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Male guppies have fancy brightly coloured fins to attract a mate. They have a long dorsal fin that has remarkable range of colours, patterns, including orange blue, with spots, stripes etc.
If they do not possess such appearances, they will be deemed less attractive and will have a harder time finding a mate.

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Peacock with a highly ornamented tail which, like the male quetzal's tail, evolved by female choice. If some “eyes” are removed from his tail, he becomes less attractive to peahens.

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biological fitness is best defined as the ability of an individual to produce offspring that survive and reproduce

- better the biological fitness - improves chances of species survival

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External Fertilization vs Internal Fertilization

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Gametes are shed directly into water
Habitat of larval and juvenile/adult are completely different
No subsequent parental care - low survival rate of offspring
- Oysters, Corals
Advantages: Zero energy expenditure

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Semelparity:
Organism dies after spawning (cost)
Spawn is in larger amounts due to higher amounts of energy used (mitigation)

Iteroparity:
Organism eventually lays less eggs as it grows (cost)
Organism uses less energy and has more chances of spawning (mitigation)

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Why sexual reproduction considered better 

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Why sexual reproduction considered better 

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- Produces variations
- Less susceptible to diseases
- Increase adaptibility
- Increased rate of survival

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External:
- Gametes joined outside of body
- Most aquatic species
Advantages: Parents dont need to be in the same place, more offspring
Disadvantages: Lesser chance of success, may waste gametes

Internal:
- Gametes joined inside of body
- Sebastes sp.
Advantages: Greater chance of success
Disadvantages: Parents must be close together, fewer offspring

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- Sexual
. A gamete combine with each other and produce a zygote.
. Usually requires 2 parents from the opposite sex.
. diffrent offspring
- Asexual
. Able to produce with one parent
. no need for sex cells
. "Clone"

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What are the various aspects that influence the evolution of sexual reproduction in aquatic organisms?

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What are the various aspects that influence the evolution of sexual reproduction in aquatic organisms?

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Evolution is the change in inherited characteristics or traits in a population of organisms over many generations.

Sexual selection: Sexual selection, like natural selection, is a little-appreciated but crucial evolutionary mechanism that moves some genes preferentially into the future. Females who chose showy mates have flashy male offspring, who will be more desirable to females in the future as a result of the genes that encourage the desire.

Natural selection: Natural selection is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change. Natural selection can lead to speciation, where one species gives rise to a new and distinctly different species.

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Sexual reproduction comes at a considerable cost (e.g. metabolic and energetic) for many aquatic organisms. Despite this, it remains a widespread reproductive method. How do aquatic organisms mitigate such costs?

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Sexual reproduction comes at a considerable cost (e.g. metabolic and energetic) for many aquatic organisms. Despite this, it remains a widespread reproductive method. How do aquatic organisms mitigate such costs?