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Backround Information:
In this image we can appreciate how there's a bunch of middle-class women that are calmly claming for their rights for suffrage (the right to vote), this wave was characterized by the pursuit of having equal rights for women in areas of suffrage, employment and education.
At that time, women worked either in factories, or mostly in domestic service for rich households or in family businesses. Many women also carried out home-based work such as finishing garments and shoes for factories, laundry, or preparation of snacks to sell in the market or streets, but it was obvious that they wanted to go further away than that, have greater opportunities.

My thoughts on the picture:
I personally think this was one of the greatests step that women did to be considered as equally important as man, showing they were not only tolerant towards society at that time, but also were victorious while achieving this milestone eventhough they struggled for decades for this to be possible.

Do I agree or disagree, and why?
By this, I can clearly say that I agree with what this women did, because thanks to them and their feminist political movement women (unfortunately not in the whole world) have become visible and can show how far they can go.

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In this picture we can clearly see that women are treated like objects by men.She is being displayed while being tied to man (her “owner”),while other men are looking to possibly buy her.This picture shows the lack of rights of women in the 19th century and strip her of her dignity since she isn't being treated like the human being she is.It shows as a society how much we have progressed since know politically men and women have the same rights,however there's still a long way to go before total gender equality around the world.I completely disagree with what's being portrayed in this picture, since women aren't objects.They are the same worth as any men, and are equally important in developing our societies.Whether a woman wants to be a hairdresser or a doctor or a stay at home wife, is up to her and no men can have a say in that.

Do you think one person can be worth more than another?

I personally disagree with this statement,although some people do actively contribute more to society it doesn't mean they are “ better’.Everyone has the potential to be something great,however not everyone has the opportunity to fulfill their full potential and that's something that people can’t be used against them.It's not fair to judge someone solely based on their actions.Its impossible to know the full  context of everyone’s lives.In the 19th century the vast majority of scientist were men, this lead to people believing men were more important because men made most of the discoveries,but this is simply not fair and untrue.Women never had the chance to actually be able to use and fulfill their full potential  because up until the 19th century women were barred from higher education since men believed they were not even half as smart as they were.This was a decision made by men and for men,since that way they could keep women under their control.It wasn't until women had access to a proper education that they could prove themselves,starting with Marie Curie,who was the first woman to win a nobel prize,in 1903 and broke another record by being the first person to win a second Nobel,in 1911. The reason she is so famous isn't because she was the first female scientist,it was because she was the first female scientist to get full credit for her work,which is very disappointing to think about the wasted dreams and potential of all these women.

This is a list to reference just  how awful the treatment of women was in the 19th century:

Women were not allowed to vote.

Women had to submit to laws when they had no voice in their formation.

Married women had no property rights.

Husbands had legal power over and responsibility for their wives to the extent that they could imprison or beat them with impunity.

As stated before,these were laws made by men and for men,that way they could keep total control of women to please themselves and have a happy life while women suffered.

A proof of this was the play “Ghosts” by Henrik Ibsen,this play was extremely controversial and criticized but not because it was bad or an inaccurate representation of women.It was hated because it showed the truth.Henrik displayed women as a  strong character,his female lead was a strong independent women who left her husband because he was a cheater,later on she returned to take his place as the head of the household. Needless to say,men were terrified.Ibsen showed the mold that society placed on women and broked it.Ghosts criticizes society as a whole and the ridiculous standards women have to live up to,despite not receiving anything in return.

Ibsen was warned multiple time to not release the play beacuase of how controversial it would be.It defied authorities and talked about topic like incest and euthanasia.It was ovwhelming for the poeple at the time,however it was neccesary.It was the wake up call people needed.

Ibsen said himself "It is reasonable to suppose that Ghosts will cause alarm in some circles; but so it must be. If it did not do so, it would not have been necessary to write it." The reception of the play was everything he expected and more.Not only was his own publisher embarrassed of the play, no theater wanted to play it.and it was even banned in some regions.The persecution towards Ibsen was so severe people started throwing rocks at his house wich forced him to move to another country.This aggressive reaction displayed the lack of acceptance within the the people in the 19th century.They were not ready to discuss about the severe problems within their society like religion,gender inequality and diseases.

