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Why should there be awareness and action for the social problem? Locally and globally?

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Why should there be awareness and action for the social problem? Locally and globally?

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There should be awareness and action for the said problem for us to raise our concerns to help the communities affected especially those who are from far-flung places.

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Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

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Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

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Sustainable Development Goals / Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

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Sustainable Development Goals / Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

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Home SDG Tracker Goal 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Sustainable Development Goal 9
Sustainable Development Goal 9 is to "build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation", according to the United Nations.
The visualizations and data below present the global perspective on where the world stands today and how it has changed over time.

The UN has defined 8 targets and 12 indicators for SDG 9. Targets specify the goals and indicators represent the metrics by which the world aims to track whether these targets are achieved. Below we quote the original text of all targets and show the data on the agreed indicators.

Develop sustainable, resilient and inclusive infrastructures

Passenger and freight volumes

Passenger and freight volumes are respectively measured in passenger-kilometers and tonne-kilometers, and broken down by mode of transport. These measures refer to the number of passengers or tonnes, multiplied by how many kilometers they were carried.

Data for this indicator related to passenger-kilometers on rail (first chart) and air (second chart), and tonne-kilometers of freight by air (third chart) are shown in the interactive visualizations.

Target: "Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all."

More research: Further data and research on these topics are available at the Our World in Data topic pages on trade & globalization, transport, and tourism.

Passenger-kilometers by rail

Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization

Manufacturing employment

This indicator measures the manufacturing sector's employment as a share of the country's total employment. Employment refers to all persons of working age who, during a specified brief period, were in paid employment (whether at work or with a job but not at work) or in self-employment (whether at work or with an enterprise but not at work).

Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization.

Target: "Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry's share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries."

Increase access to financial services and markets

Value of small-scale industry

Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization.

Target: "Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets."

Small-scale industries with affordable credit

Definition of the SDG indicator: Indicator 9.3.2 is the "proportion of small-scale industries with a loan or line of credit", in the UN SDG framework.

Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization.

Target: "Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets."

Upgrade all industries and infrastructures for sustainability

CO₂ emissions per unit of value added

Definition: Indicator 9.4.1 is "CO ₂ emissions per unit of value added" in the UN SDG framework.

This indicator is a measure of carbon intensity; it reports the quantity of carbon dioxide emitted per unit of economic value (kilograms of CO ₂ emitted per dollar of GDP).

Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization.

Target: "By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities."

More research: Further data and research on these topics are available at the Our World in Data topic page on CO 2 and other greenhouse gas emissions.

Enhance research and upgrade industrial technologies

Research and Development (R&D) spending

This indicator measures expenditure on research and development (R&D) activities as a percentage of total gross domestic product (GDP) of a given country.

Expenditures for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization.

Target: "Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending."

Facilitate sustainable infrastructure development for developing countries

Support domestic technology development and industrial diversification

Universal access to information and communications technology

Mobile phone network coverage

This indicator is measured as the share of people who live within range of a mobile phone signal, regardless of whether they use or subscribe to a mobile phone network.

Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualizations. The first chart shows data on this measure by type of network, and the second chart shows data for 4G networks specifically.

Target: "Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020."

More research: Further data and research on these topics are available at the Our World in Data topic pages on the Internet and technological change.

Cite this work

Our articles and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations. When citing this article, please also cite the underlying data sources. This article can be cited as:

Our World in Data team (2023) - "Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation". Published online at OurWorldInData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/sdgs/industry-innovation-infrastructure' [Online Resource]

BibTeX citation

@article{owid-sdgs-industry-innovation-infrastructure, author = {Our World in Data team}, title = {Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation}, journal = {Our World in Data}, year = {2023}, note = {https://ourworldindata.org/sdgs/industry-innovation-infrastructure} }

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Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

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Sustainable Development Goals Tracker for SDG 9

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SDG 9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

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SDG 9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

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SDG 9 aims to build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.

