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Glass, Nancy. Autonomic Nervous System. pt. 1 and 2 . Pharmacology for Health Professionals. 25 September 2021. Austin Community College. Powerpoint Presentation

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- Cholinergic
- "rest and digest"

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1. muscarinic
- located on cardiac, smooth and glands
- at parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings

2. nicotinic 1 (Nn)
- at ganglia of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves (synapse area)

3. nicotinic 2 (Nm)
- somatic, neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

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Cholinergics
- acetylcholine
-  bethanechol (Urecholine®)
- pilocarpine (Pilocar®)

Anticholinergic
- atropine
- neostigmine (Prostigmin®)
- dicyclomine (Bentyl®)

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Acetylcholine (ACH)
- Location: at ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings

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Heart
- decreases heart rate and AV conduction, slight decrease in contractility

Intestines, GI motility, and secretions
- increased

Postganglionic neurotransmitter
- acetylcholine released

Pupil of the eye
- constriction (miosis)

Respiratory passages (lower)
- bronchoconstriction

Urinary Bladder
- contraction

Urinary Sphincter
- relaxation

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Parasympathomimetics
- agonists, cholinergics
- drugs that mimic the parasymphathetic system
- directly stimulate/ bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division

Parasympatholytics
- antagonists, anticholingerics
- drugs that work against parasympathetic system
- inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that destroys ACH in the synapse
- increases ACH

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alpha 1
- prazosin (Minipress®)
- terazosin (Hytrin®)
- doxazosin (Cardura®)

beta 1
- dobutamine

beta 2
- albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
- terbutaline (Brethine®)
- formoterol (Foradil®)
- salmeterol (Serevent®)-

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1. alpha 1
- found on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries and veins

2. alpha 2
- adrenergic nerve ending

3. beta 1
- located on the heart

4. beta 2
- located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries and coronary arteries

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Adrenal Medulla
- release epinephrine

Arteries
- Vasoconstriction

Heart
- increase heart rate, AV conduction, and contractility

Intestines, GI motility, and secretions
- decreased

Postganglionic neurotransmitter
- norepinephrine released

Pupil of the eye
- dilation (mydriasis)

Respiratory passages, lower
- bronchodilation

Urinary Bladder
- relaxation

Urinary Sphincter
- Contraction

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acetylcholine (ACH) -
cholinergic
- at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings ( both endings )

Norepinephrine (NE) -
adrenergic
- at postganglionic nerve endings

Epinephrine (EPI) -
adrenergic
-
Dopamine (DA)

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- Adrenergic
- " Fight, Flight, Fright "

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Symphatomimetics
- adrenergics, agonists
- drug that mimics the sympathetic system

Sympatholytics
- adrenergic blocking, blockers, inhibitors, antagonists
- drug that works against the sympathetic system