It's a sad situation but it is what happened.Thankfully as a society we have made a lot of progress regarding freedom of speech and gender inequality but there's still some places in the world that need some progress to do before they can actually be free,the first step is to express yourself.

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Women in the 18-19 century (Germán Zambrano)

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Women in the 18-19 century (Germán Zambrano)

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The first reaction I have when I see this photo is like unbelieving that the women some couple of years ago were discriminated  a lot, so that they weren't able to study, to decide who to marry, they were not able to work anywhere beacuse they didn't had the right to work and to decide by theirselves what to do with their lives, they must've follow what the men in their family said, it could be her father or her husband, and they couldn't decide who they wanted to be their husband, it was a negotiation between fathers to decide who was gonna be their husband. Women should follow orders of their husbands and keep the house, men was the responsable of getting the food home, women should just care about the house and satisfice her husband, and when there were kids they should take care of the kids.
Considering the facts that we know and based on the image we can conclude that life was not good for women before if we compared that type of life to todays womens life, also we can infer that because women didn't had any rights to participate in politics, so they didn't vote, and my classmates putted photos of women holding signs so they could vote, like a type of protest.
'Ghost' by Henrik Ibsen is a novel that performs in the realism movement, as it is a novel that doesn't tries to dramatize and romantizice the problematic in the novel, that is the role of women in the 19th century.
Literary realism is a literary movement that represents reality by portraying mundane, everyday experiences as they are in real life. Literary realism seeks to tell a story as truthfully as possible instead of dramatizing or romanticizing it.

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Prior to doing the research my thoughts as soon as I saw the photo were that these women were protesting for their rights, as I could see from the signs they are carrying that they are raising their voices for equality between men and women.

Women were considered inferior to men in terms of intelligence and abilities in the 19th century. Women could not vote for authorities, hold elective public office or attend schools and universities, rights that were reserved for the opposite gender. Women who had the misfortune of belonging to the lowest social class were subjected to terrible conditions, with no labor rights to protect them.

The only function and right granted to women, regardless of their social class, was to give birth, a significant risk at a time when neither hygiene nor antibiotics existed.

However, the first feminist movements were emerging and women would begin to fight for our rights throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.

Margaret Fuller, one of the first women journalists, wrote "Woman in the Nineteenth Century" in 1845, a book in which she argued that all individuals have unlimited capacity, and only society limits them

I agree with what was happening at that time, it seems to me a very brave act that women have given their voice to fight for their rights and much more that they have achieved it, it did not make sense to make them inferior since we are equal in every capacity.

Can you think of another way in which women could have fought for their rights?

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Harrowing Portraits of “Disturbed” Women from 19th century asylum

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Background information
“Ghosts” is a three-act drama by Henrik Ibsen, published in 1881 in Norwegian and performed the following year in Chicago, Illinois. This play takes place in Rosenvold Estate, Norway in the 1880s and the message that transmits is the extent to which society invades personal lives and it also demonstrates an attack on the hypocrisy that the society shows.

Write your thoughts on the pictures
Harrowing Portraits of “Disturbed” Women from 19th century asylum: This image shows a woman who was locked up in a Victorian asylum, they decided to locked her because she “suffered” from female hysteria and eating disorders, which leaves me shocked because instead of locking her in an asylum she should receive medical help for her eating problem and I am also surprised that one of the reasons is female hysteria since that is not a valid reason for her to be locked in that place, but I found out that female hysteria was considered a disease that only women could have and some of the symptoms were disobedience and impertinence.

Discuss, write whether you agree or disagree and why?
I disagree with this situation since this does not make sense, since this is not a real disease, but considering the century that they were in, we need to understand that if women did something that was different for society or behaved in the way they wanted and not following the rules of society, they were considered examples of people who should go to an asylum.

