for the exhibition of pictures also : a collection of pictures.

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Museum photography involves producing photographic reproductions of objects on display in museums: utilitarian objects, 2D or 3D works of art.

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs

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It is a mark made upon a surface. In order to be a line, the mark's length must be longer than its width. There are many different types of lines, including horizontal, vertical, wavy, diagonal, and more.

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Shapes are areas of enclosed space that are two-dimensional. Shapes are flat, and can only have height and width.

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Form is the next step up from shape as we now add depth to it to create a three dimensional form. A square (shape) vs a cube, a triangle vs a cone etc. etc. Form encloses volume i.e. height, width as well as depth.

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Space deals with the illusion of depth on a flat surface. You might overlap shapes to make some look closer, or make objects in the distance smaller to look like they are farther away. The element of space can be used in three-dimensional art as well.

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Value refers to the lightness and darkness of areas in an artwork. White is the lightest value, while black is the darkest.

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Color is described by its hue – red, green etc. (Hue the name we give a colour.)

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Actual texture is the way an object feels to the touch.

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Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but still look balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.

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is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art

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is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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is the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body

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is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement. Rhythm creates a mood like music or dancing. To keep rhythm exciting and active, variety is essential.

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is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

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Radial balance relates to elements that spread out from a central point. When the visual weight of these elements is evenly spread, the result is radial symmetry.

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Symmetry is a very formal type of balance consisting of a mirroring of portions of an image. Bilateral symmetry, that is, two- sided symmetry, is the most common, in which two halves of a work of art mirror each other

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Asymmetrical balance (or Asymmetry) means that the two halves of the work of art are different, however, try to create balance. In other words, although the sides may not be exactly the same, there will be elements that interact in a way that makes each side equally important.

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The definition of juxtaposition is placing two things together to show contrast or similarities.

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is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials.

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An image gradient is a directional change in the intensity or color in an image. The gradient of the image is one of the fundamental building blocks in image processing.

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Cool colors include green, blue, and purple, and variations of those three colors. Blue is the only primary color within the cool spectrum. Greens take on some of the attributes of yellow, and purple takes on some of the attributes of red. They are often more subdued than warm colors.

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One group of colors in the color wheel is associated with the sun, warmth and fire. These colors are called warm colors since they evoke warm feelings in people. Yellow, red, orange and different shades of these colors are warm colors. ... These are the colors of preference for calm, timid children of low energy.

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In the context of interior design, neutral means without color. Neutrals such as beige, ivory, taupe, black, gray, and shades of white appear to be without color, but in many applications these hues often have undertones. ... White might be slightly ivory, yellow, bluish or peachy

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Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined or mixed, cancel each other out by producing a grayscale color like white or black.

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Monochromatic colors are all the colors of a single hue. Monochromatic color schemes are derived from a single base hue and extended using its shades, tones and tints. Tints are achieved by adding white and shades and tones are achieved by adding a darker color, grey or black.

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Constructive criticism focuses on providing constructive feedback, supported by specific examples, to help you improve in some area. Constructive criticism should be offered in a friendly manner with good intentions.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Use subjective when you're talking about an opinion or feeling that is based on an individual's perspective or preferences. Use objective when you're talking about something—like an assessment, decision, or report—that's unbiased and based solely on the observable or verifiable facts.

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Copyright protects original work, whereas a trademark protects items that distinguish or identify a particular business from another. Copyright is generated automatically upon the creation of original work, whereas a trademark is established through common use of a mark in the course of business.

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he rule of thirds is a type of composition in which an image is divided evenly into thirds, both horizontally and vertically, and the subject of the image is placed at the intersection of those dividing lines, or along one of the lines itself.

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Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest. These lines often draw the viewer's eye in a specific direction or towards a designated portion of the photograph.

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The golden ratio is a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. Artists have used this ratio for centuries to create works of art from paintings to architecture.

