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AKA seabed imaging, is the measurement of water depth of a given body of water.

The imaging is referred to as a bathymetric map. This creates 3D representations of the underwater terrain through lines that show the shape and elevation of the land. Similar to how topographic maps are used for above water landscapes.
Things like hills, canyons, volcanoes etc. can be found underwater on the ocean floor so mapping helps us find where they are and helps us understand the influence it has on the seafloor habitats/ movement of the sea water.
Photo credit: (National Geographic, 2012)

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They're used in this field because humans can't safely investigate areas of the ocean that deep.
- Because they can stay underwater longer than a human diver, it gives them more time to explore and collect information

- If the ROV has an arm, it’s able to collect samples of the ground they are mapping, giving researchers more information
- The video camera on the ROV can send videos/ images back to the ship quickly, making things more efficient
Photo credit: (Science Direct, 2018)

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Why using a ROV would be difficult in mapping

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Why using a ROV would be difficult in mapping

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- The tether length, generally 500-1000m long, limits the aerial coverage.
-Takes a lot of time and money to fully operate the vessel and the ROV
-An ROV in mapping is most effective when used by a stable boat (boats you take far to the sea). ROV might have a hard time mapping in shallow waters.
Photo Credit: (Royal IHC website)

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Example 1: ROV with missions in this field

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Example 1: ROV with missions in this field

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Yogi is a well known ROV that's first mission was to map out and collect data on its exploration in Yellowstone lake. This ROV weighed in at 1,100 lbs that included a 5 function manipulator (or grabber) 6 LED Lights, a total of 6 thrusters, multiple different high definition cameras, a temperature sensor probe, and imaging sonar.
Photo credit: (Todd Gregory, from GFOE. 2016)

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Example 2: ROV with missions in this field

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Example 2: ROV with missions in this field

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Another ROV used for mapping is the deep discoverer also known as D2. The deep discoverers mission was to map out and explore Blake Plateau, Blake Ridge, and Blake Escarpment in the Western Atlantic Ocean. The goal for this mission was to allow for a better view of these unexplored areas. This ROV includes 20 LED lights, 2 manipulators, installed sensors that allow you to know the water temperature, current depth, and salinity of water. This Rov is also known for its use of impressive cameras and the fact that it was connected to another ROV called Seirios that was equipped with four different types of cameras, and a 360 degree scanning sonar.
Photo credit: (NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, 2019)

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ROV Shipwreck video
- The Yogi ROV costed roughly $300,000 to build.
- Although there are no true limitations on how long an ROV can stay underwater, on average, dive times last around 8 hours.

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Reasons why a person wouldn't use a ROV in mapping

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Reasons why a person wouldn't use a ROV in mapping

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-ROVs are slower to perform tasks compared to divers. It can also be more costly rather than hiring a diver.
-ROV contains external thrusters that can interfere with the mapping process and the imaging quality.
-Hard to employ in areas with strong water currents.
Photo Credit: (Blue Robotics Website)