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In regards to the novel Ghosts, Henrik Ibsen's novel "Ghosts" is set in the late nineteenth century. This story is set in a backdrop that has a significant impact on the story itself, as the author wrote it during difficult and highly traditional times in Norway, when women were treated as minors and had absolutely little power over themselves. Women were only responsible for domestic duties and had to attend to their husbands when they returned home from work. Times that were difficult for almost everyone, but especially for women, who had to worry about their reputations, which meant a lot in how society viewed a person. Women who are not married rely on their fathers, whereas married women rely on their spouses. There is no longer any education after high school. We can plainly see a family of four people in this 19th-century photograph, including two children, a husband, and a wife. When the woman asks her husband for money to pay the landlord and food for the child, he immediately shuts her up and says, 'What I do with my money is none of your business.' This displays men's dominance and control over women, as well as the fact that women have no opinion or right over anything unless a man says otherwise. I do not agree with this, it was not fair at all to all woman, and i think as a woman i am grateful that our rights are "established" now. Do you think we have advanced a lot (Talking about womans rights) since that century or not that much?

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Image: ¨Do it this way, Do better than this, WOMAN!¨

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This image is simple to comprehend; it allows us to place ourselves in the role of women, as women are overworked with tasks that ¨only women must perform¨; I am not saying it; it is said by that time when they believed that women were required to be at the feet of those in power; this is one of thousands of examples of women at that time, including housework, sexism, and inequality, to name a few. It appears to me to be a very realistic image, but one that is full of hypocrisy. One thing that sticks out is how the man mistreats her for not performing her tasks as he requires, which is a true example of hypocrisy in the 19th Century.

Henrik Ibsen's play Ghosts is a domestic tragedy. In 1881, this drama was written and published. However, due to controversy about the term "ghosts," it was not performed until May 1882. William Archer, the translator, wished to use the word "ghosts." The Norwegian "Gengangere," on the other hand, is more precisely translated as "The Revenants," which means "The Ones Who Return." This play is frequently deemed to be scandalous because it raises topics related to moral issue, such as having an affair, and having an illegitimate child. On the other hand, realism has an important role in the theater.

Note: Realism in the last half of the 19 th-century began as an experiment to make theater more useful to society.

Ibsen's Ghosts has the most realism, as the author is widely regarded as not just a master but also the father of the genre. Like all of Ibsen's works, he shows people and discourse in a far more natural way than earlier generations and eras; he focuses on a certain topic and extracts the reality of it, so we can comprehend the tone and manner in which he tells it, as well as how it affects society.

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The literary play “Ghosts” by Henry Ibsen was first written in the 1891 and the play was staged for the public in 1892, this story was written in prose and poetry and falls in the category of a Realism work of literature, where the spotlight falls down on real life aspects, making them more important and real, in order to criticize the way that the world seemed to work at the 19th century, more specifically towards the roles that the woman were given, like housekeeping, instead of letting them to expand their horizons, things like not getting education or having equal rights where themes that could be explored in “Ghosts”

The image that I have found seems to encapsulate a happy family, and more specifically we can focus on the woman in this picture, where she looks to be in the opposite side of the door, meaning that she has spent the day in the house, taking care of the family, while the man of the family seems to be returning from his work to his home, which shows what the normal essence of the “perfect” image of a family was. I disagree completely about this point of view of the world, because as human beings we have different capacities, and things like gender should not stand in the way of our development

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Women in the 18-19 century André Orellana

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Women in the 18-19 century André Orellana

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It is very important to acknowledge that the culture in Europe has always been in a lot of friction so customs were almost always controversial, for example, due of the climate in England in winter because of the rain women´s dresses started to get wet so the lower part of them would always get damaged and dirty, so in that time because women didn´t really work it would be assumed that if you tried to cover your dress and don't get it dirty, people would think you didn't have the money to buy another one so almost always women would show off their dirty dresses, while the ones trying to cover it would result in people believing you were poor or worse cases they would believe you were a sex worker the same applied with women with makeup, showing the extreme sexism developed in that time

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Disturbed women from the 19th century asylum (Juan Manuel Galecio)

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Disturbed women from the 19th century asylum (Juan Manuel Galecio)

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This image is one of many women that were taken to asylums back in the 19th century due to many reasons that were mainly defined as "women hysteria". I think what´s really intresting and I disagree with is how little society knew and how unaware people were, that they would define eating disorders, women standing up for themselves, and among other behaviours were used to lock them up in an asylum where they would mostly be mistreated. The "experts" would use a variety of so called treatments for women hysteria that involved hypnotism, lectures, pelvic massages, etc.

What is a drama (play)? What are the key features of a play?

