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Bullying and an unhealthy classroom atmosphere negatively impacts the quality of learning and overall mental health of students. With this, mental health is an important issue that must continue to be addressed and highlighted across the education system.

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-“The need for urgent action becomes clear when we consider that more than half of school children experience violence from their peers and over a billion girls and boys suffer from some type of violence every year,” she said.

How to address bullying?
a. Intervention - focus on educating members to recognize bullying & how to handle it
b. Bullying education  - should be incorporated into every classroom; teachers must find a way to incorporate it in everyday curriculum
c. Set programs for bullies - to help mitigate school bullying
-take different measures to help reduce bullying volume

The Importance of Addressing Bullying
-important to address it as early as possible bc it is often traumatic
-Stress management and relaxation techniques
-Reach out to professionals who can understand and offer appropriate solutions and treatment

What Can Schools Do To Reduce Bullying?
-You can never really get rid of bullying
-Certain steps can be taken to minimize bullying
1. Increase awareness by providing education
2. Once bullying is brought to attention -- school must set rules and policies in place to enforce
-punish negative behavior
-reward positive behavior
school should strive to create safe and healthy environment for all students by rewarding students who set good examples

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-Study "Classroom Learning Environments and the Mental Health of First Grade Children" BY Univ of Maryland sociology professor Melissa Milkie & Univ of Maryland PhD candidate Catherine Warner

--> studied how classroom environment impacted four components of mental health: learning (attentiveness), externalizing problems (fights), interpersonal behaviors (friendships), internalizing problems (anxiety and sadness)

Bad Classroom Atmosphere
a. Inadequate material resources (pencils, books, computers etc)
-children are frustrated or disheartened by their surroundings
-teachers may be discouraged or harsh when they cannot teach properly due to the missing of key elements
b. Teachers who don't feel supported by colleagues
-teachers that feel stressed bc they don't feel supported by others -- stress may pour over to the students

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-What is considered to be a healthy classroom atmosphere where students can learn and grow to their fullest potential?
1. Students feel like people - heard and respected
2. Students feel confident -  must have faith in their abilities and feel comfortable enough to do so
3. Sharing power - students are invited to participate in decision-making and discussions; they feel heard
4. Strong self esteem - students feel confident and OK with themselves
5. Relaxed, gentle, humor - classroom feels comfortable for students to feel and be themselves

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-The way teachers think. feel and behave + teaching materials and techniques have great effect on students
-Teacher sets the tone of the classroom atmosphere  - crucial and important to take note as it will significantly impact learning quality of students

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UCLA Case Study -- published in Journal of Early Adolescence
--> 2300 middle school students in 11 different LA public schools asked to rank amount they were bulled on 4 point scale
-UCLA professor of psychology Jaana Juvonen stated: bullying and low academic achievement are frequently linked
a. “students who are repeatedly bullied receive poorer grades and participate less in class discussions… students may get mislabeled as low achievers because they do not want to speak up in class for fear of getting bullied”
b. “Once students get labeled as ‘dumb,’ they get picked on and perform even worse”.

-students who are bullied tend to show less academic improvement due to fear of standing out
RESULT: teachers tend to identify these students as low achievers or unmotivated
-THEN: students receive less attention in class from teachers, pushing them further down academic rankings in school
-BEST WAY TO REDUCE BULLYING: provide academic support for low-performing students

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-those who are bullied are 3x more likely to feel like outsiders at school
-2x more likely to miss class
-do worse in school & more likely to leave formal education after high school
--“Learning must be a joyful experience and no learning is possible if a child is afraid of what will happen in school or if she or he experiences violence in or on the way to school,” Chloë Fèvre, a senior violence prevention specialist at the World Bank, wrote in a recent blog post.
-when students have a FEAR of coming to school due to feeling unsafe - usually unable to focus which hinders academic achievement
- victims may develop physical symptoms due to bullying which could transcend into anxiety in attending school or less participation in classes
-have low self esteem, depression, suicidal thoughts, violent outbreaks
-feel alone