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DPWH Projects implemented in places in Mindanao

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DPWH Projects implemented in places in Mindanao

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How did the pandemic affect our chosen social problem, locally and globally? 

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How did the pandemic affect our chosen social problem, locally and globally? 

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The pandemic affected our chosen social problem, locally and globally by making it hard for the residents in remote places to access their essential needs, especially that road access and reliable electrical infrastructures are examples of hindrances.

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Target 9.1 of SDG 9 states developing quality, reliable, sustainable, and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, focusing on affordable and equitable access for all.

The social issue narrowed down from this SDG, was the lack of sustainable, resilient, and inclusive infrastructures in rural or remote places in Mindanao, such as road access, sanitation and water services, reliable electrical infrastructure, etc.

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Department of Public Works and Highways or DPWH is now implementing projects that address the issues of inaccessible road works as an example. Click here to know one of many projects that have been implemented!

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Self-reliance is the advice of the Mindanao Development Authority (MinDA) for the Local Government Units (LGUs) of Mindanao as the country grapples with the effects of COVID-19.

Several flagship infrastructure projects have been pushed back due to due to some infrastructure projects no longer being viable due to the restrictions of the lockdown and the debilitating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tax generation stream.

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What can we, ordinary citizens, do about it?

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What can we, ordinary citizens, do about it?

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As ordinary citizens, what we can do about this issue is to create petitions and signing them up relating on improving our infrastructures, namely road access, water supply, electricity access, and such particularly to places which need them the most.

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Stated by Emil Sadain, an undersecretary at the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), conveyed how building a road can benefit remote communities.

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"In Mindanao, where the good roads end, the problems begin." 

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"In Mindanao, where the good roads end, the problems begin." 

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In comparison to first-world countries, third-world countries and the like have more areas with less developed infrastructure. This is primarily due to the lack of funds, insufficient development resources, inefficient developmental labor, and poor repair and maintenance (DBSA, 2021). The majority of the impoverished are in rural areas, where public infrastructure appears to be lacking. Limited infrastructure amplifies the high cost of transportation, restricts trading and business, and constrains access to other social infrastructures such as education and health care (Gaal and Afrah, 2017).

Mindanao has historically lagged behind Luzon and Visayas in terms of development for infrastructure and other areas. According to Mindanao Development Authority (MinDA), inconsistent infrastructure development plans, insufficient government resources for infrastructure development and maintenance, inadequate private sector investments, and issues of theft, destruction, and other criminal acts upon public infrastructure, as well as security issues in select areas of Mindanao, are the following issues regarding the infrastructure in Mindanao (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 2017).

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Plans of working on the social problem are put on hold or taking much longer because of the issues the pandemic brings. In addition, many sectors are affected by what's happening with COVID-19, click here to learn more about it!

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Sector notes exploring impact of COVID-19 on infrastructure

The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly impacted infrastructure development and the global economy. International response to the rapid disruption to key infrastructure sectors and industries is ongoing. IFC's COVID-19 infrastructure sector notes provide a quick and short analyses on the impact of the pandemic on different infrastructure sectors while proposing recommendations for an effective response to this global crisis. For more on what IFC is doing to address the COVID-19 crisis, please click here.

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Sector Notes | COVID-19's Impact on infrastructure

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The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly impacted infrastructure development and the global economy. International response to the rapid disruption to key infrastructure sectors and industries is ongoing. IFC's COVID-19 infrastructure sector notes provide a quick and short analyses on the impact of the pandemic on different infrastructure sectors while proposing recommendations for an effective response to this global crisis.

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Building Roads in Mindanao, Philippines, to Build Peace and Prosperity

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Building Roads in Mindanao, Philippines, to Build Peace and Prosperity

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$380-million loan will help improve 280 km of national roads and bridges in Mindanao, expanding access to social services and economic opportunities in one of the country's poorest regions.

Manila, Philippines - Emil Sadain knows only too well how building a road can benefit remote communities.

"In Mindanao, where the good roads end, the problems begin," he says. "There's poverty, insurgency, and lack of basic services."