A drama is a depiction of events portrayed by actors and actresses of written dialogue. Some of its key features include: the characters (that engage an important role whether it's a minor role or a relevant role), the plot (which is made up of the exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and the resolution), the type of drama portrayed is an important feature because these tend to impact the plot of a play, and the language (if used beautifully it can truly cause an impact on the audience).

What is Realism?

Literary realism is a movement that depicts reality as it is, it represents everyday experiences as they are, it uses archetypal characters (every day common men and women). It avoids dramatizing or romanticizing reality.

Women of the 19th Century

Women were considered to be best  suitable for domestic work, and weren't allowed to labour, while men were out working all day. Women were given education that prepared them for their domestic work, when a woman was too committed to “intellectual pursuits” they were looked down upon and were called blue stocking. Back then divorce was possible but it was a taboo, rarely couples would just separate but not legally. Society used to think that women wanted to get married just to have a baby, not to fulfill an emotional or sexual need.

QUESTION:
How do you think that Ghosts and other ways of media that portrayed a change for women made other women from those times feel?

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A play is a literary work composed for the theater that uses dialogue and stage instructions to depict events. Playwrights works on arrange performances, acts and scenes, which assist develop suspense and deliver the tale to viewers in a captivating method. There are specific aspects in a play, such as: setting, characters, dialogue, plot, conflict and resolution.

We have to considerate that various famous plays where written during the period of realism, which was a theatrical style in the 19th century that aimed to reflect actual life on stage. Real people in ordinary settings, dealing with common difficulties (according to the time in which the work was written), were explored and spoken about by the Realism theatre.

One of the most famous plays was written on 1882, called Ghosts by Henrik Ibsen. This play is very significant, especially because it deals with important issues and one of those is about the role of women at the time. On the 19th century women were seen to be physically weaker than men but morally superior to males, making women best suited to domestic life. They worked in industries, as domestic servants for wealthy families, or in family enterprises. Many women worked from home, completing clothing and shoes for manufacturers, doing laundry, or preparing snacks to sell in the market or on the streets.

In the picture we can observe how women has to work in textile mills throughout the nineteenth century. During this period women quickly came together to demand better working conditions and remuneration. We can infer with the context investigated women start working on the mills for a variety of reasons in the early years:  to take advantage of the educational possibilities available in Lowell, or to augment their family's income. With this I do not agree since the women who started working were also underage girls. I consider that at that age worrying about the family finances or seeing how they helped their male brothers only because they deserved an excellent education are very stressful situations, meanwhile many of those girls did not even have an education.

Although women's aspirations were changing in the early 19th century, their place within a patriarchal society remained unchanged. They didn't have any political influence. The number of job openings was quite restricted. Single women and widows were the most vulnerable because of social norms that connected female dependency on males. Even upper-middle-class women were condemned to follow their husbands' daily routines.

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We refer to drama play as a writing that gathers dialogues and natural themes with aspects that are attached to reality but that is not limited to a book, it’s set on stage to the audience.

The play Ghost takes place in the 19 th, and was written by Henrik Ibsen in 1881. Even thouhg Ghost is one of the most famous works of Ibsen, also it’s on of the most controversial, because for that time Ibsen obtain a lot of critics because of his play, and also his book was banned in some countries, because it talks about religious grounds, and morality problems, like seeing euthanasia like a normal thing.

Realism is a kind of representation that shows things in the real and correct way, and the fact that we have to accept it and live knowing it.

Women in 19th were very categorized by the society, until the point to could not be equal with a man, women were discriminated and limited in many rights, for example to vote. They also were accustomed to work in home chores, caring for the kids, basically homebound, others were farmers, and many others were seamstresses. Some women can hardly receive an education, it was very difficult and rare to educate a woman, because it was seen as an offense and a subversion.

We can see in this picture some women doing one of the few jobs that they can do, seamstress. We can see the demotivation of the picture because of the faces of the women, I personally disagree with this because, even though women were paid for these works, probably the amount of money for that labor was minimum, and considering that they had their work choices limited it’s was not fair and just for them.

QUESTION

Why do you think women's work choices were very limited in the 19th?