FOR BULLIES
-violent behavior may influence into adulthood
-engage in violent behavior, poor grades (affect them later in life too)
-may have greater rates of depression, anxiety and suicidal thoughts

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-1 in 3 students are victims of bullying
-1 in 5 students age 12-18 claim they have experienced bullying
-recognized to be one of the most prominent issues in education system --> most significant health threats
-According to US Dept of Health & Human services: 50% of students in 4-12 grade experience bullying within a month
70% of students admit to having bullying present in school

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Link: https://bestdaypsych.com/the-effects-of-bullying-on-mental-health/

Citation:
"The Effects of Bullying on Mental Health." The Effects of Bullying on Mental Health, 1994, bestdaypsych.com/the-effects-of-bullying-on-mental-health/. Accessed 19 Feb. 2021.

Prevalence of Bullying
-One in 5 students age 12-18 say they have been bullied
-Happens at least once a week in 14% of public schools
-Cyberbullying can be 24/7 and public -- students may feel they can never get away from it
-Greater risk at being bullies when students are thought of as "different" in appearance, sexual orientation, cultural identity. disability

Mental Health Effects of Bullying
-more likely to experience depression, anxiety and long term self esteem
-often feel lonely
-FOR BULLIES: their violent behaviors may go into adulthood
-those who are bullies and are bullied experience the most serious effects
--> rates of depression, anxiety and suicidal thoughts are greatest

The Importance of Addressing Bullying
-important to address it as early as possible bc it is often traumatic
-Stress management and relaxation techniques
-Reach out to professionals who can understand and offer appropriate solutions and treatment

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Link: https://www.publicschoolreview.com/blog/how-does-bullying-affect-a-students-academic-performance

Citation:
Barrington, Kate. "How Does Bullying Affect a Student's Academic Performance." Public School Review, 5 Nov. 2020, www.publicschoolreview.com/blog/how-does-bullying-affect-a-students-academic-performance. Accessed 19 Feb. 2021.

-According to US Dept of Health & Human Services -- 50% of students in 4-12 grade experience bullying within 1 month; 70% of students admit to having bullying present in school
-1 out of 10 students who drop out of school mention bullying as a common factor

UCLA Case Study -- published in Journal of Early Adolescence
--> 2300 middle school students in 11 different LA public schools asked to rank amount they were bulled on 4 point scale
-UCLA professor of psychology Jaana Juvonen stated: bullying and low academic achievement are frequently linked
a. “students who are repeatedly bullied receive poorer grades and participate less in class discussions… students may get mislabeled as low achievers because they do not want to speak up in class for fear of getting bullied”
b. “Once students get labeled as ‘dumb,’ they get picked on and perform even worse”.

-students who are bullied tend to show less academic improvement due to fear of standing out
RESULT: teachers tend to identify these students as low achievers or unmotivated
-THEN: students receive less attention in class from teachers, pushing them further down academic rankings in school
-BEST WAY TO REDUCE BULLYING: provide academic support for low-performing students

Impact on Students and Bullies
-According to Michigan Association of School Administrators
--> students who are bullied may experience physical symptoms -- could transcend to anxiety in going to school or less participation in classes
--> people who are bullied have low self-confidence, experience depression, suicidal thoughts, violent outbreaks
--> bullies often experience negative side effects
-students who bully more likely to engage in violent behavior, report poor grades -- will affect them later in life
-bullies are hard to spot at times (sometimes bullies have highest social skills or best grades)

What Can Schools Do To Reduce Bullying?
-You can never really get rid of bullying
-Certain steps can be taken to minimize bullying
1. Increase awareness by providing education
2. Once bullying is brought to attention -- school must set rules and policies in place to enforce
-punish negative behavior
-reward positive behavior
school should strive to create safe and healthy environment for all students by rewarding students who set good examples

# data[].attributes.body
Link: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110309073717.htm

Citation:
American Sociology Association. "Negative Classroom Environment Adversely Affects Children's Mental Health." Science Daily, 10 Mar. 2011, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110309073717.htm. Accessed 19 Feb. 2021.

