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He thought that if you take a piece of matter and divide it and continue two divided you will eventually come to a point where you cannot divide it anymore. This basic unit is what he called atomos (atomos). His theory of the universe was that all matter consist of atoms, there is an empty space between atoms, atoms are completely solid, atoms have no internal structure, and each item is a different size, weight, and shape.

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He said all matter consists of tiny particles called atoms, atoms are indestructible and unchangeable, elements are characterized by the weight of their atoms, and when elements react, it is their atoms that have combined to form new compounds.

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He discovered the electron using a cathode ray tube which had a positively charged plate. The plate attracted negatively charged particles, electrons, rather than being indivisible particles. Thomson’s plum-pudding atomic model states that atoms contain negatively charged electrons embedded within a sea of positive charge.

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In his experiment he aimed a beam of positively charged particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. Most of the particles went straight through the gold foil, but somewhere deflected and others bounced straight back. Because of this he was able to show that the center of the atom, the nucleus, is positively charged and very small. The nucleus contains protons, which are positively charged, and neutrons, which are neutral.

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He proposed that electrons move around the nucleus in certain paths, or energy levels.

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Erwin Schröedinger & Werner Heisenberg 1913 

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Erwin Schröedinger & Werner Heisenberg 1913 

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They proposed that electrons do not move indefinite paths around the nucleus, but are found in regions around the nucleus called electron clouds.