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“Ghosts” is a play written by Henrik Ibsen. This play doesn't specify the year in which the play takes place, but it can be assumed that the play takes place in the late 19th century because the play's main aim is to criticize the society of the time. The play was written in 1881 and first staged in 1882, so we as viewers can assume that the year is around this decades.   "Ghosts" is a drama play, a drama is a literary genre written in prose or poetry. A drama portrays fictional or non-fictional events that progressively builds up tension as the story progresses. Dramas, can be performed in stage, but also can be performed on a film or radio. "Ghosts" is a drama that also includes realism features in it's content. Realism in literature can be defined as a movement that portrays non-fictional events. Realism focuses on showing real life experiences and mainly, this literary movement aim’s to criticize an specific aspect of a society. Realism shows a truthful story that focuses on themes as family, people, places, etc. Henrik Ibsen's aim with his play, was to criticize the society in which he lived, as this century had a society with a very clear ideology, an ideology that focused on the natural characteristics of men and women. Men were considered physically superior, so they were labeled with the task that requires strength. While women were considered week, but, women were considered morally superior, which made them be considered best suited to domestic tasks. Women in the 19th century received a different education from men, women were educated to become good housewives, so their education was focused on teaching women to be skilled in music, singing, drawing, dancing, etc. Women after achieving the age of 20, normally were fastly engaged with an older man. Marriage in the 18th century was more a ceremony focused on achieving a partnership between rich families so together they could take advantage of the other family resources to grow their businesses.
A visual example that I can recall, is the picture above, and, as we can see in the photo, there is a woman that is receiving a baby from a man. Analyzing the photo using the context of the time we can understand that this woman is being set the role of the house. Which impacts me more, is how realistic this photo is. The photo can be a perfect visual example of women's role in the 19th century, where women were set into the role of taking care of the childrens. In this photo we can see the man giving the child to the woman, which we can infer, it’s the husband giving the baby to the wife so he can go to work and the wife taking care of the childrens. I disagree with the content of the photo because in this picture we can see the segregation of women in the 19th century. Women during these times, had forbidden to do any type of work, and instead, they were set the role of the housekeepers. I disagree as the society was completely restricting women's potential and women couldn’t help in any other way to their family, which also made them feel useless. Restricting a person from their freedom is unacceptable and restricting this freedom to all women, is something that I disagree with.

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“Ghosts” is a drama in three acts published by Henrik Ibsen in 1881, meaning it involves the portrayal of fictional or non-fictional events through the performance of written dialog (either prose or poetry). One important characteristic of this type of genre is to progressively build the audience’s feelings of tension and anticipation as the story develops and also, to heavily rely on spoken dialogue so the audience can inform themselves about the characters' feelings, personalities, motivations and plans. It is important to mention that this play belongs to the literary movement called realism, as it involves the detailed and unembellished depiction of contemporary life, when Henrik Ibsen presents characters as ordinary people with real problems and the social issues they encountered in their daily life. An important issue tackled by this author involves the role of women in the 19th century, as they lived in a time characterized by gender inequality as the picture selected clearly represents. Women’s sphere was the family, meaning that they could not enjoy some of the legal, social, or political rights now taken for granted, for example voting, education, property control after marriage, granting custody of children in case of divorce, etc. but only being limited to “work” on their households, taking care of children and satisfying the needs of their husbands by remaining subservient and docile. In other words, women were not human beings but subjects of control, where their life was managed by male figures as puppetry. I do not understand how society could have reached this point, portraying women as things, who did not have a voice, a choice, nor an identity; leading to the loss of the essence that characterizes human beings. I hardly disagree on the meaning that the image presented is trying to convey, because individuals should not be classified or judged by their gender. We are all humans, therefore equally the same, which is why such labels should not determine a lifestyle but on the contrary, everyone should receive the same opportunities to express and develop themselves in society.

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Tamara Chávez / 2nd "B" / January 6th, 2022

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The play “Ghosts” takes place in Rosenvold Estate, in Norway around what can be assumed as the late 19th century, even though it was never specified. Around 1881 this drama was published to the world seeing and a year later it was being interpreted, demonstrating a clear attack on the hypocrisy and conventional morality, that ther society had or not to offer, at that time.

