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A: Access to resources and trade not dependent on other countries
D: fairly easy to invaded by foreign countries

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A: Able to dictate action of enclosed state easily
D: Can lead internal tension and problems with enclosed state

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A: Difficult to invade, access to varied resources
D: Difficult to defend, difficult to unify

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A: easier to maintain, defend, and travel through
D: May lack cultural diversity due to general size

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State Shape - Elongated (strengths/weaknesses)

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State Shape - Elongated (strengths/weaknesses)

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A: Long and Narrow country lends itself to a good amount of ports for shipping
D: Difficult to govern, defend, and travel within the country

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as set out in the OAU Charter, were to promote the unity and solidarity of African states; coordinate and intensify their cooperation and efforts to achieve a better life for the peoples of Africa; safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Member States

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leading intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among the Arctic States, Arctic Indigenous peoples and other Arctic inhabitants on common Arctic issues, in particular on issues of sustainable development and environmental protection in the Arctic.

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Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

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Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

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to accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavors in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community

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to reinforce communist dominance in Eastern Europe.

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

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to guarantee the freedom and security of its members through political and military means.

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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 

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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 

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NAFTA immediately lifted tariffs on the majority of goods produced by the signatory nations. It also calls for the gradual elimination, over a period of 15 years, of most remaining barriers to cross-border investment and to the movement of goods and services among the three countries.

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EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the internal market; enact legislation in justice and home affairs; and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development.

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Spykman stated that Eurasia's rimland, the coastal areas, is the key to controlling the World Island.

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The theory proposed that whoever controls Eastern Europe controls the Heartland

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The law of the sea is a body of customs, treaties, and international agreements by which governments maintain order, productivity, and peaceful relations on the sea.

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a policy of advocating the restoration to a country of any territory formerly belonging to it.

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Seven countries (Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom) maintain territorial claims in Antarctica

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To unify a state

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in contrast to centripetal forces, are forces or attitudes that tend to divide a state.

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the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration.

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a legal system that was the physical seperation of different races into different geographic areas.

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The general act of the Conference of Berlin declared the Congo River basin to be neutral (a fact that in no way deterred the Allies from extending the war into that area in World War I); guaranteed freedom for trade and shipping for all states in the basin; forbade slave trading

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A boundary that has ceased to function but can still be detected on the cultural landscape.

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a boundary line that runs along differences in ethnicity

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a boundary that has been imposed on an area by an outside or conquering power.

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a political boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in a place while people moved into occupying the surroundings.

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A boundary that is established after the settlement in that area occurred.

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political boundaries defined and delimited as straight lines or arcs

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a naturally occurring barrier between two areas.

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manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.

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the process of drawing electoral district boundaries

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a state governed as a single entity in which the central government is ultimately supreme.

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the government is one that divides the powers of government between the national (federal) government and state and local governments.

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a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals.

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A nation of people without a state that it considers home

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a group of people with common cultural characteristics, whereas a state is an area with defined boundaries that has sovereignty within its borders.

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a group of people with common cultural characteristics, whereas a state is an area with defined boundaries that has sovereignty within its borders.

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A politically bound area controlled by an established government that has authority over its internal affairs and foreign policy.

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a country that is formally independent in the world, but under heavy political, economic and military influence or control from another country.

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a country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers, which by its sheer existence is thought to prevent conflict between them.

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politics, especially international relations, is influenced by geographical factors.