Sadain, an undersecretary at the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), served as regional cabinet secretary for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) in the southern Philippines from 2012 to 2015.

An engineer by training and a native of Sulu province, where a decades-old insurgency has kept the entire southwestern ARMM region underdeveloped, Sadain says economic opportunities opened for fisherfolk and farmers after the government built arterial and provincial roads, bridges, and flood management systems.

"There was easier access from the main towns to the villages to offer basic services such as education, health, and sanitation," Sadain says, referring to remote areas in the country's poorest region.

Filling infrastructure gaps

Some of Mindanao's northern and central regions have started to show stronger economic growth in recent years following investments in better infrastructure that have ushered in more private businesses and higher tourist arrivals.

But Mindanao's western and southernmost provinces such as those in Zamboanga Peninsula and ARMM regions have lagged their neighbors.

" The government can rely on ADB to assist in this crucial undertaking which will help promote peace in the region and ensure the country's strong growth includes the poor."

Richard Bolt

The government and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) are seeking to address infrastructure gaps in these two regions through the Improving Growth Corridors in Mindanao Road Sector Project. ADB is supporting the project through a $380-million loan to complement $123 million of government financing.

The project will improve about 280 kilometers (km) of national roads and bridges in Mindanao. This will support the government's goals to accelerate infrastructure investment, promote regional development, reduce people's vulnerability, and advance human capital development under the 2017-2022 Philippine Development Plan.

Developing agricultural and fishery resources

The project is also aligned with the government's "Build, Build Build" infrastructure development program that aims to increase spending on much-needed roads, bridges, airports, and seaports to 7.4% of GDP in 2022 from 5.3% in 2017.

"This project will help less accessible areas in Mindanao to reach their potential as significant contributors to the region's and the country's economic development, especially with their abundant agricultural and fishery resources," says Richard Bolt, ADB Country Director for the Philippines.

"The government can rely on ADB to assist in this crucial undertaking which will help promote peace in the region and ensure the country's strong growth includes the poor and reaches the underserved," he says.

A strong partnership for infrastructure investment

The latest project builds on a strong partnership for infrastructure investments in Mindanao. Since the 1970s, ADB has been assisting the government in building major ports, roads, power, and irrigation projects across the region. This new project is ADB's first Mindanao-specific loan in 16 years.

" ADB's approach really caters to this type of assistance-rural development, agricultural productivity, and projects targeting low-income groups."

Emil Sadain

"One good trait of ADB that I appreciate is that it is a risk taker," says Sadain. "ADB plays a very significant role in uplifting the socio-economic conditions of communities. ADB's approach really caters to this type of assistance-rural development, agricultural productivity, and projects targeting low-income groups."

"It was ADB that was the first to develop areas in southern and western Mindanao," he says.

Building regional connections

Sadain said the latest project will cover all current gaps in the road network of Zamboanga Peninsula at a faster pace than if the project was pursued by the national or local government alone. To ensure there will be no disruption in project implementation, the government will be hiring engineers with knowledge of the local language and culture and physical layout of the project areas.

As part of the project, DPWH staff will receive training on procurement, multi-year planning, and operation of a new online budget and fiscal monitoring system to ensure the agency is well-equipped to manage Mindanao's transport sector. The project will finance the detailed design for improvement of additional highways in the future in the region.

"It is important to invest in critical infrastructure in Mindanao, an important gateway for trade and business in the Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA) Greater Sulu Sulawesi Corridor," says Jeffrey Miller, a principal transport specialist at ADB.

"This project supports regional cooperation and integration, and will assist in developing key industries including agribusiness and ecotourism and enhance the logistics potential of Mindanao," he says.

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Building Roads in Mindanao, Philippines, to Build Peace and Prosperity

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380-million loan will help improve 280 km of national roads and bridges in Mindanao, Philippines, expanding access to social services and economic opportunities in one of the country's poorest regions.