As I was searching for a picture, I came across this one that was titled as “Daring Woman Doctors: Physicians in the 19th century”. This image truly impacted me because when we think of these times we use to visualize women doing only house chores, and what men told them to do because they were seen for nothing more than to exist for society's wants. However, as shown above these women are participating in medical practices and treating a literal men patient which demonstrates their power and the considered beginning of their revolution that resolved on wanting complete freedom and independence of decision - making and lifestyle choices. Thanks to these types of women, nowadays we enjoy a more acceptable community of people, but each day it seems to get worse, and a more dangerous place for women to exist in. I could say the only big change is that before, women used to be called “daring” for doing such simples things as medical practices, and as of know there are amazing and talented female doctors that have their complete right to be participating in medical studies and practices, being seen as more of a normal activity than a daring one. Lastely, I do agree with this image because of everything I explained but most of all the fact that it represents women participating in “men jobs” back then such as being a doctor in the 19th century.

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The play “Ghosts” is a drama, which means it is a portrayal of events through the performance in pantomime or dialogue. It dives on and criticizes several taboo topics, such as reputation, family and religion. It is a work of realism, as it portrays a detailed, accurate and unembellished version of life. The drama dives into the harsh realities of the 19th Century’s life and society, purposefully written to create a negative reaction on conservative families and as a defiance of the established social system. “Ghosts” was written in a period of severe gender inequality and limitation of women. During this time women were seen simply as domestic creatures, the property of a man to serve and assist him. In a few words, women were not seen as full beings. Women were seen as inferior to men, yet they were expected to be pure, innocent, chaste, and virginal. But overall women were expected to be quiet. They had no rights, no voice, no power. Women were completely trapped in this box of what society established they ought to be. In my opinion, this is completely unfair and heartbreaking. This superiority that men have had in society for centuries shouldn’t have ever been accepted. I think it’s heartbreaking the amount of intelligent, opinionated and capable women that didn’t have a chance to live their lives to their full potential. It is unacceptable the amount of knowledge, science, and art made by women that has either been forgotten, never came to existence or was unfairly assigned to men.

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2. This photo demonstrates how women raise their voices for their rights and make an impact on history. Despite suffrage taking decades to attain, they made a big stride forward in their ability to influence change in their country's history. Throughout Ibsen's play "Ghost" written in 1881, women played a key role. They were an integral part of his life. They are determined to struggle for seeking truth and freedom, strong and revolutionary, demonstrating great courage in times of crisis, and in face of adversity. Devoted to their ideals, strong women characters are driven by enormous resolve in defying life's struggles in pursuit of Individual freedom and existence. All these women are still influencing us and inspiring us to keep showing how strong we are, to achieve change, to be heard, and go ahead to create a better future.

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Women in the 19th century were allowed to play the piano, Piano instruments were considered the feminine musical instrument. In fact, that during the century it became a norm for all women belonging to the bourgeoisie and upper classes to have a decent command of the piano. This was not just the case in England, from which most of Meling’s sources are collected, but also in Norway.
I disagree with these thoughts as women deserve the chance to choose freely whatever instrument she would like to play or in other escenario, she doesn't need to choose an instrument at all if she doesn't want to.

What is a drama play?
Drama is a genre in literature, its a script that narrates a play and has actors which play a different role and characters. It is often designed and developed for theatrical portrayal. Its purpose is to entertain and educate the audience. The person that writes the drama is known as a dramatist or playwright. Some examples of drama in literature are: ''Hamlet'' by Willian Shakespeare or ''Oedipus Rex'' by Sophocles.

Women of the 19th Century

Women in the 19th century were living in a social inequality, at the beginning they enjoyed few legal, political or social rights, but it wasn't enough. For example they could not vote or have control over personal property after marriage. Women were expected to serve and remain subservient to their fathers or husbands, their role was to take care of children and run the household well. In the Victorian Age there was a gender polarization in which women were expected to observe strictly defined areas of housework and moral responsibility, and in the last two-thirds of this century, women increasingly resisted these restrictions.

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The play "Ghosts" written by Henrink Ibsen and published in 1881 in Norwegian as Gengangere, plays an extremely important role as part of the 19th-century artistic movement called Realism that strove to represent real life faithfully by portraying mundane, everyday experiences as they are in real life. In this work, Ibsen wants to foster the gender discrimination through depicting the male and female characters in the light of the 19th century Norwegian Bourgeois customs and values. Based on this, we can say that Ibsen wants to expose the hollowness and falsity of conventional morality, particularly the hollowness of conventional bourgeois marriage and family life. On the other hand, we can say that this magnificent author shows the contemporary social issues: the hypocrisy of family life, the subordinate and subservient status of women and corruption in the familial, social, and communal life.

