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Primary Structure - Amino Acid Sequences
Proteins contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) as with carbohydrates and lipids, but also nitrogen atoms (N). Proteins are made up of amino acids. Each individual amino acid contains a central carbon (C) atom attached to a hydrogen (H), an amino group (NH2), an acid group (COOH) and a fourth attachment which is distinct depending on the amino acid. It is known as a side chain. A protein is distinct in length, made up of 20 different amino acids with different side chains.

Secondary Structure - Polypeptide Shapes
Positively charged hydrogen atoms attract negatively charged oxygen atoms, creating twists in sections of the polypeptide which forms a helix shape, giving proteins strength and rigidity.

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Tertiary Structure - Polypeptide Tangles
A collection of long polypeptide chains fold into complex, tangled shapes. They fold in such a way that hydrophilic side groups are on the outer surface near water, and hydrophobic groups are inside, away from water. The different shapes they form support their different functions throughout the body.

Quaternary Structure - Multiple Polypeptide Interactions
Some polypeptides require interactions with multiple polypeptides to function (2 or more polypeptides) e.g. Haemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells and is made of 4 polypeptide chains.

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-  Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be made by the body. These amino acids must come from a person’s diet.
- Non-essential amino acids are amino acids that the human body is capable of synthesizing using only the essential amino acids.

- Protein is made up of 22 amino acids, nine of which are essential, meaning we have to get them through food because our bodies cannot produce them.

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Proteins are large complex molecules that are essential and play many vitals roles in the human body. Proteins have variety of functions and are required for things such as cell structure and regulation of the body's tissues and organ.  Some key roles of  proteins include growth and maintenance as proteins form up a variety of muscles, tendons etc. Proteins can also help with enzyme facilitating chemical reactions or regulating hormones for body processes.
These are just some of the functions that proteins provide, there is a immense variety of what proteins

Further examples can be seen above

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Above is a table that list more functions of proteins

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-  A gram of protein also contains 4 calories.
- Protein is the second most abundant component in the body, following water, and provides the body with around 10% to 15% of its dietary energy
- Protein can also be used for energy, but the first job is to help with making hormones, muscle, and other proteins..

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The energy in the food should be 10 to 35 per cent for protein. In an 8000-kilojoule diet, that represents 800 to 2800 kilojoules from protein, or 50 to 165 grams.

The protein RDI for adult males is 0.84 grams per kilogram of body weight per day; for females it is 0.75 grams per kilogram of body weight per day

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Chemically speaking proteins are more complex than carbohydrates or lipids
Proteins are made from 20 different amino acids, nine of which the body cannot make.
Proteins are constantly being synthesised and broken down as needed