-Study "Classroom Learning Environments and the Mental Health of First Grade Children" BY Univ of Maryland sociology professor Melissa Milkie & Univ of Maryland PhD candidate Catherine Warner

--> studied how classroom environment impacted four components of mental health: learning (attentiveness), externalizing problems (fights), interpersonal behaviors (friendships), internalizing problems (anxiety and sadness)

Bad Classroom Atmosphere
a. Inadequate material resources (pencils, books, computers etc)
-children are frustrated or disheartened by their surroundings
-teachers may be discouraged or harsh when they cannot teach properly due to the missing of key elements
b. Teachers who don't feel supported by colleagues
-teachers that feel stressed bc they don't feel supported by others -- stress may pour over to the students

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Link: https://jalt-publications.org/tlt/articles/2206-psychological-atmosphere-we-create-our-classrooms

Citation:
Underhill, Adrian. "The Psychological Atmosphere We Create In Our Classrooms." Jalt Publications, Sept. 1997, jalt-publications.org/tlt/articles/2206-psychological-atmosphere-we-create-our-classrooms. Accessed 19 Feb. 2021.

-The way teachers think. feel and behave + teaching materials and techniques have great effect on students
-Teacher sets the tone of the classroom atmosphere  - crucial and important to take note as it will significantly impact learning quality of students
-What is considered to be a healthy classroom atmosphere where students can learn and grow to their fullest potential?
1. Students feel like people - heard and respected
2. Students feel confident -  must have faith in their abilities and feel comfortable enough to do so
3. Sharing power - students are invited to participate in decision-making and discussions; they feel heard
4. Strong self esteem - students feel confident and OK with themselves
5. Relaxed, gentle, humor - classroom feels comfortable for students to feel and be themselves

# data[].attributes.body
Link: https://lifelearners.ng/bullying-and-unhealthy-psychological-atmosphere-in-class-its-impact-on-the-quality-of-education/

Citation:
Life Learners Academy. "Bullying and Unhealthy Psychological Atmosphere in Class; Its Impact on The Quality of Education." Life Learners, 16 Oct. 2019, lifelearners.ng/bullying-and-unhealthy-psychological-atmosphere-in-class-its-impact-on-the-quality-of-education/. Accessed 19 Feb. 2021.

-Bullying recognized to be one of the most prominent issues in education system; most significant health threats
-When students have a fear of coming to school due to feeling unsafe -- usually unable to focus and hinders academic achievement
- How to address bullying?
a. Intervention - focus on educating members to recognize bullying & how to handle it
b. Bullying education  - should be incorporated into every classroom; teachers must find a way to incorporate it in everyday curriculum
c. Set programs for bullies - to help mitigate school bullying
-take different measures to help reduce bullying volume

# data[].attributes.body
Link: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/09/12/bullying-acoso-escolar-educacion

Citation:
Kesl, Charlotte, editor. "When Bullying Threatens the Quality of Education." The World Bank, 12 Sept. 2019, www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/09/12/bullying-acoso-escolar-educacion. Accessed 19 Feb. 2021.

-One in three children are victims of bullying
-Bullying harms mental health, quality of life, academic performance
--> Those who are bullied are 3x more likely to feel like outsiders @school
--> 2x more likely to miss class than those who are not victims
--> Do worse in school & more likely to leave formal education after high school
-“Learning must be a joyful experience and no learning is possible if a child is afraid of what will happen in school or if she or he experiences violence in or on the way to school,” Chloë Fèvre, a senior violence prevention specialist at the World Bank, wrote in a recent blog post.
-“The need for urgent action becomes clear when we consider that more than half of school children experience violence from their peers and over a billion girls and boys suffer from some type of violence every year,” she said.

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How does bullying and an unhealthy psychological classroom atmosphere impact students' quality of learning and overall mental health?