To know the work a little better, it is important to know the context of the time in which this work was written. In the early 19th century the roles of women in society were predominately as cook, wife, mother, and general homemaker in a mainly rural setting. Families were much larger and relied on the women to provide children to perform free manual labor on the farm in order to maintain the family income and welfare. Also, women enjoyed few political, legal, or social rights and were expected to be subservient to their husbands and fathers in all matters. Women in Victorian society had one main role in life, which was to marry and take part in their husbands' interests and business. Before marriage, they would learn housewife skills such as weaving, cooking, washing, and cleaning, unless they were of a wealthy family.

On the other hand, it is important to mention what is a Drama play. The drama genre is strongly based in a character, or characters, that are in conflict at a crucial moment in their lives. Most dramas revolve around families and often have tragic or painful resolutions.This genre of drama is something that we can clearly see in the work, since we can see the family conflicts that occur in people's homes in the 19th century and the type of problems, conflicts and limitations that the female gender had to go through. during that time.

Based on the image presented above, I consider the times of the 19th century to be quite different from today. As mentioned in the previous point, women in the past did not have many rights and were limited to being housewives, cooking and having children. On the other hand, they did not have political rights and had to get married to virgins in order to get a husband to depend on after leaving their parents' houses.

Unlike this, women today have more rights than before. Today they are allowed to participate in politics, have social and legal rights. Moreover, they no longer have to depend on a man as they can go out and get their own job and earn an income on their own without the need for a man to take care of it. Also, women currently do not have any obligation to have children or to limit themselves to only working around the house, since they are free to choose what they want to do with their bodies and what duties they do. Based on this, we can say that times have changed and that the treatment of women and the way society worked in the past does not resemble the way things work today. This is why, today, women have many more rights and the treatment towards them has changed drastically if we compare it with the 19th century.

Based on this image, I can clearly verify how the facts of the treatment of women in the 19th century are true, since the image shows a woman who is at home with her children and a man is yelling and attacking them verbally. From my point of view, I do not agree with what happens in the image and with the treatment that women were given in the 19th century, since it does not seem fair to me that women are treated less than men and are considered as weak and less capable beings when in fact they have the same abilities and skills to perform a job as much as men. On the other hand, I do not agree with what is seen in the image, since no human being should be attacked or verbally abused in their own home and in this case, the woman cannot defend herself or say walk about it simply fact of being considered an "inferior" and submissive being.. However, we can notice the similarity of the facts and the work in the picture.

Question:
How do you think women did to cope with the emotional abuse they suffered from society and from men in their own home?

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Complete this activity following the specific directions below: 1. Explore and look for a picture about women of the 19th Century that has impacted you in any way. 2. Write your thoughts on the pictures. 3. Discuss, write whether you agree or disagree and why? 4. Write a question for your classmates to answer about your picture.

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Complete this activity following the specific directions below: 1. Explore and look for a picture about women of the 19th Century that has impacted you in any way. 2. Write your thoughts on the pictures. 3. Discuss, write whether you agree or disagree and why? 4. Write a question for your classmates to answer about your picture.

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I selected this picture because it show us exactly the distinction about what activities (jobs) are only for women. On that picture you can only see  women because that activity is catalogued for hers, if a man want to do that it would be terrible and also a deception for his family, otherwise if a woman want to do something more political o authority she can not because that is the men rol. It is really clear that women in the nineteenth century played a secondary role, always busy behind men. Society was very catholic and the church defended that the role of women was to be an obedient housewife that care and service of her family, and only the man had to dedicate himself to important things. "But everything is not that bad because at least women could work, that illustrate little by little women tried to get noticed" that is the thought of lot people so they can justify themselves but it's just ridiculous and unfair because  women had access to jobs considered as “women's”, in which of course they were less paid than men and they used to leave work when they got married to continue dedicating themselves to their family, but people can say that is a good thing because family it would be a beautiful experience and it is better to work and it would have been incredible if that happened but it was not the case, women were mistreated with sexist and disloyal husbands in most cases. Honestly I disagree not because the woman could be a housewife but I refer to the point that she cannot decide what she wants to do with her life, because if she decides not to marry and work, she can kill herself working and not get the necessary money and she will being criticized by the citizen, but on the other hand, if she marries, she will always depend on her family especially her husband, not being treated as she deserves and without being able to divorce since society would criticize her again.