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Negative space photography is the area surrounding the main subject in a photo that is left unoccupied. Put simply, it is the space around the object itself that helps define the positive space (or main focus)

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Positive space is any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings. That includes your subject, for example, along with other noteworthy areas of detail.

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Diffused light, or soft light, is light that's filtered by something. Sunlight through a sheer curtain is diffused.

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positioning the main light source for a photograph behind the primary subject.

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refers to any source of light that is not explicitly supplied by the photographer for the purpose of taking pictures.

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the use of contrast in light and shading across an entire image composition.

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a solid, dark image of a subject against a brighter background

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two images combined into a single frame or presented together

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type of three-fold art that is typically hinged together as carved panels side by side.

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a way of representing a 3D object by using several 2D views of the object.

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type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards

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straight lines are curved outwards from the center.

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor. A lower ISO value means less sensitivity to light, while a higher ISO means more sensitivity.

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scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons.

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Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise.

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Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes.

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F-stop is the term used to denote aperture measurements on your camera.

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Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be

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how much is in focus in front of and behind the subject that is focused upon.

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uses blur to focus the viewer's attention on a specific area of an image.

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Auto Mode. Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot.

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As the name suggests, “Manual” mode stands for a full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed. In this mode, you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want – the camera lets you fully take over the exposure controls

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a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions as measured by the camera's light meter.

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refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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to the fact that you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo. Whether you choose Auto or Program, the camera chooses an aperture and shutter speed combination that will give you a good exposure

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shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time that the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light when taking a photograph.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

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a portable device used to support, stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other videographic or observational/measuring equipment.

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define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence.

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Sometimes called light drawing or light graffiti, light painting is the photographic technique of using a moving light source—such as a flashlight, glow stick, light brush, or even a smartphone—to alter an image while taking a long exposure photograph

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Panning photography is a technique in photography that uses a slow shutter speed while moving your camera along to create motion blur in the background. With the right technique, you can create a relatively sharp subject combined with a background that features motion blur for a stunning photograph.

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Burst mode is a camera function that allows you to capture a series of photographs in quick succession.

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline.

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An 18% grey card reflects back 18% of the light that hits it. And it is actually the geometric mean between white paper (95% reflective) and black ink (3.5% reflective).

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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A shadow is defined as a contour of an object that forms due to the blockage of a light source. ... Shadow photography is also defined as the manipulation of the light source, exposure of the shadow to add or remove darkness from the image, and the increased dramatic depth of a photo

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all luminance values that are not dark or light are considered to be mid-tones

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image,

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A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos. It can be an intentional effect to highlight certain aspects of the image or as a result of using the wrong settings, equipment or lens when taking a photo.

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Sepia toning is a specialized treatment to give a black-and-white photographic print a warmer tone and to enhance its archival qualities.

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AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something.

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Bracketing is a technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings. This gives the photographer multiple variations of the same image to choose from or combine to ensure that they get the perfect shot.

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The scale on the side shows the measurement from the light meter based on the current exposure parameters.

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Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker. ... Exposure is a matter of personal preference, and an exposure brighter or darker than that selected by the camera may sometimes better reflect the photographer's intent.

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white balance in digital photography means adjusting colors so that the image looks more natural. We go through the process of adjusting colors to primarily get rid of color casts, in order to try to resemble the colors in our images with reality.

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A workspace is a preset layout for the various elements that make up Photoshop's interface. Workspaces determine which of Photoshop's panels are displayed on your screen and how those panels are arranged

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The toolbar is where Photoshop holds the many tools we have to work with. There are tools for making selections, for cropping and retouching images, for adding shapes and type, and many more!

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are groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image.

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The menu bar is used to open and save files, adjust the canvas size, access some of the editing tools, open and close various windows, and more.

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The options bar is used to choose settings for each tool (e.g., opacity, fade distance, blending mode).

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The word Crop can be defined as “to trim” or “cut back”. The Crop tool in most image processing programs is used to trim off the outside edges of a digital image. ... Photographers have historically cropped images to direct the viewer's eye to a particular subset of a larger image.