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The effects of poor infrastructure in education, transport and communities

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The effects of poor infrastructure in education, transport and communities

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The effects of poor infrastructure in education, transport and communities

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Infrastructure is directly linked to the economic development and growth of a country. It acts as a catalyst for the development of poverty alleviating solutions, providing access to basic needs such as health care, education, food resources, transportation, job opportunities and more. It also increases productivity and improves the quality of life for many communities.

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Lack of Infrastructure: The Impact on Economic Development asa case of Benadir region and Hir-shabelle, Somalia

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Lack of Infrastructure: The Impact on Economic Development asa case of Benadir region and Hir-shabelle, Somalia

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Study on Infrastructure Development in Mindanao, Philippines

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Study on Infrastructure Development in Mindanao, Philippines

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MinDA sees self-reliance as key to COVID-19 recovery in Mindanao

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MinDA sees self-reliance as key to COVID-19 recovery in Mindanao

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MinDA sees self-reliance as key to COVID-19 recovery in Mindanao

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Mindanao's lead agency in coordinating and integrating development efforts that bring about accelerated socio-economic development of Mindanao. We shall carry out this mission through the active and extensive participation of all sectors in this development process. We are committed to upholding standards for service excellence, good governance and inclusive leadership in achieving the aspirations and vision of all Mindanawons.

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COVID-19 pandemic pushes back 3 major infrastructure projects in Davao City

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COVID-19 pandemic pushes back 3 major infrastructure projects in Davao City

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DAVAO CITY (MindaNews / 17 November)- Three major infrastructure projects of the city government of Davao will no longer push through until the end of Mayor Sara Duterte's term in mid-2022 due to the debilitating impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to City Hall's tax generation stream.

In her pre-recorded State of the City Address (SOCA) streamed live on Facebook on Monday, Duterte, who is on her second term as mayor, said the expansion of the City Hall building and the construction of the City College of Davao and the Davao City Hospital have been pushed back beyond her term.

She said there's no definite date as to the implementation of the expansion plan for the decades-old City Hall building, which is the least priority among the three projects.

Duterte added the construction of the City College of Davao, which was originally slated for opening last August, has been postponed until June 2023, but the feasibility study for this project is underway.

"Hopefully, by that time, the situation will already allow face-to-face classes," she said.

The construction of the Davao City Hospital, which will be implemented in partnership with the University of the Philippines-Mindanao, will take shape in 2024, according to Duterte.

"Right now, the documentary requirements for this hospital are being accomplished," she said.

The mayor disclosed the city government would have a lower 2021 budget in the amount of P9.871 billion, down P466 million compared to the P10.337 billion budget this year due to the economic impact of COVID-19.

"The difference is attributed to the decrease of income from local sources because of the severe economic impact of COVID-19," she said.

The effect of a lower budget allocation will reduce the number of projects under the development fund, Duterte noted.

"On the bright side, we are still on track in our goal to have a "Debt Free Davao 2022," she said.

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COVID-19 pandemic pushes back 3 major infrastructure projects in Davao City

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DAVAO CITY (MindaNews / 17 November)- Three major infrastructure projects of the city government of Davao will no longer push through until the end of Mayor Sara Duterte's term in mid-2022 due to the debilitating impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to City Hall's tax generation stream.

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Pandemic slows down momentum of flagship infrastructure projects

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Pandemic slows down momentum of flagship infrastructure projects

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Iris Gonzales - The Philippine Star

(Conclusion)

MANILA, Philippines - Another vital component of the Luzon Spine Network is the Southeast Metro Manila Expressway, a 34-kilometer highway linking Metro Manila to the province of Rizal. The toll road will connect Skyway/FTI in Taguig City to the Batasan Complex in Quezon City, and is expected to reduce travel time from Bicutan to Batasan to 26 minutes from one hour and 50 minutes.

The government further aims to link NLEX to the South Luzon Expressway through an eight-kilometer Connector Road from C3 Road in Caloocan to the Polytechnic University of the Philippines in Manila. The toll road will follow the common alignment of Skyway Stage 3, effectively cutting travel time between SLEX and NLEX to 20 minutes from the previous two hours.