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The way of teaching woman how to write...

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The way of teaching woman how to write...

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What can be seen is a woman receiving orders at the same time she is being criticized without being analized her work. With a total loss of hope by her attitude towards her teacher and a desk that is in favor of the man who uses what is in his hands, letting her without all possible opportunities and hopes. I cannot agree with this, during those times,after the Declaration of the rights of woman and of the female citizen in September 1791, they wanted rights for social and political equality. Which required the liberty of expression and one of that media is writing. What I see here is a play, a drama were something that is serious and needs a huge important and courage from part of people is seeing as something impossible and denigrated. Which truly was the reality of women that only really changed after the WWI and WWII because most men dissappear but still is an image were Women are only holding on to other people's commentaries of oppression. They do not perceive women's ideas, only use their eyes to comment. A total lost of work and efforts, that is thrown to a deepness with a color similar to the image.

Question:
If women fight for rights and still is not complete the journey, however most tell as if now is equal. Why most women with important roles in history are still replaced by men with less importance nowadays?

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About the novel Ghosts, The novel ‘’Ghosts’’ written by Henrik Ibsen settled in the late 19th. Times which were very difficult for almost all persons, but mostly for womens as they had to take care of their reputation, because it meant a lot how society saw a person by their reputation. This story also takes place with a context that influences a lot the story itself, as the author wrote this story during difficult and very traditional times of Norway, where women were treated as minor and had almost no power even not of themself. Women only did home tasks and had to attend to their husband when they came from work. They could do small jobs that required small hands in some factories. Unmarried women depend on their father while married
women depend on their husbands. No longer education than high school.In this picture from the 19th century, we can clearly see a family of 4 persons, 2 kids a husband and a wife. About the actions going on, we see the wife asking her husband for the money to pay to the landlord and for the food for the kid, the husband inmediately shuts her up and clearly says 'What I do with my money is no business of yours'. This demonstrates the authority and power of men over women and the no opinion or right of women over anything if a men says the contrary. This speaks a lot about the family structure, how is all controlled by the men, the women in this century just had to take care and serve any need the men had. I totally disagree with what's going on, as this is not the way things on a family should be take care of, men shouldn't silence their wife and present authority and lowered them as a servant that should only listen to them, women are also human beings and they can have a voice to give their opinion and try to decide the best as in this case, where she asked for the money as they needed for things that are necesity, the debt and food. Not for any other things that probably the man was doing. Men in those times should have being more respectful, considerate, caring, equal and empathetic. The image is an example of how women should not be treated, it's so shameful this is a example of what happened in those times.
Question:
What is the difference between nowadays society and then (19th century) what have changed, and what have allowed women to be more equal?

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Two European women holding a sign for women's suffrage

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Two European women holding a sign for women's suffrage

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This image shows the presence of feminist women fighting for their rights in Europe in the 19th Century, this image impacted me as it directly shows the fight for women's rights such as the right to suffrage. I obviously agree with the idea people is fighting for in this image and I am thankful that thanks to their fight, we have a more fair and equal society nowadays. Historically, Feminist thought spread throughout Europe in the 19th century. Activists like Mary Wollstonecraft and Anna Wheeler fought for women’s rights in all aspects of society, whether it’s politics, society, culture, or economy. Women in that time usually worked in domestic tasks, taking care of their home, they also worked in factories, or in domestic service for richer households or in family businesses.

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Women in te 19th century-Germán Zambrano

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Women in te 19th century-Germán Zambrano

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1.My thought’s on this pintura are related on how the women was not able to do things that the men could, this gender discrimination that existed made women believe that they were capable to do what men did, which led women exhaust of this situation of discrimination and act about this, like in the image I just presented, in which they wanted to vote just like men did, because they thought they were part of the society and that they should have a better role than just making laundry. I agree with women in making this type of protest, because I believe that women are capable of doing just what men made in that time, and they even could do better if they had the same preparation that men received.