For the southern portion of Metro Manila, the infrastructure program includes the Ninoy Aquino International Airport Expressway Phase 2. The project consists of a 14.85-km elevated expressway with four lanes, from the endpoint of NAIA-X Phase 1 all the way to PAGCOR Entertainment City. It is expected to cut travel time by a third to eight minutes from 24 minutes.

A key project in the south is the 45.29-km Cavite Laguna Expressway, which will connect the Cavite Expressway and SLEX-Mamplasan interchange in Biñan, Laguna, thereby cutting travel time from CAVITEX to SLEX by half to 45 minutes.

Another project is the Laguna Lake Highway, spanning 6.94 km complete with a protected bike lane and sidewalk, as well as the construction of the two-lane Napindan Bridge. This could cut travel time from Taytay, Rizal to Bicutan by half to just 30 minutes.

Meanwhile, the C-5 South Link Expressway will run a length of 7.7 km with six lanes from R-1 Expressway to SLEX, reducing travel time between the two points to 10 minutes from 40 minutes.

Outside the LSEN, a key project in Luzon is the Bataan-Cavite Interlink Bridge, which will run a length of 32.15 km. Once completed, the bridge could link the two provinces in just 40 minutes, from the current travel time of five hours.

In the Visayas, the infrastructure program involves the Panay-Guimaras-Negros Link Bridge at 32.47 km, the Cebu-Mactan Bridge and Coastal Road Construction Project at 3.3 km, and the Panglao-Tagbilaran City Offshore Connector Bridge at 2.71 km.

Meanwhile, Mindanao has three infrastructure projects including Panguil Bay Bridge (3.17 km), three Tawi-Tawi bridges (1.24 km) and the Samal Island Davao City Connector Bridge (3.98 km).

While the Duterte administration has a good and ambitious infrastructure blueprint, it needs to spend more on infrastructure and not just rely on the private sector, experts said.

In 2020, public infrastructure spending fell by over a fifth to P681.1 billion.

Data from the Department of Budget and Management's (DBM) showed disbursements on infrastructure and other capital outlays last year dropped 22.8 percent to P681.1 billion from P881.7 billion in 2019.

However, Villar said that as a percentage of gross domestic product, infrastructure spending grew to 5.4 percent in 2019, or before COVID-19 struck, from 4.9 percent in 2018.

The goal is to even grow this further in the years to come, he said.

Observers said the government should have allowed public construction to proceed especially during the lockdowns when there were very few motorists, some observers said.

The good news is that there are signs of improvement in state spending.

The amount spent on public infrastructure in the first quarter of 2021 improved by more than 25 percent to P195.2 billion, from P156.1 billion a year ago, data from the DBM also showed.

Bad governance

Another major problem is bad governance. Projects are always caught up in red tape and bureaucratic inertia including corruption even at the barangay levels.

Until all these fundamental problems are addressed, any administration's infrastructure program will continue to face roadblocks.

It's an exaggeration to liken the country's current state of infrastructure to the Greek dark ages - when the government collapsed and people had nothing to eat - but the Duterte administration said, it's not too far in the horizon.

As DPWH's Mark Villar said, "we're well on our way there."

Filipinos will surely look forward to that. But for now, it still isn't glimmering as how a gilded age should be.

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Pandemic slows down momentum of flagship infrastructure projects

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Iris Gonzales - The Philippine Star MANILA, Philippines - Another vital component of the Luzon Spine Network is the Southeast Metro Manila Expressway, a 34-kilometer highway linking Metro Manila to the province of Rizal.

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Philippines plans to build its way out of pandemic

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Philippines plans to build its way out of pandemic

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Philippines plans to build its way out of pandemic

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Infrastructure projects spark economic activity. They also tend to attract thieves.

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See all the wonderful things Trisha Espadero has made

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See all the wonderful things PAULINE MARGARET LANTICAN has made

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See all the wonderful things Michaela Marieceed Nazareno has made